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THE  REGISTER 


OI-     THE 


Lynn  Historical  Society 


NumlKT  24,  lAirr  I,  .IcllUlcllV  I,  IS)25  to  JcllUltin/  I,  I92() 

EDITORS,  Miss  Susan  L.  Johnson,  Mrs.  Howard  K.  Sanderson, 
Miss  Ellen  Mudge  Burrill 


LYNN,  MASSACHUSETTS 

PUBLISHED    BY    THE    SOCIKTV 

September  i,  1937 


■£>.=  -■    CABOT    LODGE 


THE  REGISTER 


OF    THE 


LyiAiA  Historical  Society 


A\E\\01RS 

NumDer  24,  Part  I,  Januaiv  i,  I923  to  Januan/  i,  i926 

EDITORS.  Miss  Slsan  L.  Johnson.  Mrs.  Howard  K.  Sakdersox. 
Miss  Ellen  Mudge  Bl-rrill 

LYNX.  MASSACHUSETTS 

PUBLISHED    BY    THE    SOCIETY 

September  i.  1927 


I 

\ 


Cootents 


Pagb 

>^. 

Preface  5 

Memoirs  of, — 

Allen,  George  Harrison 6 

Baker,  Sarah  Eliza 7 

Barney,  William  Mitchell,  (Portrait) 7 

Bartlett,  John  Stephen 8 

Basset,  William 9 

Blood,  Arthur  Josiah lo 

Blood,  Lillibridge  King lO 

Breed,  George  Herbert u 

Breed,  Lydia  Adelaide  (Portrait) I3 

Bruce,  Webster 14 

Bubier,  Mary  Ada  (Lamper)  (Mrs.  Samuel  Arthur)  15 

(Portrait) 

Bubier,  Mary  Adelaide 15 

Bubier,  Mary  Ella  (Stacey)  (Mrs.  Frederick  Louis)  .    ...  16 

Burrill,  William  Abbott  (Portrait) 16 

Burrows,  Charles  Irving  (Portrait) 17 

Caldwell,  Mrs.  Sarah  Maria  (Newhall) 19 

Creighton,  George  Alexander 19 

Falls,  Hannah  Lizzie  (Alley)  (Mrs.  Henry  Bacon)  20 

(Portrait) 

Greeley,  Elizabeth  Lincoln  (Stoddard)  (Mrs.  George  Hiram)  20 

Harmon,  Hon.  Rollin  E.  (Portrait)      21 

Harwood,  Hon.  Charles  Edwin  (Portrait) 32 

Ingalls,  Edwin  Warren  (Portrait) 24 

Johnson,  Thomas  Clarkson 25 

Keene,  William  Henry      25 

Leonard,  Mary  (Barberie)  (Mrs.  James  Wilkes)  (Portrait)  .  26 

Little,  William  Brimblecom,  M.D 27 

Lodge,  Hon.  Henry  Cabot  (Portrait) 28 

Lummus,  Lucinda  Maria  (Mudge)  (Mrs.  William  Wirt)  .  30 

Matthews,  Harriet  Louise 31 

McCall,  Hon.  Samuel  Walker  (Portrait) 32 

Mullin,  James  Dearborn 34 

Newhall,  Alfred  Estes 34 

Newhall,  Hon.  George  Henry 35 


A  T.YNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

Page 

Newhall,  Mary  Elizabeth 3^ 

Nichols,  Frederick  Melville  (Portrait) 37 

Northrop,  Edwin  Nathaniel 37 

Porter,  Margaret  Ellen  (Currier)  (Mrs.  Benjamin  Evans)  .  38 

Putnam,  Hannah  Viles  (Newhall)  (Mrs.  Eugene  Andrew)  .  39 

Rundlett,  Henrietta  Thayer  (Mrs.  Howard  E.) 40 

Russell,  Harriet  Brownell  (Fuller)  (Mrs.  William  H.)    .    .  40 

Spalding,  Anna  Horton  (Little)  (Mrs.  RolUn  Aaron)   .    .  41 

Spalding,  Willard  Floyd 4^ 

Sprague,  George  Everett 4^ 

Stacy,  Maria  Isabelle  (Goodell)  (Mrs.  Charles  Warren)  42 

(Portrait) 

Tapley,  John  Warren 43 

Thyng,  Addie  Lizzie 43 

Usher,  Edward  Preston 44 

Vassar,  James  Hervey 45 

Necrology, 

Breed,  Alice  Maria  (Mrs.  Joseph) 46 

Coombs,  Mrs.  Ernest  R 4^ 

Crawford,  Lester  Joseph 4^ 

O'Shea,  Dr.  William 46 

Rodman,  Nellie  Forman  (Mrs.  Fred  B.) 46 

Stewart,  Annie  O.  (Bixby)  (Mrs.  Samuel  B.) 46 

Sutherland,  Jesse  T 4^ 

Thompson,  Nellie  H.  (Mrs.  Edwin  J.) 46 


PREFACE 

In  the  series  of  Lynn  Historical  Society  Registers, 
this  volume  is  Number  34,  Part  I,  and  contains  the  memoirs  of 
our  members  who  passed  on  between  January  i,  1933  and 
January  i,  1926.  The  editors  regret  the  delay  in  publication, 
but  it  is  caused  through  our  endeavor  to  have  the  memorials  as 
complete  as  possible.  The  memoirs  for  1936  and  1927  are  in 
preparation,  and  Miss  Susan  L.  Johnson,  chairman  of  the 
committee,  will  appreciate  the  return  of  any  blanks  that  have 
not  yet  been  forwarded  to  her.  She  can  be  reached  at  55 
Atlantic  Street,  Lynn. 

Number  24,  Part  II,  of  the  Register,  is  in  preparation.  It 
will  contain  lists  of  officers  and  members,  official  business,  and 
several  valuable  papers  that  have  been  read  before  the  Society. 

Benjamin  N.  Johnson, 
Ellen  Mudge  Burrill. 
September  i,  1927. 


LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 


MEMOIRS 


GEORGE    HARRISON    ALLEN 

George  Harrison  Allen,  son  of  Jacob  Alva  and  Prudence  (Hire)  Allen, 
was  born  June  21,  1840,  at  Manchester,  Mass.  He  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools  of  Lawrence  and  lived  there  till  1866,  when  he  came  to 
Ljnn,  continuing  his  business  of  box  manufacturing.  During  the  Civil 
War  he  served  in  the  3rd.  Mass.  Volunteer  Infantry,  i8th  Army  Corps,  and 
for  a  time  was  ward  master  at  Newburn,  N.C.,  being  detailed  to  the  Field 
Hospital.     He  was  discharged  June  26,  1S63. 

Mr.  Allen  was  a  33rd  degree  Mason.  He  was  Past  Master  Golden 
Fleece  Lodge,  Past  High  Priest,  Sutton  Royal  Arch  Chapter,  Past  Com- 
mander, Olivet  Commandery,  Past  Grand  Commander,  Mass.  and  R.I. 
Commanderies,  Past  Thrice  Potent  Grand  Master  of  Boston  Lodge  of 
Perfection  and  was  a  life  member  of  all  subordinate  bodies.  He  was  a 
member  of  Aleppo  Temple,  Order  of  Mystic  Shrine,  of  Palestine  Encamp- 
ment, I.O.O.F.,  of  Post  5,  G.A.R.  and  of  the  Royal  Order  of  Scotland. 
He  also  held  membership  in  the  Oxford  Club,  Swampscott  Ionic  Club, 
Pelican  Club,  Beef-steak  and  Onion  Club,  and  Old  Essex  Chapter, 
Sons  of  the  American  Revolution.  In  early  years,  he  attended  the  First 
Universalist  Church  but  later  the  East  Baptist  Church.  He  joined  the 
Lynn  Historical  Society  Nov.  15,  1909. 

Mr.  Allen  was  married  first  to  Sarah  Luella  Mclntire  of  Lancaster, 
N.H.,  in  1864,  and  second  to  Effie  Sophia  Spinney  of  Leominster,  Mass., 
In  1903,  who  survives  him  with  two  children,  Luella  Spinney  Allen  and 
George  Harrison  Allen,  Jr. 

The  emigrant  ancestor  was  WilHami  Allen,  who  came  to  this  country 
from  England  in  company  with  Roger  Conant,  Rev.  Mr.  Lyford,  Peter 
Palfrey,  John  Norman  and  son,  John  Woodbury  and  others  earlier  than 
1622,  as  they  were  living  at  Dorchester  at  that  date.  His  wife  was 
Elizabeth  Bradley.  Samuel^,  married  Sarah  Tuck  of  Beverly.  Jonathan", 
married  Mary  Pierce.  Jacob*,  married  Sarah  Lee  ;  he  enlisted  as  Minute 
Man  April  19,  1775  and  marched  to  Medford  but  too  late  to  engage,  was 
at  Bunker  Hill  and  the  storming  of  Quebec.  Isaac"^  who  married 
Rebekah  Towksbury,  also  fought  at  Bunker  Hill  and  saw  other  service. 
Jacob"  married  Lucy  Galloppe,  Jacob  Alva^  married  Prudence  Hire  and 
their  son  was  George  Harrison^. 


WILLIAM     MITCHELL   BARNEY 


MEMOIRS  7 

SARAH   ELIZA  BAKER 

Sarah  Eliza  Baker,  daughter  of  Daniel  Collins  and  Augusta  (Chase) 
Baker,  was  born  in  Lynn  Nov.  i8,  1847,  and  died  here  Jan.  26,  1925.  She 
was  graduated  from  the  Lynn  High  School  in  1865  and  after  some  years 
became  assistant  at  the  City  Treasurer's  office.  She  was  a  life  long 
member  of  the  Unitarian  Church  and  active  in  the  Woman's  Alliance, 
and  a  member  of  the  Lynn  Historical  Society  from  Nov.  15,  1915.  Miss 
Baker  was  a  woman  of  courage  and  integrity,  who  upheld  our  inherited 
New  England  ideals. 

The  Baker  ancestry  is  traced  from  Richard^  Baker,  who  married  Faith 
Withington.  John2,  married  Preserved  Trott.  James^,  married  Judith 
Maxfield.  Preserved*,  married  Martha  Farrington.  Samuel^,  married 
Elizabeth  Clapp.  Elisha*^,  married  Ruth  Collins.  Daniel  Collins^ 
married  Augusta  Chase.  The  Chase  ancestry  has  been  traced  for  six 
generations  in  England  back  of  Aquila,  the  emigrant,  to  Thomas  Chase, 
of  Chesham. 


WILLIAM   MITCHELL   BARNEY 

William  Mitchell  Barney  was  born  Oct.  30,  1846,  at  Nantucket,  Mass., 
and  there  lived  till  his  marriage.  Many  of  the  early  settlers  were  his 
ancestors.  His  father  was  Matthew  Barney,  descendant  of  Jacob  Barney, 
who  came  to  Salem  in  1634,  and  his  mother  was  Sally  (Mitchell)  Barney, 
a  sister  of  Prof.  Maria  Mitchell,  the  astronomer.  He  was  educnted  in 
the  Admiral  Sir  Isaac  Coffin  School,  Nantucket,  and  spent  a  year  at  the 
Lawrence  Scientific  School,  at  Harvard  University.  From  1869  to  1899, 
he  was  with  the  North  National  Bank  of  Boston,  so  that  he  was  well  fitted 
to  organize  the  Commonwealth  Savings  Bank  of  Lynn  (1900),  of  which  he 
was  treasurer  until  ill  health  obliged  him  to  give  up  active  duties  in  1918. 
He  also  organized  the  Lincoln  Co-operative  Bank  and  was  its  president. 
Politically,  he  was  a  Republican  and  for  several  years  a  member  of  the 
Lynn  School  Board.  Although  a  student  of  financial  and  economic  con- 
ditions and  in  these  matters  helpful  to  a  large  group  of  friends,  he  had 
few  activities  outside  his  home. 

Mr.  Barney  was  a  birthright  member  of  the  Society  of  Friends  and 
attended  the  meeting  at  Lynn  till  1885,  after  which  he  was  a  regular 
attendant  at  the  First  Universalist  Church.  He  was  a  charter  member 
of  the  Lynn  Historical  Society  (Apr.  27,  1897). 

On  June  23,  1869,  Mr.  Barney  was  married  at  Lynn  according  to  the 
Friends'  ceremony,  to  Mary  Louise  Neal,  daughter  of  Hon.  Peter  Morrell 
Neal  and  Lydia  (Cobb)  Neal,  who  died  July  4,  1919.     He  died  May  23 


8  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

1923,  survived  by  his  three  children— Edward  Mitchell  Barney  and  Lydia 
Louise  Barney  both  of  Lynn,  Hon.  Charles  Neal  Barney  now  of  Scars- 
dale,  New  York,  formerly  Mayor  of  Lynn,  and  one  grandchild,  Virginia 
Barney. 

The  Mitchell  line  runs  through  Richard^,  Richard^,  Richard,*^  Peleg*, 
William^,  Sall>^  William  Mitchell'  Barney. 

Among  his  emigrant  ancestors,  all  born  in  England,  and  all  living  in 
America  prior  to  1700,  were  Jacob  Barney  (Salem  1634),  Degory  Priest 
(Mayflower  passenger),  William  Gayer,  Esq.  (direct  descendant  in  15th 
generation  from  King  Edward  I  and  Q^ueen  Eleanor  of  England),  Rev. 
Stephen  Bachiller  (Lynn,  1632)  Tristram  Coffin,  first  Chief  Magistrate  of 
Nantucket,  Peter  Coffin  (Chief  Justice  of  the  New  Hampshire  Supreme 
Court),  John  Witt,  Robert  Griffen,Jabez  Greene,  Thomas  Gardner,  Samuel 
Shattuck,  Edward  Starbuck,  George  Bunker,  John  Tripp,  Edward 
Cartwright,  Thomas  Macy,  Thomas  Coleman,  Peter  Folger,  Robert 
Pinkham,  Richard  Mitchell. 


JOHN  STEPHEN  BARTLETT 

John  Stephen  Bartlett  was  born  in  Marblehead  June  11,  1845,  the  son 
of  George  Edward  and  Hannah  Hooper  (Girdler)  Bartlett,  whose 
ancestors  were  among  the  early  settlers  of  that  town.  His  grandfather. 
Rev.  John  Bartlett,  a  Harvard  graduate,  was  settled  over  the  Unitarian 
Church  for  many  years. 

The  family  moved  to  Lynn  when  he  was  but  seven  years  old,  so  his 
boyhood  was  spent  here  and  his  education  received  in  the  public  schools. 
Early  in  the  Civil  war,  though  only  eighteen  years  of  age,  he  enlisted  with 
a  company  of  young  men,  all  under  twenty-one,  serving  as  corporal  in 
Co.  I,  8th  Massachusetts  Infantry.  On  his  return,  he  entered  business 
and  later  became  associated  with  his  falher-in-law,  Mr.  Benjamin  F.  Doak, 
In  the  manufacture  of  shoes.  On  the  death  of  Mr.  Doak,  the  firm 
became  John  S.  Bartlett  &  Company  and  so  continued  till  after  the  great 
fire  of  1889,  when  Mr.  Bartlett  entered  the  banking  business  in  Boston  and 
was  connected  with  many  directorates  of  large  corporations.  In  1882,  he 
became  director  of  the  First  National  Bank,  continuing  through  its  re- 
organization as  the  Essex  Trust  Company,  when  he  was  elected  vice- 
president.  He  was  a  director  of  the  Lynn  Gas  &  Electric  Company  from 
1882  and  its  president  from  1908  till  his  death.  He  was  also  a  director  of 
the  Lynn  Institution  for  Savings  and  of  the  Old  Colony  Trust  Company, 
of  Boston. 

Mr.  Bartlett  was  a  past  president  of  the  Oxford  Club,  a  member  of  the 
Tedesco   Country   and    Budget   Clubs,    and    of   the   Algonquin    Club  of 


MEMOIRS  9 

Boston.  He  joined  the  Lynn  Historical  Society  Jan.  28,  1898.  In 
religious  belief  he  was  a  Unitarian  and  politically  a  strong  Republican. 

Mr.  Bartlett  married  June  2,  1S69,  C.  EllaDoak,  daughter  of  Benjamin 
F.  and  Charlotte  Sophia  (Hathaway)  Doak,  and  had  two  children  Mary 
D.  (Mrs.  James  B.  Noyes),  and  Benjamin  Doak  who  died  in  192 1.  Mr. 
Bartlett  died  at  his  residence,  61  Atlantic  Street,  Jan.  27,  1925. 

Rogeri  Bartlett  the  emigrant  ancestor  came  from  Brandescombe, 
Devonshire,  England,  to  Boston  and  married  Anna  Hurd  of  Charlestown. 
Samuel-,  married  Sarah  Barrett  of  Concord.  Rev.  John^,  married  Sarah 
De  Blois  of  Halifax,  N.  S.,  whose  ancestor,  George^  De  Blois  born  in 
Oxford,  England,  Mar.  6,  1739,  came  to  Boston  in  1761  and  married  his 
cousin,  Sarah-  De  Blois,  daughter  of  Louis  De  Blois,  Dec.  25,  1771. 
Their  daughter  Sarah-^  married  Rev.  John  Bartlett. 


WILLIAM   BASSET 


William  Basset,  son  of  William  and  Mary  (Boyce)  Basset  was  born 
in  Lynn  Sept.  30,  1839,  and  died  March  14,  1925,  at  his  home, 
55  Baltimore  Street,  the  land  being  a  part  of  his  grandfather's  farm  before 
Baltimore  Street  (originally  Basset  Street)  was  laid  out.  About  1700, 
the  Basset  land  extended  from  Nahant  Street  to  the  present  Basset  Street. 

After  graduating  from  the  Lynn  High  School,  Mr.  Basset  in  1855 
entered  the  employ  of  the  First  National  Bank.  He  was  cashier  of  the 
National  Hide  and  Leather  Bank,  Boston,  1869-1874;  a  member  of  the 
banking  firm  of  Brewster,  Basset  &  Co.,  1874-18S2  ;  of  Basset,  Whitney  & 
Co.,  1883-1892,  and  in  his  own  name,  1892-1904 ;  he  was  for  a  time  in  the 
lumber  business  under  the  name  of  Breed  and  Basset.  He  was  a  director 
of  the  First  National  Bank  Jan.  1 1,  1876  to  July  27,  1903,  and  vice-president 
Jan.  8,  1884  to  July  27,  1903;  a  director  of  the  National  Shawmut  Bank, 
Boston,  of  the  Lynn  Gas  &  Electric  Co.  and  a  Trustee  of  the  Lynn 
Public  Library.  He  was  also  a  member  of  the  Oxford  Club,  and  of  the 
Lynn  Historical  Society  since  Sept.  20,  1909.  Mr.  Basset  married  May  13, 
1863,  Lydia  A.  Buftum,  daughter  of  Hon.  James  N.  Buffum  (b.  August  8, 
1841,)  by  whom  he  had  three  children,  a  son  William,  and  daughter  Ruth, 
now  Mrs.  Edward  B.  Varney  of  Fall  River,  surviving  him.  Mrs.  Basset 
died  May  24,  1885,  and  later  he  married  (2)  Maria  B.  Handy  and  (3)  Mrs. 
Sarah  Goodrich  Milliken. 

The  Basset  genealogy  runs  as  follows  : — William^,  b. ,  d.  March 

3t,  1703;  m.  Sarah  Burt.  William,  Jr.'-,  m.  Oct.  25,  1675,  Sarah  Hood,  b. 
Aug.  9,  1657.  William^,  b.  Nov.,  1678,  d.  Mar,  4,  1762;  m.  I4:iim:i703, 
Rebecca    Berry,  d.  Feb.  2,  1766.    Joseph*,  b.  Dec.  19,  1715,  d.  1791 ;  m. 


lO  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

Dec.  I,  1737,  Eunice  Hacker,  b. ,  d.  Oct.  2,  1775.     Isaac^,  b.  Sept.  19, 

1741,  d.  Jan.  34,  1829;  m.  Nov.  22,  1769,  Marj  Collins,  b.  9  :iim  :i74i,  d. 
Oct.  I,  1825.  Isaac^,  b.  Oct.  6,  1779,  d.  May  24,  1867;  m  :2i  :4m  :  1802 
Ruth  Breed,  b.  Mar.  21,  1782,  d.  July  5,  i860.  William^,  b.  Mar.  4,  1803, 
d.  June  21,  1871  ;  m.  23  :6m  :i824,  Mary  Boy ce,  b.  Dec.  21,  1805,  d.  May 
19,  1884.     William^. 

For  other  details,  see  Lynn  Historical  Society  genealogies  and  "Early 
Lewis,  Broad  and  Nahant  Streets'",  by  John  B.  Newhall,  in  1907  Register. 


ARTHUR  JOSIAH   BLOOD 

Arthur  Josiah  Blood,  a  descendant  of  the  Blood  family  of  Hollis, 
N.  H.,  which  took  an  active  part  in  the  War  of  the  Revolution,  was  born 
in  Lynn,  Dec.  17,  1864,  the  son  of  Josiah  Beaman  and  Mary  Elizabeth 
(Kimball)  Blood.  He  was  educated  in  the  Lynn  public  schools,  begin- 
ning his  business  life  with  the  L.  A.  May  Company  and  later  was  with 
the  Belding  Refrigerator  Company.  He  then  became  associated  with  his 
father  and  was  treasurer  of  the  J.  B.  Blood  Company  for  thirty-five  years. 

Mr.  Blood  was  actively  interested  in  the  Temperance  movement  and 
the  Y.M.C.A.  He  was  president  of  the  latter  at  the  time  the  new  building 
on  Market  Street  was  erected.  He  was  a  member  of  Mt.  Carmel  Lodge, 
A.  F.  and  A.  M.,  and  of  the  Oxford  Club,  Swampscott  Club,  the  Lynn 
Historical  Society,  of  which  he  was  a  life  member,  joining  Feb.  21,  1910, 
the  Boston  Fruit  and  Produce  Exchange  and  Old  Essex  Chapter,  Sons  of 
the  American  Revolution.  He  was  an  active  member  and  Steward  of  the 
Maple  Street  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 

Mr.  Blood  was  married  in  Lynn,  Nov.  18,  1891,  to  Nellie  Buffington 
Chase,  who  survives  him,  with  their  son,  Philip  William.  Mr.  Blood 
died  at  his  home  in  Swampscott,  Dec.  22,  1925. 

Two  of  his  ancestors,  Josiah  Blood  and  Josiah  Blood,  Junior,  of 
Hollis,  N.  H.,were  killed  at  Ticonderoga,  where  they  served  with  Col. 
Ethan  Allen. 


LILLIBRIDGE   KING  BLOOD 

Lillibridge  King  Blood  was  born  in  Lynn,  June  26,  1866,  the  son  of 
Josiah  Beaman  Blood  and  Mary  Elizabeth  (Kimball)  Blood,  and  died 
Nov.  I,  1924.  He  attended  the  public  schools  and  then  entered  his  father's 
store,  remaining  in  the  business  till  a  few  years  before  his  death.  He 
was  a  life  member  of  the  following  Masonic  orders: — Mount  Carmel 
Lodge,    Sutton    Chapter   R.A.M.,    Zebulon     Council,     R.S.M.,    Olivet 


MEMOIRS  II 

Commandery,  K.C.B.,  Boston  Lafayette  Lodge  of  Perfection,  Giles  F. 
Yates  Council,  Mount  Olivet  Chapter,  Massachusetts  Consistory,  holding 
32nd  degree,  Aleppo  Temple,  Mystic  Shrine  and  Eastern  Star. 

Mr.  Blood  was  an  active  member  of  the  First  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church  and  at  one  time  was  on  the  official  board.  He  was  also  a  member 
of  Old  Essex  Chapter,  Sons  of  the  American  Revolution  and  joined  the 
Lynn  Historical  Society,  Oct.  15,  1917.  He  was  married  on  Nov.  30, 
1893,  to  Jennie  E.  Clapp  of  Lynn  and  had  two  children,  a  son  dying 
young,  and  a  daughter  Helen  V.  now  Mrs.  Carl  Gurshin. 


GEORGE  HERBERT  BREED 

George  Herbert  Breed  was  the  son  of  William  Nehemiah,  of  Lynn, 
and  Caroline  Augusta  (Horton)  Breed,  of  Swampscott,  and  was  born  in 
Lynn,  Apr.  3,  1859.  He  was  a  direct  descendant  of  Allen  Breed,  born  in 
England  in  1601,  who  settled  in  Lynn  in  1630,  being  one  of  the  party 
coming  with  Gov.  John  Winthrop  to  Salem  in  that  year.  Allen  Breed 
with  his  two  sons,  Allen  and  John,  settled  in  the  western  part  of  Lynn 
and  was  alloted  two  hundred  acres  in  a  division  of  the  town  lands  in  1638. 
This  section  of  the  town  became  known  as  "Breed's  End",  a  name  still 
attaching  to  it,  Allen  Breed  being  one  of  its  largest  land  owners.  He  was 
the  ancestor  of  all  of  his  name  in  America. 

Mr.  Breed  s  grandfather,  Daniel,  established  a  successful  coal  business 
in  Lynn,  in  which  he  was  succeeded  by  his  son  William  N.,  and  the 
latter's  son,  George  Herbert,  succeeded  his  father  in  the  business.  To 
this  coal  business*  he  devoted  his  entire  active  commercial  life. 

Mr.  Breed  was  an  interested  participant  in  the  promotion  of  many  of 
Lynn's  activities,  and  served  as  a  director  and  clerk  of  the  Board  of 
Directors  of  the  Security  Trust  Company,  as  a  trustee  of  the  Lynn 
Institution  for  Savings,  and  of  the  Lynn  Hospital  Corporation,  and  as 
chairman  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  First  Universalist  Church.  He 
was  a  former  president  of  the  Oxford  Club,  was  secretary  and  treasurer 
of  the  Budget  Club,  was  clerk  and  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Directors  of 
the  Lynn  Storage  Warehouse  Company,  and  an  officer  of  the  Lynn 
Chamber  of  Commerce.  He  was  also  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts 
Society  of  Colonial  Wars,  Old  Essex  Chapter,  Sons  of  the  American 
Revolution,  and  of  the  Lynn  Historical  Society,  joining  Apr.  27,  1918. 
He  was  a  32d.  Degree  Mason,  and  a  Knight  Templar.  He  was  elected 
president  of  the  Breed  Family  Association  while  on  a  tour  of  Europe  in 
the  summer  of  1924,  but  did  not  live  to  take  up  the  duties,  as  he  died 
suddenly  Jan.  27,1925. 

♦Daniel   Breed,  1827;  William    N.    Breed,  abt.    1858;  William    N.    Breed  &  Co.,  1873; 
Sprague  &  Breed  Coal  Co.,  1894;  Sprague,  Breed,  Stevens  &  Newhall,  1910. 


12  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

From  his  connection  with  these  many  organizations,  it  will  be  seen 
how  varied  were  his  interests;  he  was  also  a  home  loving  man,  of  strict 
integrity,  faithful  in  his  engagements,  dependable,  capable,  conscientious, 
discreet,  and  a  valued  citizen. 

Mr.  Breed  married,  Dec.  3,  1895,  Edith  Hortense  Gove,  daughter  of 
William  H.  and  Isabella  (Johnson)  Gove,  of  Nahant,  who  survives  him 
with  two  daughters,  Helen  May  (Mrs.  Malcolm  Thomson),  and  Edith 
Sutton  (Mrs.  Harold  Warren),  and  a  son  William  Johnson  Breed,  and 
four  grandchildren. 

The  Breed  genealogy  comes  down  from  Allen^  Breed,  b.  1601,  settled 

in  Lynn  1630,  d.  Mar.  17,   16901.     Allen^  m.  before  1660,  Mary , 

d.  30:9m:  1671.  Samuel^,  b.  25:7m:  1669,  d.  Feb.,  1755;  m.  Feb.  5, 
1691-2,  Anna  Hood.  Samuel*,  b.  Nov.  ii,  1692,  d.  at  Nahant,  May  14, 
1768;  m.  Deliverance  Basset,  Jan.  25,  1719-20.  Nehemiah^,  b.  Sept.  19, 
1736,  d.  Mar.  23,  1809;  m.  Jan.  2,  1759,  Abigail  Breed,  d.  (bur.)  Sept.  2, 
1763.  Williame,  b.  Sept.  21,  1759,  d.  May  7,  1819;  m.  Hannah  Basset 
32  :9m:  1784.  Daniel,  b.  Jan.  14,  1788,  d.  Sept.  21,  1858;  m.  Abigail 
Newhall  18  :iom  :  1820.  William  Nehemiah^,  b.  1825,  d.  June  9,  1873  ;  m. 
Nov.  24,  1857,  Caroline  Augusta  Horton.     George  Herbert^. 


LYDIA  ADELAIDE  BREED 

To  teach  and  guide  the  youth  of  two  generations  covering  a  period  of 
service  of  forty  years,  to  witness  the  development  into  mature  life  of  the 
fathers  and  mothers  of  the  earlier  generation,  and  to  note  the  satisfactory 
results  of  the  teacher's  counsel  and  training,  is  only  an  occasional 
experience  in  the  life  of  a  public  school  teacher.  Such,  however,  was  the 
experience  of  Lydia  Adelaide  Breed  and,  in  her  desire  to  faithfully 
render  the  required  service  to  the  city  and  to  conscienciously  prepare  her 
scholars  for  their  after  years  by  developing  the  personal  qualities  of 
application  and  persistency  and,  above  all,  intelligence,  she  worked  early 
and  late.  Especially  was  her  influence  exerted  to  induce  her  scholars  to 
continue  their  school  education  to  the  higher  schools  of  learning  and  to 
the  mental  training  of  maturer  years. 

After  graduating  from  the  Lynn  High  School,  she  taught  for  a  short 
time  in  Scituate,  but  soon  returned  to  Lynn,  and  began  teaching  in  the 
Red  Rock  Street  School  in  1869;  she  was  transferred  the  same  year  to  the 
Ingalls  Grammar  School,  and  resigned  in  1909  because  of  failing  sight. 
That  her  work  was  successful,  was  seen  in  the  esteem  of  the  school 
authorities  and  of  the  parents  of  her  scholars,  and  in  the  love  of  those 
whom  she  taught.     Many  an  attention  shown  by  her  pupils  during  her 


LYDIA    ADELAIDE    BREED 


MEMOIRS  13 

long  sickness  of  ten  years  were  witnesses  of  this  appreciation.  Said  a 
one-time  private  pupil, — "Her  service  was  as  near  real  service  to 
humanity  as  it  is  possible  to  find.  I'll  never  forget  how,  when  I  was  in 
the  ninth  grade,  she  really  brought  my  attention  to  the  fact  that  I  had  a 
head  on  my  shoulders  and  was  expected  to  use  it.  And  there  are 
unquestionably  a  great  many  people  in  Lynn  who  profited  a  great  deal  by 
her  teaching, — because  she  was  an  expert  teacher." 

As  a  teacher  in  our  public  schools,  Miss  Breed  occupied  a  position  of 
respect  and  confidence,  and  her  spirit  of  helpfulness,  in  aiding  the 
younger  members  of  the  teaching  force  over  the  difficulties  attending 
their  advent  into  the  profession,  won  from  them  many  expressions  of 
gratitude.  She  was  an  enthusiastic  teacher  and  loved  her  work  and, 
during  her  long  sickness,  did  not  give  up  the  hope  that  she  might  return 
to  it. 

But,  important  to  her  as  was  her  daily  work,  her  interest  was  never 
limited  to  that  work.  Before  ever  a  thought  of  being  a  teacher  had 
suggested  itself  to  her,  we  find  her,  while  yet  in  her  teens,  engaged  in 
volunteer  service  instructing  the  unschooled,  in  an  evening  school 
gathered  by  the  late  William  Lloyd  Garrison,  Jr.  A  little  later,  she  filled 
a  similar  position  in  an  unattached  mission  Sunday  School  conducted  by 
the  late  Jabez  Wood,  the  first  president  of  the  Lynn  Young  Men's 
Christian  Association. 

Her  interest  in  those  who,  from  advanced  years,  were  shut  in  from 
former  activities  in  life,  was  a  marked  characteristic,  and  many  there 
were  whose  declining  years  were  cheered  by  her  sympathetic  attentions. 
Her  outlook  on  the  current  events  of  the  day  was  seen  in  her  intense 
interest  in  every  great  movement  of  our  armies  during  the  Civil  War. 
When  the  franchise  was  granted  to  women  to  serve  on,  and  vote  for  the 
School  Board,  she  was  among  the  first  to  register.  She  had  travelled 
extensively  in  Europe  and,  as  chairman  of  the  Travel  Class  of  the  Out- 
look Club  of  this  city  (of  which  Club  she  was  later  made  an  honorary 
member)  she  planned  several  successful  seasons. 

She  was  a  communicant  of  St.  Stephen's  Episcopal  Church  and  as  a 
teacher  in  its  Church  School  her  work  was  marked  by  faithfulness  and 
success.  She  was,  for  a  number  of  years,  the  Secretary  of  the  Girl's 
Friendly  Society  of  that  Parish  and  exerted  a  beneficial  influence  on  its 
members,  possessing  their  love  and  esteem.  She  was  active  in  the  form- 
ation of  the  Lynn  Teachers  Club,  of  which  she  was  treasurer  for  some 
years,  and  joined  the  Lynn  Historical  Society  Feb.  20,  1900. 

Miss  Breed  was  of  the  eighth  generation  from  Allen^  Breed,  her  emi- 
grant ancestor  of  1630.  She  was  the  fifth  child  of  James  Albert  and  Lydia 
Webb  Breed,  and  was  born  in  Lynn,  June  2,  1845,  in  the  same  house 
(now  No.  19  Nahant  Street),    in   which  she  died,   Dec.    12,    1925.    The 


14  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

house  was  built  by  her  grandfather,  and  is  one  of  the  few  old  houses  still 
in  possession  of  the  descendants.  Her  ancestral  line  was  Alleni,  Allen^, 
Samuel^,  Jabez*,  Amos^,  James**,  James  Albert''  Lydia  Adelaide*. 


WEBSTER   BRUCE 

Webster  Bruce,  the  son  of  Daniel  Cresap  and  Ann  Frost  Bruce,  was 
born  at  Frostburg,  Maryland,  June  28,  1854,  and  died  in  Lynn,  May  26, 
1924.  When  hejwas  about  seven  years  old,  the  family  moved  to  Baltimore, 
where  he  received  his  early  education,  finishing  at  the  Maryland  Agricul- 
tural College.  He  then  entered  the  U.  S.  Revenue  Service,  remaining  in 
it  till  about  1881  when  he  became  clerk  in  the  First  National  Bank  of  Cum- 
berland, Maryland,  residing  there  until  1897.  Mr.  Bruce  then  came  to 
Newtonville,  Massachusetts,  for  a  year,  but  in  1898,  he  removed  to  Lynn 
where  he  was  engaged  in  the  Incandescent  Lamp  business. 

Mr.  Bruce  held  membership  in  the  Society  of  Colonial  Wars,  the 
Sons  of  the  American  Revolution,  being  vice-president  and  director  of  the 
Massachusetts  society,  and  treasurer  of  Old  Essex  Chapter,  also  a  member 
of  the  Oxford  Club  and  the  Episcopalian  Club  of  Boston.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Episcopal  Church,  having  been  clerk  and  junior  Warden 
of  Emanuel  Church,  Cumberland,  Md.,  as  well  as  holding  the  same  offices 
in  St.  Stephen's  Church,  Lynn.  He  joined  the  Lynn  Historical  Society 
Sept.  1 8,  191 1. 

On  June  19,  1879,  he  was  married  at  Cumberland,  Md.,  to  Laura 
Shriver  and  had  two  daughter,  one  dying  in  infancy,  the  other  Frances 
Shriver,  surviving  him,  with  his  wife. 

Charles^  Bruce  his  great,  great  grandfather,  emigrated  from  Scotland 
and  settled  in  Virginia.  He  was  the  son  of  Robert  Bruce,  Earl  of  Sils- 
bury,  who  married  Diana,  daughter  of  the  Earl  of  Stamford.  Andrew* 
Bruce  was  elected  member  of  the  Committee  of  Observation  for  Frederick 
County,  Md.,  1775,  was  also  a  member  of  the  committee  for  Pipe's  Creek 
Hundred  to  solicit  subscriptions  for  the  purchase  of  arms  and  ammuni- 
tion, per  order  of  the  Provincial  Convention.  Thomas  Cresap,  another 
ancestor,  was  also  a  member  of  the  Committee  of  Observation,  delegate  to 
the  Maryland  Convention,  1775,  member  of  the  Ohio  Company  and  laid 
out  Braddock's  Road  in  the  Indian  Wars.  Meschek  Frost,  also  an  ancestor, 
discovered  Georges  Creek  Cumberland  coal.  Frostburg,  Maryland,  is 
named  for  him,  See  Lynn  Historical  Society  genealogies,  Nos.  lai, 
laia.b,  c. 


MARY     ADA     ILAMPERI     B  U  B  I  t  R 


MEMOIRS  15 

MARY  ADA    (LAMPER)  BUSIER 

Mary  Ada  (Lamper)  Bubier,  daughter  of  Joseph  Brown  and  Mary 
Gardner  (Wright)  Lamper,  was  born  Apr.  8,  1852,  in  the  house  which 
then  stood  at  the  corner  of  Mulberry  and  Union  Streets,  Lynn. 

She  attended  the  public  schools  and  then  Miss  Boynton's  private 
school  in  Lynn  and  graduated  from  Rev.  Dr.  Gannett's  school  in  Boston. 
Her  religious  interests  were  with  the  Unitarian  Church.  Ill  health  pre- 
vented her  from  taking  part  in  social  or  club  life,  but  much  time  and 
thought  were  given  to  friends,  and  those  in  need. 

On  Sept.  22,  1874,  she  married  Samuel  Arthur  Bubier,  son  of  Hon. 
Samuel  Mansfield  and  Mary  Wallace  (Todd)  Bubier  and  had  three  children, 
Arthur  Lamper  Bubier,  who  died  Dec.  17,  1917,  Harriet  Atherton  (Mrs. 
Sven  R.  Bergman)  and  Josephine  Adelaide  Bubier,  who  survive  her.  A 
long  illness  ended  in  her  death  Jan.  24,  1924. 

The  original  family  name  was  Lamprey,  the  emigrant  ancestor 
settling  in  the  neighborhood  of  Hampton  and  Rye,  New  Hampshire,  but 
this  was  changed  to  Lamper  by  Mr.  John  B.  Lamper's  grandfather  or 
great  grandfather.  Another  emigrant  ancestor  was  Thomas  Gardner, 
"Planter,"  who  came  to  Gloucester  in  1624  and  settled  in  Salem  in  1628. 

Mrs.  Bubier  joined  the  Lynn  Historical  Society  on  Apr.  23,  1897,  as  a 
charter  member. 


MARY  ADELAIDE  BUBIER 

Mary  Adelaide  Bubier,  daughter  of  Hon.  Samuel  Mansfield  and  Mary 
Wallace  (Todd)  Bubier,  was  born  in  Lynn,  July  i,  1846,  and  received  her 
education  in  the  Lynn  public  schools.  She  always  had  a  deep  interest  in 
the  welfare  of  the  school  children,  and  this  was  manifested  by  her 
membership  on  the  Lynn  School  Committee  in  1872.  On  the  granting 
of  suffrage  to  women,  she  identified  herself  with  the  Republican  party. 
She  was  a  member  of  the  Central  Congregational  Church  and  the  Ladies 
Aid  Society,  of  the  North  Shore  Club,  and  on  April  27,  1907  joined  the 
Lynn  Historical  Society.     She  died  Dec.  27,  1924. 

Miss  Bubier's  father,  Hon.  Samuel  Mansfield  Bubier,  was  the  fifteenth 
Mayor  of  Lynn,  being  elected  twice  to  that  oflice,  his  inaugurations 
taking  place  on  Jan.  i,  1877  and  Jan.  7,  1878.  Her  mother  belonged  to 
the  Todd  family  of  Topsfield.  The  Bubier  line  of  descent  is  from  Joseph 
Bubier,  of  Marblehead  and  it  is  traced  in  detail  in  the  memoir  of  Frederick 
Louis  Bubier,  in  The  Historical  Society  Register,  Number  23,  Part  II. 


l6  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 


MARY   ELLA   (STAGEY)   BUBIER 

Mary  Ella  (Stacey)  Bubier,  wife  of  Frederick  Louis  Bubier,  was  born 
on  Portland  Street,  Lynn,  Mar.  28,  1853,  the  daughter  of  Thomas  and 
Hannah  Maria  (Johnson)  Stacey.  She  attended  the  Lynn  public  schools 
graduating  from  the  High  School  in  the  Class  of  1872.  She  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  North  Shore  Club,  the  Political  Science  Club,  the  Lynn  His- 
torical Society,  which  she  joined  on  Dec.  30,  1901,  was  a  regular  attendant 
at  the  First  Universalist  Church  and  was  affiliated  with  the  Pullman 
Mission  of  that  Parish. 

On  June  20,  1877,  she  married  Frederick  Louis  Bubier,  of  Lynn,  the 
son  of  Hon.  Samuel  Mansfield  and  Mary  Wallace  (Todd)  Bubier,  and  had 
four  children, — Wallace,  b.  June  11,  1878,  d.  June  11,  1878;  Thomas 
Stacey,  b.  Jan.  15,  1S81  ;  Samuel  Mansfield,  2nd.,  b.  Feb.  27,  1882,  d. 
July  13,  1882;  Frederick  Charles,  b.  Sept.  30,  1892.  Politically,  she  was 
a  Republican. 

Mrs.  Bubier  died  at  her  home,  23  Lafayette  Park,  on  Oct.  9,  1924. 
Her  mother  was  born  in  Beverly  Apr.  8,  1826,  the  daughter  of  Joseph,  Jr. 
and  Joanna  Ellingwood  (Green)Johnson,  and  the  line  of  descent  follows  : — 

James^  Johnson,  b.  1607,  came  from  the  Port  of  London  to  Boston,  in 
the  ship  "Amitie,"  Oct.,  1635;  m.  Abigail,  dau.  of  Elder  Thomas  Oliver. 
Samuel-,  b.  1650;  m.  Phoebe,  dau.  of  Edward  Burton,  of  Hingham. 
Jonathan^,  b.  1682;  m.  Sarah,  dau.  of  Joseph  Mansfield,  at  Lynn,  May  30, 
1710.  Jonathan,  Jr.*,  b.  Dec.  3,  1723,  d.  at  Nahant  1801;  m.  (3)  Ann 
Alley,  widow  of  Thomas  Williams,  and  dau.  of  Benjamin  and  Rebecca 
(Hood)  Alley.  Joseph^,  b.  Feb.  12,  1776,  d.  June  8,  1854;  m.  (i)  Mary, 
dau.  of  Francis  Cox,  of  Salem.  Joseph,  Jr.*',  b.  Lynn  Jan.  5,  1798;  m. 
(i)  Joanna  Ellingwood  Green,  who  d.  Dec.  31.  1844.  Hannah  Maria'^,  b. 
Beverly  Apr.  8,  1826,  d.  Lynn  Dec.  3,  1910;  m.  Thomas  Stacey,  of  Lynn, 
Nov.  29,  1849.     Mary  Ella^. 

Other  details  are  given  in  the  memoir  of  Mrs.  Thomas  Stacey,  in 
Lynn  Historical  Society  Register,  No.  15,  1910. 


WILLIAM  ABBOTT   BURRILL 

William  Abbott  Burrill,  the  son  of  Otis  and  Sarah  Tarbell  (Abbott) 
Burrill,  was  born  July  28,  1855,  in  the  house  44  Hanover  Street,  Lynn, 
where  he  always  made  his  home,  and  where,  after  a  short  illness,  he  died 
June  3,  1925. 

Mr.  Burrill  was  educated  in  the  public  and  private  schools  of  Lynn. 
As  a  young  man,  he  was  for  three  years  junior  member  in  th,^  stitching 
firm  of  C.  S.  Adams  &  Company,  and  for  the  next  two  years     as  junior 


WILLIAM    ABPoTT    BURRILL 


CHARLES    IRVING    BURROWS 


MEMOIRS  17 

member  in  the  H.  S.  Johnson  Company,  leather  clothing.  The  next  ten 
years  were  spent  with  the  Bubier  Laboratory,  and  from  1898  to  1925,  he 
was  connected  with  the  New  England  Laboratory,  of  which  he  was 
treasurer.     Many  of  the  products  of  this  latter  firm  bore  his  name. 

Although  not  active  in  politics,  he  was  a  member  of  the  Republican 
party,  and  was  closely  identified  with  the  Independent  Order  of  Odd 
Fellows,  Damascus  and  Mt.  Carmel  Lodges,  A.  F.  and  A.  M.,  Zebulon 
Council,  Royal  and  Accepted  Masons,  Olivet  Commandery,  Sutton  Chap 
ter,  AleppoTemple,  O.M.S.,  and  was  a32nd  degree  Mason.  He  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Swampscott  Ionic  Club,  and  joined  the  Lynn  Historical  Society 
Apr.  27,  1897  as  a  charter  member.  In  Church  life,  he  was  a  member  of 
St.  Paul's  Cathedral,  Boston,  and  of  the  Brotherhood  of  St.  Andrews.  He 
was  a  lover  of  the  finer  things  in  life, — nature,  music,  art,  and  he  was  an 
upright  Christian.  His  generosity  expressed  itself  particularly  in  his 
home,  and  through  his  great  interest  in  young  men. 

Mr.  Burrill  is  survived  by  a  sister,  Miss  Abby  M.  Burrill,  formerly  a 
teacher  of  history  in  the  Lynn  Classical  High  School.  She  made  her 
home  with  him,  and  continues  to  reside  in  the  homestead  on  Hanover 
Street. 

The  line  of  descent  is  as  follows  : — 

George^  Burrill,  b.  in  England,  came  to  Lynn,  1630,  d.  1653;  m.  1626, 
Mary  Cooper,  of  Appley,  b.  1606,  d.  Aug.,  1653.  Lieut.  John^,  b.  Lynn, 
1631,  d.  Apr.  34,  1703;  m.  May  10,  1656,  Lois  Ivory,  b.  1640,  d.  Sept.  5, 
1720.  Hon.  (and  Capt.)  Ebenezer^,  b.  July  13,  1679,  d.  Sept.  6,  1761  ;  m. 
Oct.  13,  1702,  Martha  Farrington,  b.  May  2,  1679,  d.  Aug.  9,  1760.  The- 
ophilus*,  b.  May  21,  1709,  d.  1791  ;  m.  Sept.  24,  1736,  Mary  Hills,  of 
Maiden.  Theophilus'^,  b.  Oct.  30,  1740;  m.  May  3,  1762,  Martha  Newhall, 
b.  Feb  .23,  1742-3.  Benjamin^,  born  Nov.  14,  1774,  d.  June  28,  1841  ;  m. 
Sept.  28,  1806,  Mary  Johnson.  Otis",  b.  Jan.  14,  1809,  d.  Feb.  25,  18S0; 
m.  (i)  July  8,  1836,  Mary  M.  Richardson,  b.  181 1,  d.  Nov.  4.  1839;  m.  (2) 
May  20,  1841,  Sarah  Tarbell  Abbott,  of  Maiden,  b.  Nov.  i,  1816,  d.  April 
14,  1891.  William  Abbott^,  b.  July  29,  1855,  d.  June  3,  1925.  Mr.  Burrill 
had  two  sisters  and  one  brother, — May  Richardson^,  b.  Aug.  24,  1842,  d. 
Nov.  19,  1890;  Abby  Maria^,  b.  Sept.  6,  1845;  George  Bartletl^  b.  Dec.  22 
1848,  d.  Apr.  27,  1867. 


CHARLES  IRVING  BURROWS 
Charles  Irving  Burrows,  the  son  of  Egbert  and  Betsey  Johnson  (Alley) 
Burrows,  was  born  Jan.  17,  1855,  at  69  Market  Street,  Lynn,  and  died  at 
his  home,  90  Ocean  Street,  on  Oct.  16,  1923.     His  father  was  a  retail  shoe 
dealer,  and  formerly  a  residence  of  Trenton,  New  Jersey. 


1 8  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

Mr.  Burrows  attended  our  public  schools,  entered  the  shoe  business, 
and  later  became  Identified  with  the  firm  of  Kimball  Brothers,  shoe 
manufacturers,  removing  with  them  to  Manchester,  New  Hampshire,  as 
superintendent,  and  continuing  until  1904.  While  in  New  Hampshire, 
he  served  as  Representative  in  the  Legislature,  and  achieved  high  Masonic 
honors  in  that  state. 

After  returning  to  Lynn,  he  was  in  1907  elected  a  member  of  the  City 
Council,  serving  three  successive  terms.  In  1912,  he  was  chosen  a 
member  of  the  Lynn  Board  of  Health,  remained  on  the  board  for  five 
years,  and  then  resigned  to  become  a  member  of  the  City  Council  from 
Ward  3,  serving  in  1918  and  1919.  During  this  period,  he  was  deeply 
interested  in  his  work  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  State  Aid. 
Politically,  Mr.  Burrows  was  a  Republican.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Oxford  Club,  Bay  State  Lodge  and  Palestine  Encampment,  I.  O.  O.  F. 
of  the  Improved  Order  of  Red  Men,  the  Benevolent  and  Protective  Order 
of  Elks,  and  of  the  Lynn  Historical  Society,  which  he  joined  Dec.  20, 
1915.  He  was  a  32nd  degree  Mason,  and  his  religion  affiliations  were 
with  the  First  Methodist  Church. 

In  February,  1900,  Mr.  Burrows  married  Dr.  Marion  Cowan,  of 
Lynn,  who  was  then  City  Chemist.  She  was  born  in  Scranton, 
Pennsylvania,  the  daughter  of  James  and  Jane  (Cary)  Cowan,  both  of 
whom  were  born  in  Scotland. 

Mr.  Burrows  was  descended  from  Hugh  Alley,  who  came  to  Lynn  In 
1635,  in  the  ship  "Abigail''.  The  line  is  as  follows  : —  Hugh^,  b.  England 
abt.  1608,  d.  25:11m:  1673;  m.  Mary  Graves,  d.  after  1674.  Hugh-,  b. 
Lynn  Oct.  15,  1653,  d.  abt.  1722  ;  m.  Dec.  9,  1681,  Rebecca  Hood,  b.  Feb. 
7,  1663,  d.  Dec.  9,  1745.  Joseph^,  b.  Lynn  June  22,  1693,  m.  (1) 
Hepzibah  Newhall  Jan.  14,  1724-5.  Joseph,  Jr.*,  b.  Lynn  Sept.  7.  1728, 
d.  Nov.  1783;  m.  Rebecca  Hall  Nov.  12,  1751.  Joseph,  2nd^,  captain,  b. 
Lynn  Mar.  1755,  d.  Feb.  10,  1832;  m.  Dec.  13,  1781,  Hannah  Batcheler, 
b.  Sept.  17,  1759,  dau.  of  Henry  and  Jerusha  (Breed)  Batcheler.  Joseph, 
3rd.'',  b.  Lynn  Jan.  19,  17S8,  d.  Jan.  17,  1862  ;  m.  July  28,  1812,  Rebecca 
Johnson,  b.  Oct.  9,  1792.  Betsey  Johnson",  b.  Lynn  Nov.  10,  1815,  d. 
Aug.  16,  i860;  m.  Aug.  27,  1843,  Egbert  Burrows,  b.  Trenton,  N.J.  Feb. 
15,  1813,  d.  Lynn  Aug.  26,  1880.     Charles  Irving  Burrows^. 

Another  line  is  through  Richard^  Johnson,  came  from  England  to 
Watertown  in  1630,  to  Lynn  in  1638.  Samuel^,  b.  1640,  d.  1723. 
Richard^,  b.  1674,  d.  1754.  Captain  Samuel*,  b.  Mar.  17,  1708-9,  will 
proved  Jan.  7,  1772;  m.  Apr.  4,  1731,  Ruth  Holton,  b.  Jan.  24,  1712-13, 
will  proved  May  20,  1785.  Joseph^,  ("Tavern  Jo")  b.  Feb.  2,  1756,  d. 
Jan.  17,  1826;  m.  Dec.  16,  1783,  Rebecca  Ingalls,  b.  Dec.  30,  1759,  dau.  of 
Jacob  Ingalls,  of  Lynn,  and  Mary  Tucker,  of  Marblehead.  Rebecca",  m. 
Joseph  Alley,  3rd,  as  above. 


MEMOIRS  19 

For  the  Revolutionary  records  of  Joseph  Alley,  Jr.,  Jacob  Ingalls  and 
Joseph  Johnson,  see  "Lynn  in  the  Revolution,"  by  Howard  Kendall 
Sanderson— Mrs.  Sanderson,  Vol.  I,  pp.  190,  191,  Vol.  II,  pp.  314,  315. 
and  324,  325,  respectively. 


SARAH  MARIA  (NEWHALL)  CALDWELL 

Sarah  Maria  (Newhall)  Caldwell  was  born  in  Lynn  Jan.  i,  1856,  the 
daughter  of  Isaac  and  Sarah  (Graves)  Newhall  of  Ipswich.  She  attended 
the  Lynn  public  schools,  Wilbraham  Academy  and  the  Curry  School  of 
Expression  in  Boston.  She  married,  in  1890,  Col.  Luther  Caldwell  of 
Elmira,  N.  Y.,  and  Washington,  D.  C,     She  died  in  Lynn  Aug.  10,  1924. 

After  her  marriage,  she  lived  in  Washington  for  thirteen  years, 
where  she  had  very  interesting  experiences,  entertaining  at  her  borne 
many  distinguished  people.  Mrs.  Caldwell  spent  much  time  in  travel, 
crossing  the  continent  fourteen  times  and  visiting  many  places  of 
interest  in  the  East  and  West,  spending  six  winters  in  California.  She 
was  a  member  of  the  First  M.  E.  Church,  active  in  its  missionary 
Societies  and  received  much  pleasure  from  her  wide  acquaintance  among 
its  clergymen.  From  1S90  to  1900,  she  developed  much  real  estate  in 
the  eastern  part  of  Lynn.  During  the  last  eighteen  years,  her  courage 
and  optimism  were  noteworthy  as  she  continued  her  travels  in  spite  of 
increasing  helplessness. 

Through  her  great  grandfather  Daniel  Newhall,  who  was  2nd 
Lieutenant  in  the  American  Revolution,  she  was  a  member  of  the  D.A.R. 
See  genealogy  in  Memoir  of  her  brother,  Hon.  George  Henry  Newhall. 
She  joined  the  Lynn  Historical  Society  Mar.  26,  1901. 


GEORGE   ALEXANDER   CREIGHTON 

George  Alexander  Creighton  was  born  in  Warren,  Maine,  Sept.  10, 
1844,  the  son  of  George  Young  and  Keziah  (Creighton)  Creighton,  and 
died  in  Lynn,  May  3,  1925.  He  attended  the  public  schools  of  Warren, 
living  there  till  eighteen  years  of  age  when  he  went  to  sea  for  a  year, 
afterwards  settling  in  Lynn  and  entering  the  shoe  industry,  at  first  as  a 
worker  and  then  becoming  a  successful  manufacturer. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  Oxford  Club,  the  Park  Club,  Tedesco 
Country  Club,  I.O.O.F.,  was  one  of  the  charter  directors  of  the  Lynn 
Safe  Deposit  and  Trust  Company  and  was  at  one  time  a  member  of  the 
Park  Club.  He  joined  the  Lynn  Historical  Society  Aug.  18,  1913.  His 
political  affiliations  were  with  the  Republican  party.  For  many  years  he 
was  a  regular  attendant  at  the  Washington  Street  Baptist  Church. 


20  LYXN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

Mr.  Crelghton  was  married  in  Lynn,  Oct.  i8,  1877,10  Ella  H.,  daugh- 
ter of  Silas  and  Hannah  D.  Martin,  who  survives  him  with  his  three 
children — Albert  Morton,  Bessy  E.  and  Edith  (Mrs.  R.  W.)  Armstrong. 

David  Creighton,  Mr.  Creighton's  great,  great,  grandfather,  one  of 
the  first  Scotch  Irish  settlers,  removed  to  Warren,  Maine,  and  was  killed 
by  the  Indians  in  the  war  of  1744  at  the  old  fort  at  Thomaston,  Maine. 
Four  of  his  ancestors  fought  in  the  Revolution, — his  great  grandfather, 
Samuel  Creighton,  son  of  David,  his  great,  great  grandfather,  Capt.  John 
Mclntire,  born  1724  and  died  1796,  another  great,  great,  grandfather 
Francis  Young,  a  corporal,  and  his  great,  great,  great  grandfather 
Alexander  Kelloch  who  was  a  second  lieutenant. 


HANNAH  LIZZIE  (ALLEY)  FALLS 

Hannah  Lizzie  (Alley)  Falls,  the  daughter  of  Amos  E.  and  Margaret 
Alley,  was  born  in  Lynn  Aug.  28,  1856.  She  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools  of  the  city  and  graduated  from  the  Lynn  High  School.  On  Oct. 
28,  1885,  she  married  Henry  Bacon  Falls,  son  of  John  Q^  and  Martha  P. 
(Waitt)  Falls,  and  had  two  children,  Hannah  L.,  born  July  29,  1887,  died 
Aug  1,  1887,  and  Amos  Alley,  born  Dec.  9,  1888.     She  died  July  2,  1925. 

For  many  years,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Falls  resided  at  11  Sachem  Street, 
Lynn,  and  had  a  summer  home  on  Salem  Street,  Lynnfield,  but  in  the 
fall  of  1924,  they  transferred  their  permanent  residence  to  Lynnfield. 

Mrs.  Falls  was  affiliated  with  the  First  Universalist  Parish  of  Lynn, 
was  a  regular  church  attendant,  and  was  also  a  member  of  the  Chapin 
Club  of  the  Parish.  In  the  later  years,  she  was  a  member  of  the  Ladies 
Circle,  of  Lynnfield,  and  had  spent  a  delightful  hour  with  them  the  after- 
noon before  she  passed  away.  She  joined  the  Lynn  Historical  Society 
Nov.  19,  1906,  and  became  a  life  member  Mar.  17,  1913.  Mr.  Falls  con- 
tinues his  home  in  Lynnfield,  his  son  and  family  making  their  home 
nearby. 


ELIZABETH   LINCOLN  (STODDARD)  GREELEY 

Elizabeth  Lincoln  (Stoddard)  Greeley  was  born  in  Cohasset,  Mass., 
the  daughter  of  Lincoln  and  Elizabeth  Towle  Stoddard,  June  19,  1847. 
She  was  married  May  i,  1865,  to  George  Hiram  Greeley  (compiler  of  the 
Greely  —  Greeley  Genealogy)  of  East  Boston,  where  they  lived  many 
years  before  coming  to  Lynn  in  1911.  They  had  one  daughter,  Nellie 
Florence,  born  Nov.  10,  1866,  who  died  Feb.  7,  1892.  Mrs.  Greeley  was  a 
member  of  the  Bethel  Methodist  Church  of  East  Boston,  and  she  joined 
the  Lynn  Historical  Society  May  19,  1913.  She  died  in  Lynn  Apr.  23,  1923. 


HANNAH     LIZZIE    (ALLEY)    FALLS 


Hon.    ROLLIN    E     HARMON 


MEMOIRS  21 

Four  of  Mrs.  Greeley's  ancestors  came  over  in  the  Ma^-flower,— John 
and  Elizabeth  Howland,  and  John  and  Elizabeth  Tillej.  Among  other 
emigrant  ancestors  were  John  Stoddard,  Israel  Nichols,  Caleb  Beal, 
Samuel  Lincoln  (from  whom  President  Lincoln  was  descended)  Ibrook 
Tower,  Edward  Oakes,  Thomas  Pincin,  Joseph  Lothrop  and  James 
Gorham.  Those  serving  in  the  Revolution  were  James''  Stoddard,  Major 
of  Militia,  who  was  also  in  the  Boston  Tea  Party ;  Thomas*  Lothrop, 
Lieutenant  Colonel,  who  held  many  public  offices;  Daniel^  Nichols. 
Thomas^  Oakes  was  sent  to  England  as  special  agent  and  assisted  in  pro- 
curing the  Province  charter  for  Massachusetts,  after  the  abrogation  of  the 
Colony  charter,  and  Urian^  Nichols  was  in  the  French  and  Indian  War, 
as  was  Thomas*  Lothrop. 

The  Stoddard  line  runs— John^  Samuel-,  Jeremiah^,  Jeremiah*,  James^ , 
James6,William  HJ,  Lincoln^,  Elizabeth  Lincoln^. 


HON.  ROLLIN  E.  HARMON 

Hon.  Rollin  E.  Harmon  was  born  Jan.  12,  1845,  at  Adams,  Mass.,  and 
died  at  Lynn,  Mass.,  Nov.  10,  1923. 

His  family  on  both  sides  (Harmon-Briggs)  had  been  long  rooted  in 
this  country.  Francis  Harmon,  his  emigrant  ancestor,  came  over  from 
England  in  1635.  His  father,  Nathan  Williams  Harmon,  moved  from 
Adams  to  Lawrence,  Mass.,  where  he  practised  law  and  became  Judge  of 
the  Municipal  Court. 

While  he  himself  was  a  lad  in  the  teens,  he  served  in  the  Civil  War 
as  a  soldier  of  the  Fourth  Massachusetts  Regiment.  He  graduated  from 
Williams  College  in  the  class  of  1867  and  studied  law  in  his  father's 
office.  He  began  his  practice  of  law  in  Lynn,  where  in  1876  he  married 
Maria  Olivia  Batchelder.  Nature  had  endowed  him  with  a  mind  of 
uncommon  quality,  with  keen  insight,  retentive  memory,  and  the  rare 
gift  of  sound  judgment.  His  gifts  and  his  innate  capacity  for  pains- 
taking, persistent  work  soon  earned  recognition,  and  for  more  than  half 
a  century  he  occupied  positions  of  large  responsibility,  where  he  served 
his  community  with  wisdom  and  generous  fidelity. 

After  successful  service  as  Judge  of  the  Municipal  Court  at  Lynn,  he 
was  made  Judge  of  the  Probate  Court  of  Essex  County  and  served  in  that 
capacity  for  nearly  thirty  years,  handling  with  equal  ability  affairs 
involving  large  money-values  and  affairs  involving  intricate  problems  of 
human  nature. 

For  fifty  years  he  had  a  steadily  increasing  share  in  the  administra- 
tion of  the  Five  Cents  Savings  Bank  of  Lynn,  beginning  as  one  of  the 
corporators  and  becoming  successively  a  trustee,  a  member  of  the  Board 


22  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

of  Investment,  Vice-President  and  President.  This  long  period  of 
community  service  on  iiis  part  was  the  practical  expression  of  his  strong 
conviction  that  it  was  fundamentally  important  to  teach  average  people 
habits  of  thrift,  enabling  them  to  advance  along  the  wholesome  road  of 
self-help. 

Both  lines  of  work,  the  legal  and  the  financial,  brought  Judge 
Harmon  Intimate  knowledge  of  the  perplexities  and  burdens  of  everyday 
people  under  difficult  conditions.  His  sympathetic  comprehension  was 
unfailing,  especially  when  the  problems  were  those  of  very  new 
Americans.  His  tireless  interest  and  ripe  judgment  were  always  at  the 
service  of  such  foreign-born  fellow  citizens. 

He  knew  his  city,  his  state,  his  country.  He  saw  deeply  into  the 
meaning  of  world  affairs.  Such  knowledge  gave  him  outstanding  rank 
as  a  citizen  whose  opinion  was  always  valued,  and  whose  far-sighted 
•wisdom  in  public  matters  was  little  short  of  prophetic. 

Judge  Harmon's  tastes  in  recreation  were  for  books  and  for  the 
quieter  and  more  leisurely  out-of-door  sports — fishing  and  camping. 
His  naturally  lovable  disposition,  his  never-failing  sense  of  humor,  and 
his  rare  gift  for  telling  stories  made  him  a  delightful  and  appreciated 
friend.  Along  with  all  this,  well-read  as  few  professional  or  business 
men  are  today,  to  a  broad  and  deep  knowledge  of  the  best  secular 
literature,  he  added  a  singularly  intimate  knowledge  and  enjoyment  of 
the  Bible.  Religion  was  a  frankly  real  thing  in  his  life.  Sturdy, 
unassuming,  serene,  full  of  faith  and  full  of  good  works,  he  was  for  many 
years  an  active  member  of  St.  Stephen's  Episcopal  Church  at  Lynn, 
serving  it  as  he  served  his  community  and  his  country,  with  loyal 
devotion.  He  joined  the  Lynn  Historical  Society  as  a  charter  member 
(Apr.  27,  1897). 

The  Harmon  genealogy  is  traced  from  Francis  Harmon^,  b.  England, 
1592,  John2,  b.  England  1617,  d.  1661.  Joseph=^  b.  Springfield,  Mass., 
1646,  d.  1739.  Nathanial*,  b.  Suffield,  Conn.,  1695,  d.  I774-  Phineas^,  b. 
Suffield,  1720,  d.  1802.  Gaius6,  b.  1756,  d.  1818.  Nathaniel',  b.  1779,  d. 
i860.     Nathan^,  b.  New  Ashford,  Mass.,  1813,  d.  1887,  Rollin  E.* 


HON.  CHARLES   EDWIN    HARWOOD 

Hon.  Charles  Edwin  Harwood,  the  son  of  Jesse  and  Mary  Ann 
(Lidston)  Harwood,  was  born  in  Charlestown,  March  6,  1851.  The  family 
soon  moved  to  Lynn,  where  he  was  educated  in  the  public  schools.  At 
the  age  of  eighteen,  he  entered  upon  his  business  career  in  the  leather 
industry,  and  soon  developed  an  extensive  business,  manufacturing 
Counters  and  heels.     In  the  great  fire  of  1889,  his  factory  was  burned  to 


Hon.    CHARLES    EDWIN    HARWOOD 


MEMOIRS  23 

the  ground,  with  a  great  loss  of  stock  and  material,  but  while  the  ruins 
were  still  smoking,  he  secured  the  old  Electric  Light  building  on  Stuart 
Street,  and  out  of  it  constructed  and  equipped  a  splendid  factory,  where 
the  business  was  carried  on  for  twenty  years.  Finding  need  of  still  larger 
accommodations,  a  fine,  modern,  fireproof  building  was  erected  in  1911, 
of  the  most  approved  construction  for  business  and  especially  arranged 
for  the  health  and  well-being  of  employees. 

Mr.  Harwood  was  early  interested  in  municipal  affairs.  He  was 
elected  to  the  Common  Council  for  1879  and  1880,  was  on  the  Board  of 
Aldermen  in  1889,  and  became  Mayor  of  Lynn  for  1S94  and  1895.  His 
administration  will  be  remembered  for  the  erection  of  the  large,  new  brick 
building  for  the  housing  of  the  poor,  and  the  change  of  name  to  the 
"Lynn  City  Home".  He  served  on  the  Board  of  Overseers  of  the  Poor 
for  over  twelve  years,  and  was  deeply  interested  in  the  welfare  of  those 
less  fortunate.  He  was  president  of  the  Lynn  Republican  Club  and  a 
member  of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce. 

For  over  fifty  years,  Mr.  Harwood  was  a  member  of  Bay  State  Lodge 
of  Odd  Fellows  and  nearly  as  many  years  a  member  of  Golden  Fleece 
Lodge;  also  of  Olivet  Commandery,  Knights  Templar,  and  Aleppo 
Temple,  Mystic  Shrine,  and  a  charter  member  of  Damascus  Lodge.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Park  Club,  and  of  the  Oxford  Club  of  which  he  had 
been  president,  of  the  Lynn  Historical  Society  which  he  joined  Feb.  16, 
1914,  and  was  an  attendant  of  the  First  Universalist  Church,  having 
served  as  one  of  its  trustees.  At  the  time  of  his  death,  April  7,  1924,  he 
was  president  of  the  Lynn  Safe  Deposit  and  Trust  Company,  to  which 
position  he  was  elected  in  1913,  following  the  death  of  Mr.  John  Macnair, 
and  had  been  connected  with  the  Lynn  Five  Cent  Savings  Bank  and  the 
Lynn  National  Bank. 

Without  pretence  or  show,  Mr.  Harwood  honored  whatever  occupa- 
tion he  was  engaged  in.  His  integrity  of  character,  and  the  faithful 
service  he  rendered  to  his  city,  will  remain  a  lasting  tribute  to  his 
memory. 

Mr.  Harwood  married  Nellie  I.  Blaisdell  of  South  Berwick,  Maine, 
daughter  of  Joshua  and  Mindwell  (Joy)  Blaisdell,  who  survives  him  with 
two  children,  Charles  W.  and  Bertha  A.,  wife  of  Arthur  E.  Harris,  M.D. 

The  emigrant  ancestor  was  Andrew  Harwood,  whose  family  had  long 
been  settled  in  the  southern  part  of  Devonshire,  England,  and  who  came 
to  this  country  about  1640.  His  son  Andrew^,  married  Elizabeth  Bowden, 
1648.  James^,  married  Lydia  Barrett,  of  Chelmsford,  Mass.  James*,  and 
wife  Lydia,  lived  in  Littleton  and  Groton.  James^,  married  Ma?-y  Clogs- 
ton,  1757,  and  lived  in  Dunstable,  N.H.  He  served  in  the  French  and 
Indian  wars,  enlisted  as  a  Minute  man  in  1775,  after  the  battle  of  Lexing- 
ton, and  was  at  the  battles  of  Bunker  Hill,  Ticonderoga,  Stillwater  and 


24  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

Saratoga,  and  reached  White  Plains,  where  it  is  said  he  died  of  small-pox 
Dec.  I,  1777.  James^,  also  served  in  the  Revolutionarj  war  and  was  at  the 
battle  of  Bennington  with  his  father  and  older  brother.  He  married 
Patty  Sanders  of  Billerica,  Mass.,  but  settled  at  Unity,  N.  H.  James", 
married  Hannah  Webster  of  Unity,  1810.  Jesse*,  married  Mary  Ann 
Lidston,  and  Charles  Edwin^,  is  the  subject  of  this  sketch. 


EDWIN   WARREN   INGALLS 

Edwin  Warren  Ingalls,  the  son  of  Lucius  and  Martha  (Jarvis) 
Ingalls,  was  born  in  Lynn  Aug.  9,  1858,  receiving  his  education  in  the 
public  schools.  From  young  manhood,  the  greater  part  of  Mr.  Ingalls' 
business  career  was  devoted  to  the  publishing  and  advertising  business, 
first  in  the  office  of  the  Lynn  Record,  then  after  six  years'  service  there,  he 
became  a  reporter  on  the  Boston  Herald ;  later  he  became  a  representative 
of  several  trade  publications.  In  1898,  he  founded  The  Lynn  Review, 
continuing  as  oAvner,  editor  and  publisher  till  his  death.  For  twenty 
years  he  was  a  part  owner  of  the  Shoe  Retailer  and  its  manager  and,  at 
the  time  of  his  death,  vice  president.  He  was  a  frequent  contributor  to 
the  editorial  pages  of  Boston  and  New  York  newspapers  and  magazines. 
At  the  time  of  his  association  with  the  Boston  Herald,  Mr.  Ingalls 
reported  many  important  happenings  in  his  native  city  and  throughout 
Essex  county,  among  them  being  the  great  Lynn  fire  in  1889.  In  1915, 
Mr.  Ingalls  talked  over  the  telephone  from  San  Francisco  to  New  York, 
the  new  trans-continental  hook-up  having  just  been  completed  in  that 
year. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  Middlesex,  Oxford  and  Tedesco  Country 
Clubs,  a  life  member  of  the  American  Unitarian  Association  and  on  the 
board  of  Trustees  of  the  Unitarian  Church.  He  joined  the  Lynn  Histori- 
cal Society  Dec.  14,  1898. 

Mr.  Ingalls  married,  May  15,  1883,  Elmina  Dobbin,  daughter  of  James 
and  Agnes  McBaine  Dobbin,  who  survies  him  with  two  sons  William 
Edwin  and  Arthur  Warren  and  one  daughter  Helen,  now  Mrs.  Edward  F. 
Foye.     He  died  Dec.  28,  1924. 

He  was  a  descendant  in  the  eightli  generation  of  Edmund  Ingalls 
who,  with  his  brother  Francis,  were  the  first  settlers  of  Lynn.  Edmund 
Ingalls,  son  of  Robert  and  grandson  of  Henry  Ingalls,  was  born  at  Skir- 
beck,  Lincolnshire,  England,  about  1598  and  came  to  Salem  in  Governor 
Endicott's  company  in  1628.     With  his  brother  Francis  and  four  others, 

he  commenced  the  settlement  of  Lynn  in   1629.     His  wife  was  Ann  . 

Robert'^,  b.  abt.   1621,  m.  Sarah  Harker,  bur.  Jan.  3.  1698.     Nathaniel^,  b. 
abt.  1660:  m.  Aiine .     JacobS  b.  abt.  1715,  adm.  gr.  1791  ;  m.  Mary 


EDWIN    WARREN     INGALLS 


MEMOIRS  25 

Tucker.  Jacob^,  b.  July  i,  1747,  d.  Jan.  19,  1823;  m.  Martha  Lewis. 
Tacob«,  b.  May  23,  1786,  d.  April  13,  1834;  m.  Rebecca  Brown.  Lucius', 
b.  Nov.  15,  1831,  d.  Oct.  15,  1884;  m.  Martha  Jarvis.  Edwin  Warren*. 
Jacob*,  with  his  son  Jacob^,  thirty-two  years  younger,  fought  in  the 
Revolution. 


THOMAS   CLARKSON  JOHNSON 

Thomas  Clarkson  Johnson,  a  well  known  citizen  and  prominent  in 
the  sole  cutting  business,  was  born  in  Lynn  Dec.  11,  1836,  the  son  of 
Christopher,  Jr.,  and  Antoinette  (Breed)  Johnson.  He  established  the 
firm  of  T.  C.  Johnson  &  Sons,  and  for  many  years  was  its  senior  member. 
He  was  a  staunch  Republican,  an  active  member  of  the  Oxford  Club,  a 
member  of  the  First  Universalist  Parish,  and  of  the  Lynn  Historical 
Society,  which  he  joined  Nov.  17,  1913. 

In  1856,  Mr.  Johnson  married  Mary  Jane  Phillips,  daughter  of  John 
Phillips,  of  Marblehead,  and  Sally  Chase,  and  had  four  children,  three  of 
whom  survive  him, — Otis  Henry,  Sarah  Antoinette,  (Mrs.  Charles  H. 
Conway),  and  Edward  Pickard  Johnson.  He  died  Feb.  12,  1923,  at  his 
home,  202  Ocean  Street,  Lynn.  The  Phillips  home  was  near  the  junction 
of  the  boundary  lines  between  Swampscott,  Marblehead  and  Salem,  on 
property  now  owned  by  the  Tedesco  Country  Club. 

On  his  mother's  side,  Mr.  Johnson  was  descended  from  Allen^  Breed, 

b.  1601,  settled  in  Lynn  in  1630,  d.  Mar.  17,  1690-1  ;  m.  (i) ;  Allen^, 

will  proved  Feb.  11,  1707;  m.  Mary ,  before  1660,  d.  30:9m:  1671. 

SamueF,  b.  25:  7m  :  1669,  d.  1755;  m.  Feb.  5,  1691-2,  Anna  Hood,  b. 
Dec.  13,  1672,  dau.  of  Richard  and  Mary  (Newhall)  Hood.  Benjamin*, 
b.  4:  7m  :  17151  d.  7  :  6m  :  1798;  m.  Nov.  27,  1747,  Ruth  Allen,  of  Mendon, 
b.  17  :8m  :  1724,  d.  Apr.  11,  1811.  Jabez^,  b.  Dec. 7,  1748,  d.  Oct.  13,  1814; 
m.  19:4m,  1775  Mary  Basset,  b.  Nov.  5,  1749,  dau.  of  Daniel  and  Lydia 
(Hood)  Basset.  AsaS  b.  Feb.  23,  1783,  d.  Oct.  27,  1841  ;  m.  (Int)  May  7, 
1809,  Betsey  Nichols,  b.  July  21,  1790,  d.  May  19,  1830.  Antoinette'',  b. 
Jan.  31,  1816,  d.  Jan.  26,  1897 ;  m.  (Int)  Jan.  13,  1833,  Christopher  John- 
son, Jr.,  b.  Oct.  29,  1812,  d.  Oct.  31,  1897,  son  of  Christopher  Johnson, 
of  Marblehead,  whose  family  were  of  Danish  descent;  Thomas  Clarkson 
Johnson^. 


WILLIAM    HENRY   KEENE 

William  Henry  Keene,  the  son  of  Bartholomew  Keene,  was  born  in 
New  York  City,  N.  Y.,  on  Mar.  I2,  1840.  He  came  to  Lynn  in  boyhood 
and  attended  the  Lynn  public  schools.     He  was  married  Feb.  5,   1873,  to 


26  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

Susan  Harriet,  daughter  of  James  Madison  and  Harriet  Augusta  Munroe, 
of  Lynn.  Mrs.  Keene  died  on  Jan.  13,  1881,  leaving,  besides  her  husband, 
three  sons,— Joseph  Davis  born  Jan.  6,  1874,  died  June  17,  1903;  Paul 
Munroe,  born  Aug.  17,  1876,  now  residing  in  Chicago,  Illinois;  Henry 
William,  born  Dec.  20,  1878,  residing  in  Hingham,  Massachusetts.  For 
many  years  the  family  home  was  on  Newhall  Street,  then  they  removed 
to  Breed  Street  and  later  to  Lynn  Shore  Drive.  In  1918,  Mr.  Keene  made 
his  home  with  his  son  Henry,  in  Hingham,  where  he  died  Mar.  13,  1923. 

Mr.  Keene  was  a  member  of  Company  D,  Eighth  Massachusetts 
Volunteer  Infantry,  in  the  Civil  War.  He  enlisted  Apr.  30,  1861,  as  a 
private,  was  promoted  to  Corporal  June  i,  1861,  and  mustered  out  Aug.  1, 
1861  ;  re-enlisted  as  Sergeant  July  16,  1862,  and  mustered  out  Aug.  7,  1863 ; 
re-enlisted  as  3nd  Lieutenant  July  6,  1864,  and  mustered  out  Nov.  10,  1864, 

After  the  war,  he  was  employed  by  Joseph  Davis  in  the  shoe  business, 
and  became  a  partner  in  the  firm,  which  was  later  known  as  the  Davis 
Boot  and  Shoe  Company  and  theThacher  Shoe  Company,  of  Boston. 

He  was  a  life  member  of  Mt.  Carmel  Lodge,  A.  F.  and  A.  M.,  of  the 
Park  and  Oxford  Clubs,  serving  as  president  of  the  latter  in  1899  and 
1900,  of  Massachusetts  Commandery,  Military  Order  of  the  Loyal  Legion 
of  the  United  States,  and  was  at  one  time  a  member  of  the  Algonquin 
Club,  of  Boston.  During  his  long  residence  in  Lynn,  he  was  a  constant 
attendant  at  the  First  Universalist  Church,  and  was  a  former  member  of 
its  Board  of  Trustees.  He  joined  the  Lynn  Historical  Society  on  Dec.  17, 
1906. 


MARY  (BARBERIE)  LEONARD 

Mary  (Barberie)  Leonard  was  born  in  Patten,  Maine,  Aug.  6,  1865, 
the  daughter  of  George  Nathan  and  Ellen  (Guilford)  Barberie.  The 
family  moved  to  Swampscott,  where  she  attended  school,  finishing  her 
education  at  Wheaton  Seminary.  On  June  8,  1887,  she  married  James 
Wilkes  Leonard  and  after  that  resided  in  Lynn.  She  had  four  children, 
three  of  whom,  Hubert  Randolph,  Kathleen  and  Laurence  Barberie,  with 
her  husband,  survive  her. 

Mrs.  Leonard  was  a  member  of  the  North  Shore  Club,  the  Political 
Science  Club,  the  Aid  Society  of  the  Lynn  Day  Nursery,  the  Lynn  His- 
torical Society,  from  July  26,  1909,  and  of  the  Unitarian  Church.  She 
died  in  Lynn  Dec.  8,  1934. 

The  passing  of  Mrs.  Leonard  "was  the  going  away  of  one  of  the  most 
lovable  of  persons.  She  was  a  woman  of  rare  culture  and  beauty  of 
character,  and  to  know  her  was  to  become  acquainted  with  strength  and 
dignity.  Long  sutiering,  she  bore  her  burden  with  Christian  fortitude. 
She  was  of  the  mould  that  makes  the  world  better  and  sweeter." 


MARY     (BARBERIE)     LEONARD 


MEMOIRS  27 


WILLIAM   BRIMBLECOM  LITTLE,  M.  D. 

William  Brimblecom  Little,  M.  D.,  who  died  at  his  home  No.  13 
Nahant  Street,  on  Apr.  30,  1924,  was  born  in  Lynn,  Sept.  24,  1859,  the 
son  of  William  Moses  and  Susan  Lucy  (Brimblecom)  Little.  He  attended 
the  public  schools  in  Lynn  and  Lynnfield,  where  the  family  resided  dur- 
ing his  youth.  Later,  he  attended  the  University  of  Vermont,  graduating 
in  1884,  and  after  serving  at  the  Mary  Fletcher  Hospital  in  Burlington, 
Vermont,  he  returned  to  Lynn  as  the  first  house  physician  of  the  Lynn 
Hospital.  His  connection  with  this  hospital  was  continuous  from  the 
time  of  his  graduation  until  his  death.  On  the  completion  of  his  house 
service,  he  became  Surgeon  to  out-patients,  and  soon  after  Surgeon  on 
the  visiting  staff,  which  position  he  held  for  nearly  forty  years.  To  this 
service,  he  gave  both  time  and  skill,  never  failing  to  give  most  generously 
of  both.  The  success  of  the  Nurses'  Training  School  was  largely  due  to 
his  constant  and  unfailing  interest.  Devoting  much  time  to  teaching,  he 
created  a  high  standard  of  work,  while  he  impressed  upon  his  pupils  the 
worth  and  obligation  of  their  profession.  For  this  service,  we  cannot  be 
too  grateful.     The  hospital  has  gained  much  ;  the  community  more. 

Dr.  Little  established  his  private  practice  in  1885,  and  continued  his 
active  work  until  a  few  months  before  his  death.  He  was  City  Physician 
from  1892  to  1901.  During  the  World  War,  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Volunteer  Medical  Service  Corps.  He  has  contributed  to  the  profession 
many  observations  and  reports  on  surgical  cases. 

Dr.  Little  held  membership  in  the  American  Medical  Association, 
the  Massachusetts  Medical  Society,  Lynn  Medical  Fraternity,  Alumni 
Association  University  of  Vermont,  Richard  W.  Drown  Lodge,  I.O.O.F., 
the  Whiting  Club,  Oxford  Club,  and  the  Lynn  Historical  Society,  which 
he  joined  Jan.  27,  1899.  He  was  baptized  and  confirmed  in  St.  Stephen's 
Memorial  Episcopal  Church.  On  Nov.  3,  1892,  he  was  married  in  Lynn 
to  Mary  Frances  Oliver  (daughter  of  Henry  C.  Oliver),  who  survives 
h'm.     Dr.  Little  was  eighth  in  descent  from, — 

George^  Little,  b.  in  England,  settled  in  Newbury,  1640,  d.  between 
Mar.  15,  1693  and  Nov.  27,  1694,  m.  Alice  Poor,  who  d.  Dec.  i,  1680. 
Moses^,  b.  Newbury  Mar.  11,  1657,  d.  Mar.  8,  1691,  m.  Lydia  Coffin,  b. 
Apr.  22,  1662.  Moses'^,  b.  Feb.  26,  1691,  d.  Oct.  17,  1780,  m.  Feb.  12, 
1716,  Sarah  Jaques,  b.  Sept.  23,  1697,  d.  Nov.  12,  1763.  Paul*,  b.  Apr- 
I,  1740,  d.  Feb.  II,  1818;  he  moved  to  Falmouth,  now  Portland,  Maine, 
in  1761,  and  later  to  Windham,  Maine,  m.  May  20,  1762,  Hannah  Emery, 
of  Newbury,  b.  Feb.  12,  1744,  d.  Sept.  4,  1771.  Paul^,  b.  Aug.  8,  1767 
in  Portland,  Maine,  d.  Jan.  5,  1849,  m.  Mary  Osgood,  b.  Sept.  22,  1772,  d. 
Sept.  16,  1819.     Moses^,  b.  Mar.  5,  1801,  d.  Sept.  12,  1843,  m.  Eliza  Webb, 


28  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

d.  Oct.  13,  1817.  William  Moses'',  b.  Nov,  27,  1834  in  Windham,  Maine, 
d.  in  the  Civil  War,  m.  Susan  Lucy  Brimblecom,  of  Lynn,  b.  May  28, 
1835,  d.  Mar.  8,  1S86.  William  Brimblecom^  Little.  For  further  data,  see 
Lynn  Historical  Society  Genealogies,  No.  125. 

On  the  maternal  side,  the  line  is  through  Samuel  Brimblecom,  m. 
June  4,  1794,  Mary  Mansfield,  b.  1770,  d.  Sept.  19,  1816  ;  John  Brimblecom, 
b.  Aug.  2,  1801,  m.  July  2,  1829,  Elizabeth  Chapman;  Susan  Lucy 
Brimblecom,  m.  William  Moses  Little. 


HON.  HENRY  CABOT  LODGE 

UNITED  STATES  SENATOR 

Hon.  Henry  Cabot  Lodge,  son  of  John  Ellerton  and  Anna  Sophia 
(Cabot)  Lodge,  was  born  May  12,  1850,  in  the  house  of  his  grandfather, 
Henry  Cabot.  This  ^--^s  a  "square,  stone  house  of  smooth  granite", 
standing,  seventy-five  years  ago,  between  Otis  and  Winthrop  Streets,  off 
Summer  Street,  Boston.  Eight  years  later,  the  family  moved  to  31 
Beacon  Street,  residing  in  a  brick  house,  built  by  Hon.  Samuel  Eliot, 
former  Mayor  of  Boston,  which  stood  next  west  of  the  Governor  John 
Hancock  mansion  ;  the  land  is  now  within  the  limits  of  the  State  House 
grounds.  Senator  Lodge's  grandfather,  Giles  Lodge,  was  an  English 
merchant,  who  removed  to  Boston.  His  father  was  a  successful  merchant 
and  ship  owner,  engaged  in  trade  with  the  Orient.  His  mother,  Anna 
Cabot,  was  a  daughter  of  Henry  Cabot  and  a  grand-daughter  of  George 
Cabot,  who  was  a  member  of  the  Provincial  Congress,  the  Massachusetts 
Constitutional  Convention,  and  United  States  Senator  from  Massachu- 
setts, 1791  to  1796.  Senator  Lodge  married  Anna  Cabot  Mills  Davis, 
daughter  of  Rear  Admiral  Charles  Henry  and  Harriet  Davis,  in  Christ 
Church,  Cambridge,  on  June  29,  1871, 

He  received  the  degree  of  A.  B.  from  Harvard  College  in  1871,  and 
L.L.B.  from  the  Harvard  Lpw  School  in  1875;  was  admitted  to  the 
Suffolk  Bar  in  1876,  and  also  received  that  year  the  degree  of  Ph.  D. 
from  his  College  for  his  thesis  on  "The  Land  Law  of  the  Anglo-Saxons." 
He  was  assistant  editor  of  the  North  American  Review,  1873-1876,  editor 
of  the  International  Review,  1S79-1881,  and  the  author  of  many  historical 
works. 

His  public  life  began  with  his  service  in  the  Massachusetts  House  of 
Representatives  from  the  Tenth  Essex  District,  1880  and  1881.  He  was  a 
delegate  to  the  National  Republican  Conventions  from  1880-1920,  being 
permanent  chairman  at  Philadelphia  in  1900  and  at  Chicago  in  1908  and 
1920.  His  wider  public  service  commenced  with  his  election  to  the 
National  House  of  Representatives,  serving  from  1887  to  1893.     On  Jan. 


MEMOIRS 


29 

17,  1893,  he  was  elected  to  the  United  States  Senate.  Of  this  he  later 
said, — "To  be  a  Senator  from  Massachusetts  has  been  the  pride  of  my 
life.  I  have  put  aside  great  offices,  for  to  me  no  public  place  has  seemed 
equal  to  that  which  I  hold.  No  one  can  serve  Massachusetts  with  greater 
love  or  deeper  loyalty."  He  was  a  member  of  the  Alaskan  Boundary 
Commission,  1903,  the  United  States  Immigration  Commission,  1907, 
chairman  of  the  United  States  Pilgrim  Tercentenary  Commission, 
1920,  and  commissioner  plenipotentiary  for  the  United  States  to  the 
International  Conference  on  the  Limitation  of  Armament,  which  met  in 
Washington  Nov.  12,  1921. 

For  many  years  Senator  Lodge  served  the  people  of  the  country  as  a 
scholar,  teacher,  legislator  and  leader.  His  public  service  of  thirty-seven 
years  in  the  Congress  was  the  longest  continuous  term  held  by  any 
Massachusetts  citizen,  and  his  reputation  as  a  distinguished  statesman 
extended  "into  the  chancellery  of  every  government  of  the  world."  He 
was  a  typical  American.  Politically,  he  was  a  v-ry  strong  and  loyal 
party  man,  believing  that  only  through  party,  great  and  noble  ends 
could  be  attained.  He  was  thoroughly  familiar  with  the  history  of  our 
country,  believing  in  the  free  institutions  of  America,  and  that  the  correct 
method  of  understanding  our  government  was  through  a  study  of  the 
constitution.  He  was  familiar  with  the  history  and  government  of  other 
nations,  which  gave  him  a  wonderful  grasp  of  international  relations. 

The  degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws  was  conferred  upon  him  by  Williams 
College,  1893:  Clark  University  and  Yale  University,  1902;  Harvard 
University,  1904;  Amherst  College  and  Union  College.  1912;  Brown 
University,  Princeton  University  and  Dartmouth  College,  1918.  He  was 
made  an  Overseer  of  Harvard  University  in  1911,  and  was  a  member  of 
the  following  societies,— Massachusetts  Historical  Society,  (elected 
President,  1915);  Virginia  Historical  Society;  New  England  Historic 
and  Genealogical  Society;  Mayflower  Society;  Colonial  Society  of 
Massachusetts;  American  Antiquarian  Society;  American  Academy  of 
Arts  and  Letters  ;  fellow  of  American  Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences  • 
Royal  Historical  Society  of  London.  He  was  elected  an  honorary 
member  of  the  Lynn  Historical  Society,  Sept.  10,  1913. 

Throughout  the  long  period  of  his  public  service,  Senator  Lodge 
remained  devoted  to  his  home  in  Massachusetts  and  came  back  to  East 
Point,  Nahant,  whenever  he  had  opportunity.  His  commanding 
presence  was  familiar  to  all,  and  those  who  were  fortunate  enough  to 
hear  his  "night  before"  election  addresses  in  Lynn,  were  filled  with 
inspiration  by  his  eloquent  and  masterly  words.  We  are  glad  he  was  our 
neighbor. 

Mrs.  Lodge  died  on  Sept.  27,  1915,  and  Senator  Lodge  on  Nov  o 
1934. 


30  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

LUCINDA  MARIA  (MUDGE)  LUMMUS 

Lucinda  Maria  (Mudge)  Lummus  was  the  daughter  of  Rev.  Thomas 
Hicks  and  Betsey  Lucinda  (Grover)  Mudge  and  was  born  in  Saugus  Aug. 
8,  1844.  As  the  daughter  of  a  Methodist  minister,  her  earlier  years  were 
spent  in  various  communities  where  her  father  was  pastor.  On  the  death 
of  her  mother,  in  her  fifteenth  year  she  returned  to  Ljnn  and  was  gradu- 
ated from  the  Lynn  High  School  about  1863.  She  was  married  to  William 
Wirt  Lummus,  of  Lynn,  Jan.  9,  1867,  and  had  two  children,  Walter 
Ellington  who  survives  her,  and  Arthur  Milton,  who  died  May  12,  1874. 
Mr.  Lummus  died  Mar.  17,  1915,  and  Mrs.  Lummus  Feb.  4,  1923. 

Mrs.  Lummus  was  one  of  the  early  members  of  the  Lynn  Woman's 
Club,  serving  in  various  offices  and  committees.  She  served  for  a  num- 
ber of  years  on  the  Lynn  School  Committee  and  was  active  in  work  for 
the  blind,  vacation  schools,  Women's  Club  House,  the  Historical  Society, 
Unitarian  Church  and  other  activities  related  to  social  and  public  interests. 
Inheriting  a  taste  for  literature,  history  and  languages,  she  devoted  her 
leisure  to  those  subjects  and  contributed  occasional  articles  to  local  and 
Boston  publications.  She  joined  the  Lynn  Historical  Society  Apr.  26, 
1900,  and  was  a  valued  member  of  the  Reception  Committee,  1904-1918, 
and  of  the  Council  1907-1909,  1913-1922.  She  contributed  two  very  impor- 
tant papers: — Mar.  10,  1904,  "Dr.  John  Lummus,  Dr.  Aaron  Lummus 
and  Dr.  Edward  L.  Coffin";  Mar.  9,  1918,  "Maria  Mitchell,  the  Astrono- 
mer and  the  Woman." 

Thomas  and  Mary  Mudge  of  Devonshire,  England,  were  her  emigrant 
ancestors.     The  line  runs  as  follows  : — Thomas^  Mudge,  b.  England  abt. 

1624;  m.  abt.  1628,  Mary .  John-,  b.  Maiden,  1654,  d.  Oct.  29,  1733; 

m.  1684,  Ruth  Burditt,  b.  Maiden,  May,  1666,  d.  Oct.  17,  1733.    John^,  b. 

Maiden,  Oct.  15,  1685,  d.  Nov.  26,  1762;  m.  Lydia ,  b.  1687,  d.  Dec. 

I,  1762.  John^,  b.  Maiden,  Dec.  30,  1713,  d.  Lynnfield,  Nov.  26,  1762  ;  m. 
May  4,  1738,  Mary  Waite,  b.  Sept.  22,  1714.  Enoch^,  b.  Lynnfield,  Aug.  i, 
1754,  '^-  Lynn,  Jan.  30,  1832;  m.  Jan.  6,  1773,  Lydia  Ingalls,  b.  May  22, 
1756,  d.  Apr.  25,  1833.  James*',  b.  Oct.  33,  1784,  d.  Jan.  18,  1852;  m.Oct. 
6.  1805,  Ruth  Atwell,  b.  Aug.  i,  1786.  Rev.  Thomas  Hicks'^,  b.  Orring- 
ton,  Me.,  Sept.  23,  1815,  d.  Baldwin  City,  Kansas,  July  24,  1872;  m.  Oct. 
4,  1843,  Betsey  Lucinda  Grover,  of  Ellington,  Conn.,  b.  April  28,  1821,  d. 
Sept.  II,  1858.  Lucinda  Maria  (Mudge)  Lummus^.  (See  "The  Mudge 
Family  in  America"  by  Alfred  Mudge.)  John^  served  in  King  Philip's 
war  and  Enoch''  in  the  Revolution. 


MEMOIRS  31 

HARRIET   LOUISE   MATTHEWS 

Harriet  Louise  Matthews,  Librarian  of  the  Lynn  Public  Library, 
was  born  in  Hopkinton,  Mass.,  Oct.  10,  1846,  the  daughter  of  Israel  and 
Louisa  (Perry)  Matthews,  and  received  her  education  in  Winthrop,  Maine, 
where  she  attended  Towle  Academy  and  later  the  Fairfield  Seminary. 
She  died  at  the  home  of  her  sister,  Mrs.  Edwin  H.  Parrott,  in  Swampscott, 
Aug.  19,  1925.  She  was  a  member  of  the  Lynn  Woman's  Club,  a  charter 
(April  27,  1897)  and  honorary  (Nov.  19,  1917)  member  of  the  Lynn  His- 
torical Society,  and  attended  the  Unitarian  Church.  She  was  also  a 
charter  member  of  the  American  Library  Association  and  of  the  Massa- 
chusetts Library  Club. 

For  forty-one  years,  1875-1916,  Miss  Matthews  was  on  the  Staff  of  the 
Lynn  Public  Library.  Following  the  death  of  Jacob  Bachelder,  Librarian, 
Dec.  17,  1876,  Miss  Matthews  and  Miss  Elizabeth  E.  Rule  as  Assistants, 
had  charge  of  the  Library,  until  the  election  of  John  Clarkson  Houghton, 
Feb.  I,  1877.  Mr.  Houghton  resigned  June  i,  1904  and  Miss  Matthews 
was  elected  Librarian  in  succession  on  Sept.  27,  1904.  She  held  this  very 
important  position  until  ill  health  compelled  her  to  retire  on  Jan.  1,  1917. 
She  was  stricken  without  warning  in  May,  1916,  and  was  never  after  able 
to  leave  her  room. 

She  introduced  in  the  Lynn  Public  Library  many  features,  such  as  the 
open  shelf,  lecture  courses  and  branches  in  the  public  schools.  She  was 
one  of  the  pioneers  in  popularizing  the  use  of  the  Library.  It  was  in 
1914  that  she  suggested  a  branch  library  in  Ward  7.  This  became  so  suc- 
cessful that  she  recommended  the  establishment  of  other  branches,  which 
ultimately  resulted  in  the  two  Carnegie  Branch  Libraries  in  Wards  i  and  6. 
She  not  only  made  the  Library  an  important  factor  locally,  but  by  her 
personal  interest  in  genealogical  matters,  made  it  known  throughout  the 
country  to  those  whose  ancestry  is  of  New  England  origin.  This  genea- 
logical material,  together  with  a  splendid  collection  of  newspaper  clip- 
pings, are  in  themselves  a  worthy  monument  to  her  years  of  devoted 
service. 

Pre-eminently  fitted  for  the  work  to  which  she  devoted  her  life,  skilled 
in  the  peculiar  duties  of  a  Librarian,  Miss  Matthews  was  held  in  high 
regard  by  the  patrons  of  the  Library,  and  was  greatly  loved  by  those  with 
whom  she  served.  She  was  a  person  of  unusual  mental  vigor  and 
strength  of  character,  with  a  fine  sense  of  humor. 

When  the  Lynn  Historical  Society  was  organized,  Miss  Matthews 
took  a  special  interest  in  the  collection  of  genealogical  records.  She 
served  on  the  committee  on  Genealogy  from  1898  to  1916,  being  chairman 
the  latter  year.  During  this  period,  three  hundred  genealogies  were 
received  and  bound. 


32  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

HON.  SAMUEL  WALKER   McCALL 

Hon.  Samuel  Walker  McCall,  journalist,  author,  former  Congressman 
and  Governor,  was  born  in  East  Providence,  Penn.,  Feb.  28,  1851,  and 
died  at  his  home  in  Winchester,  Mass.,  Nov.  4,  1923.  He  was  the  son  of 
Henry  and  Mary  Ann  (Elliott)  McCall,  attended  Mt.  Carroll  (Illinois) 
Seminary  and  New  Hampton  Academy,  N.H.,  graduating  from  Dart- 
mouth College,  with  the  degree  of  A.B.  in  1874,  LL.D.  in  1901.  Honor- 
ary degrees  were  conferred  on  him  by  Ohio  State  University,  Oberlin 
College  (1908),  Tufts  College  (1914),  University  of  Maine  (191S).  Trinity 
and  Williams  Colleges  and  Columbia  University  (1916),  Dalhousie  Uni- 
versity, Canada  (1918),  University  of  Rochester  (1919).  He  was  admitted 
to  the  practice  of  law  in  1876;  became  part  owner  and  editor-in-chief  of 
the  Boston  Daily  Advertiser  in  1888;  a  member  of  the  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives from  Winchester  in  1SS8,  18S9  and  1892;  of  the  State  Ballot 
Law  Commission  1890,  1891  ;  a  delegate  to  the  Republican  National  Con- 
vention, 1888  and  1900;  a  representative  in  Congress  from  the  Eighth 
Massachusetts  District,  1893-1913;  Governor  of  the  Commonwealth  of 
Massachusetts,  1916,  1917,  1918. 

He  was  a  Fellow  of  the  American  Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  a 
member  of  the  National  Institute  of  Social  Science,  Lincoln  Memorial 
Commission,  American  Antiquarian  Society,  Massachusetts  Historical 
Society,  the  Saturday  Club  of  Boston,  honorary  member  of  the  Lynn 
Historical  Society  (Sept.  10,  1913),  and  was  appointed  to  the  Second 
Industrial  Conference  by  President  Woodrow  Wilson.  He  was  a  member 
of  Phi  Beta  Kappa,  Dartmouth  College,  a  trustee  of  Smith  College  and 
New  Hampton  Academy,  and  of  several  clubs. 

On  May  23,  i88i,  Mr.  McCall  was  married  in  Lyndonville,  Vermont, 
to  Ella  Esther  Thompson,  daughter  of  Sumner  Shaw  and  Harriet  Stark 
(Wiley)  Thompson.  Mr.  Thompson  was  of  Mayflower  descent  through 
Francis  Cooke,  and  Mrs.  Thompson  was  of  the  Chandler  family,  who 
came  from  Scotland  before  1640.  The  McCall  early  ancestors  came  from 
Scotland  to  Pennsylvania.  Peter  McCall  was  Justice  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Pennsylvania  and  Mayor  of  Philadelphia,  and  Samuel  McCall, 
Jr.,  was  associated  with  Benjamin  Franklin  as  one  of  the  incorporators  of 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania.  The  great  grandfather  on  the  paternal 
side  fell  at  the  Battle  of  Brandywine  in  the  Revolutionary  war. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  McCall  had  five  children,— Sumner  Thompson,  b.  May 
30,  1882;  Ruth.  b.  Jan.  19,  1885;  Henry,  b.  Aug.  24,  1887;  Katherine 
(Mrs.  Henry  James  Gray  Rudolf),  b.  Aug.  10,  1890;  Margaret  (Mrs.  Alfred 
Chappell),  b.  July  ao,  1892.  Mr.  McCall  was  a  member  of  the  Church  of 
the  Epiphany,  Winchester,  and  at  one  time  was  a  Vestryman. 

He  was  a  thorough  student  of  history  and  politics,  and  especially  of 


Hon      SAMUEL    WALKER    McCALL 


MEMOIRS  33 

the  underlying  principles  of  government;  always  a  Republican,  yet  held 
to  an  independence  of  thought  on  many  occasions.  While  in  the  Legis- 
lature, he  took  an  active  part  in  the  passage  of  laws  to  abolish  in  Massa- 
chusetts imprisonment  for  debt,  except  in  fraud  cases;  strengthening  the 
Corrupt  Practices  Art;  taking  the  supervision  of  public  schools  out  of 
politics;  Woman  Suffrage.  In  Congress  he  was  on  the  Committees  on 
Library  and  Ways  and  Means.  He  advocated  downward  revision  of  the 
Tariff,  reciprocity  with  Cuba  and  Canada,  independence  of  the  Philip- 
pines. He  was  opposed  to  government  ownership  of  railroads,  and  fore- 
saw the  danger  that  would  result  from  concentration  of  power  in  the 
Federal  Executive,  in  the  encroachment  ot  the  Senate  on  Constitu- 
tional prerogatives,  in  the  curtailment  of  individual  freedom  by  unwise 
governmental  restrictions,  and  in  the  rapid  growth  of  national  expendi- 
tures. 

Governor  McCall's  term  as  chief  executive  of  the  Commonwealth  was 
during  the  trying  days  of  the  World  War.  Although  characterized  by  a 
love  for  peace,  he  realized  the  importance  of  organizing  the  military  and 
the  civilian  forces,  and  through  his  untiring  efforts,  Massachusetts  was 
foremost  in  prompt  and  effectual  support  of  the  government.  Massa- 
chusetts troops  were  the  first  on  French  soil,  and  committees  of  Public 
Safety  were  organized  throughout  the  State.  He  was  a  consistent  sup- 
porter of  the  cause  of  Peace,  became  a  trustee  of  the  World  Peace  Founda- 
tion, was  an  observer  at  the  Washington  Peace  Conference  in  192 1,  con- 
tributed a  series  of  articles  to  the  Boston  Post,  and  one  to  the  Atlantic 
Monthly  in  March,  1922,  on  "The  Washington  Conference."  His  last 
work  was  a  paper  entitled  "Can  a  Nation  be  a  Hermit  Nation?" 

On  Jan.  6,  1916,  believing  that  the  time  had  come  for  a  Constitu- 
tional Convention,  he  recommended  to  the  Legislature  the  submission  of 
this  question  to  the  people.  The  calling  of  such  a  convention  was 
approved  at  the  November  election,  delegates  were  chosen  on  May  i,  1917, 
and  the  convention  assembled  at  the  State  House  on  June  6,  1917. 

Governor  McCall  was  a  profound  student  of  Latin  as  well  as  of 
English,  had  a  very  simple  yet  forceful  style  of  writing  and  speaking, 
and  was  a  lover  of  poetry.  In  his  literary  work,  he  made  an  excellent 
metrical  translation  of  the  Odes  of  Horace,  and  among  his  other  writings 
were: — "The  Life  of  Thaddeus  Stevens"  (1899),  Dartmouth  Centennial 
Address  on  Daniel  Webster  (1901),  "The  Business  of  Congress"  (1911), 
"The  Life  of  Thomas  Brackett  Reed"  {1914),  "The  Liberty  of  Citizen- 
ship" (1915),  "Patriotism  of  the  American  Jew"  (1922),  and  at  the  time 
of   his   death,  was   engaged    on  a  "Life  of  Daniel  Webster." 

He  will  be  remembered  for  his  power,  his  gentleness  and  serenity, 
his  love  of  humanity,  fidelity  to  principles,  his  sacrificial  spirit  and  hii 
Idealism. 


34 


LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 


At  the  dedication  of  the  new  home  of  the  Lynn  Historical  Society, 
125  Green  Street,  on  Oct.  9,  1913,  we  were  privileged  to  have  Governor 
McCall  as  our  honored  guest,  and  his  address  is  preserved  in  our  Register 
for  that  year. 


JAMES  DEARBORN  MULLIN 

James  Dearborn  Mullin  was  born  in  Boston,  Mass.,  on  June  9,  1833 
and  died  in  Lynn  on  Jan.  19,  1925.  His  father,  Henry  B.  Mullin,  came 
to  Lynn  in  1837  and  was  one  of  the  earliest  shoemakers  in  this  city. 
After  finishing  his  education  in  the  public  schools,  James  D.  Mullin 
learned  the  art  of  shoemaking  in  his  father's  shop,  a  little  one  story 
building  on  Whiting  Street.  In  those  early  days,  all  the  work  was  done 
by  hand,  the  shoemaker  designed  the  shoe  and  cut  it  out  with  a  skiving 
knife.  At  the  age  of  twenty-one  he  was  made  a  partner  in  the  business 
and  from  that  time  until  his  death,  Mr.  Mullin  was  actively  engaged  in 
this  industry.  During  those  years,  he  witnessed  many  changes  caused 
by  the  introduction  of  machinery  in  the  production  of  shoes.  The 
large  factories  of  our  day,  where  the  shoe  is  wholly  made,  have  replaced 
the  small  shoemaker's  shop  in  which  only  a  fraction  of  the  work  was 
done  on  the  shoes.  One  of  these  ancient  shops  is  now  preserved  by  this 
Historical  Society  to  show  future  generations  the  method  used  by  the 
founders  in  the  eighteenth  century. 

Mr.  Mullin  married  Lucina  J.  Colby,  of  Nahant,  who  died  Oct.  10, 
1866;  he  then  married  Sarah  E.  Colby,  a  sister  of  his  first  wife,  who  died 
Jan.  2,  1879;  in  1884,  he  married  Sarah  Abbie  Newhall,  who  was  born 
Nov.  5,  1843  and  died  May  14,  1914.  During  his  last  marriage,  Mr. 
Mullin  lived  on  Newhall  Street  on  land  which  had  belonged  to  the  Newhall 
family  since  1730. 

At  his  death,  Mr.  Mullin  left  a  son,  Henry  C.  Mullin,  who  was 
associated  with  him  in  business,  and  a  daughter,  Mrs.  Lucy  E.  Crocker, 
besides  two  grand  children  and  great  grand  children.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Central  Congregational  Church  of  Lynn. 


ALFRED  ESTES  NEWHALL 

Alfred  Estes  Newhall,  son  of  Joseph  Philbrick  and  Anna  Green 
(Basset)  Newhall,  was  born  in  Lynn  July  26,  1852,  and  died  here  Oct.  8, 
1923.  He  was  educated  in  the  Lynn  schools  and  the  Friends'  School, 
Providence,  Rhode  Island.  With  the  exception  of  seven  years  spent  in 
Weymouth,  he  lived  in  Lynn,  doing  business  as  a  shoe  manufacturer  and 


MEMOIRS  35 

salesman.  In  politics,  he  was  a  Republican.  He  joined  the  Lynn 
Historical  Society  Jan.  19,  1914,  and  he  belonged  to  several  Masonic 
organizations.  He  was  an  active  member  of  the  Central  Congregational 
Church,  serving  several  years  as  its  treasurer.  At  the  time  of  his  death 
he  was  president  of  the  Lynn  Home  for  Children.  Under  the  will  of 
Nathan  Breed,  a  trust  was  provided  for  the  purpose  of  establishing  a 
home  for  children.  This  home  was  incorporated  in  1914  as  the  Lynn 
Home  for  Children,  into  which  the  trust  was  merged  by  authority  of  the 
Legislature.  Mr.  Newhall,  as  president,  greatly  developed  this  work  and 
took  a  deep,  personal  interest  in  the  children. 

The  lines  of  descent  are  as  follows  : — 

Thomas^  Newhall,  m.  Mary .     Thomas^,  b.   1630;  m.  Dec.  29, 

1653,  Elizabeth  Potter.  Joseph^,  b.  Sept.  22,  1658,  d.  Jan.  29-30,  1705-6; 
m.  1678,  Susanna  Farrar,  b.  26:  im  :  1659.  Samuel*,  b.  Mar.  9,  1700-1,  d. 
8m:  1770;  m.  Dec.  8,  1724,  Keziah  Breed,  b.  Oct.  16,  1704,  d.  Oct.  9, 
1748-9.  Daniel^,  b.  Feb.  4,  1740-1,  d.  15:11111:1793;  m.  Apr.  25,  1769, 
Hannah  Estes,  b.  20:7m  :  1744,  d.  Nov.  21,  1781.  Estes«,  b.  Sept.  9,  1770, 
d.  Feb.  25,  1857;  m.  (2)  Miriam  Philbrick,  d.  Sept.  11,  1864.  Joseph 
Philbrick'^,  b.  July  16,  1823,  d.  Sept.  2,  1869 ;  m.  i  :  7m  :  1846,  Anna  Green 
Basset,  b.  Apr.  10,  1824,  d.  Apr.  17,  1863.     Alfred  Estes^  Newhall. 

AUeni  Breed,  b.  i6oi,  d.  Mar.    17,  1690-1.     Allen^,  m.  before  1660, 

Mary ,  d.  30  :  9m  :  1671.     SamueP,  b.  25  :  7m  :  1669,  d.  Feb.  1755  ;  m. 

Feb.  5,  1691-2,  Anna  Hood.     Keziah*,  as  above. 

Williami  Basset,  William^,  William^,  Joseph*,  Isaac^,  Isaac«,  (See 
sketch  of  William  Basset  in  this  Register),  Anna  Green  Bassef,  as  above. 


HON.    GEORGE  HENRY  NEWHALL 

Hon.  George  Henry  Newhall,  son  of  Isaac  and  Sarah  (Graves)  Newhall, 
was  born  in  Lynn  Oct.  24,  1850.  From  the  Lynn  schools,  he  went  to 
Wilbraham  Academy,  graduating  in  1870.  He  first  entered  the  shoe  busi- 
ness in  his  father's  factory,  but  later  became  a  real  estate  and  insurance 
agent.  In  1886,  local  politics  enlisted  his  attention  as  a  member  of  the 
Common  Council,  and  he  was  president  in  1887  and  1888.  From  that 
time  till  his  death,  with  the  exception  of  about  ten  years,  he  held  some 
civic  or  state  office,  always  retaining  the  confidence  of  the  people  by  tact, 
sympathy  and  wise  management.  He  was  on  the  Board  of  Aldermen  In 
1889,  1890,  1904  and  1905,  a  Representative  in  the  General  Court  1894, 
1895,  1906-1908,  1919— Nov.  4,  1923,  Senator  1910-1913,  and  Mayor  of 
Lynn  1913-1917,  a  longer  term  than  any  other  Mayor. 

Mr.  Newhall  was  active  in  Masonic  circles,  holding  membership  in 
Golden   Fleece   Lodge,   Sutton   Royal  Arch  Chapter,  Zebulon  Council, 


36  I.YNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

Olivet  Commandery,  East  Lynn  Lodge,  LO.O.F.,  and  Encampment, 
Peter  Woodland  Lodge,  K.P.,  ^innepurkit  Tribe,  I.  O.  R.M.,  Mystic 
Lodge,  A.O.U.W.,  Loyal  Order  of  Moose,  Lynn  Lodge  of  Elks,  also  the 
Sons  of  the  American  Revolution,  Board  of  Underwriters,  Eastern 
Improvement  Association,  and  the  Lynn  Historical  Society,  which  he 
joined  Mar.  27,  1900.  He  was  a  member  and  steward  of  the  First 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 

Mr.  Newhall  married,  Jan.  17,  1S72,  Martha  Louise  Nourse,  of  Cam- 
bridge, and  had  two  sons  who  died  early,  and  two  daughters,  who  survive 
him.  Miss  Loella  Newhall,  of  Lynn,  and  Mrs.  Ralph  J.  Fogg,  of  Bethle- 
hem, Penn.  He  died  Nov.  4,  1923,  at  his  home,  343  Chatham  Street, 
Lynn. 

His  direct  line  is  through  Thomas^  Newhall,  d.  May   25,   1674;    m. 

Mary ,  d.  Sept,  25,  1665;  Thomas^,  b.  1630,  d.  Dec,  i,  1687;  m.  Dec. 

29,  1652,  Elizabeth  Potter,  d.  Feb.  22,  1686-7;  Joseph^,  b.  Sept.  22,  1658, 
d.  Jan.  30,  1705;  m.  1678,  Susanna  Farrar,  b.  26:im:i659.  Samuel*,  b. 
Mar.  9,  1700-1,  d.  8m:i77o;  m.  Dec.  8,  1724'  Keziah  Breed,  b.  Oct.  16, 
1704,  d.  Oct.  9,  1748-9.  Daniel^,  b.  Feb.  4,  1740-1,  d.  I5:iim:i793; 
m.  Apr.  25,  1769,  Hannah  Estes,  b.  20:7m  :i744,  '^'  Nov.  21,  1781. 
Daniel®,  b.  Nov.  21,  1778, ^d.  June  27,  1853;  m.  June  6,  1805,  Mary  Bailey, 
of  Hanover,  d.  1829.  Isaac'^,  b.  Jan.  4,  1814  ;  m.  (Int.)  Oct.  22,  1848,  Mrs. 
Sarah  Graves  Caldwell,  of  Ipswich.     George  Henry  Newhall^. 

The  Breed  line  is  from  Allen^  Breed,  AUen^,  Samuel^,  Keziah*,  m. 
Samuel  Newhall,  as  above.  See  other  detail  under  sketch  of  Alfred  Estes 
Newhall.     Richard  Hood  and  Robert  Estes  were  also  emigrant  ancestors. 


MARY  ELIZABETH  NEWHALL 

Mary  Elizabeth  Newhall,  daughter  of  Timothy  Alley  and  Sarah  Ellen 
(Stacy)  Newhall,  was  born  in  Lynn,  Dec.  9,  1866,  and  died  at  her  home. 
No.  5  Timabury  Terrace  on  Dec.  21,  1923.  She  was  educated  in  the  Lynn 
public  schools,  and  was  graduated  from  the  High  School  with  the  class 
of  1S85. 

She  was  a  member  of  the  1884  Club  and  of  the  North  Shore  Club, 
was  a  regular  attendant  at  the  First  Universalist  Church,  a  member  of 
its  Pullman  Mission  and  for  many  years  a  teacher  in  the  Church  School. 
She  joined  the  Lynn  Historical  Society  on  Jan.  11,  1899,  ^^'^  ^^'^s  a 
member  of  its  Council  in  1910. 

Miss  Newhall  was  eighth  in  descent  from  both  Thomas  Newhall  and 
Hugh  Alley,  and  details  of  these  genealogies  may  be  found  in  the  records 
of  the  Lynn  Historical  Society. 


FREDERICK    MELVILLE    NICHOLS 


MEMOIRS  37 


FREDERICK  MELVILLE  NICHOLS 

Frederick  Melville  Nichols,  son  of  Henry  Silsbee  and  Elizabeth 
Deborah  (Thompson)  Nichols,  (daughter  of  John  Thompson  of  Marble- 
head,)  was  born  Jan.  7,  1854,  and  died  June  30,  1924,  in  the  house  where 
he  was  born  on  Essex  Court.  He  attended  Miss  Bojnton's  private  school 
and  the  Whiting  Grammar  school.  For  a  number  of  years,  he  was  a 
bookkeeper,  then  helped  his  father  in  the  blacksmith's  shop  and  later 
became  a  salesman.  He  was  especially  interested  in  music  and  birds, 
giving  great  attention  to  the  shore  birds.  He  was  a  member  of  the  choir 
of  Grace  Church,  Salem,  for  twenty-six  years  and  of  the  Haydn  Male 
Quartette. 

Mr.  Nichols  joined  Richard  W.  Drown  Lodge,  I.O.O.F.,  May  4,  1882, 
attaining  the  degree  of  Noble  Grand,  and  was  also  a  member  of  Fraternity 
Encampment.  He  was  a  member  of  Master  Chase's  School  Boys,  of 
Essex  County  Ornithological  Club  of  Massachusetts,  joined  the  Lynn  His- 
torical Society  April  7,  1899,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Council  Jan.  1922- 
June  30,  1924.  He  joined  the  East  Baptist  Church  in  1887,  and  was 
auditor  and  chairman  of  the  music  committee  for  several  years. 

He  married  Phebe  M.  Stowers  Jan.  13,  1875,  and  had  four  children' 
Henry  Sprague,  Fred  Melville,  Elizabeth  Mary  and  Everett  Combs.  One 
of  his  emigrant  ancestors  was  Henry  Silsbee,  who  came  to  Lynn  from 
Ipswich  before  1650. 


EDWIN  NATHANIEL  NORTHROP 

Edwin  Nathaniel  Northrop,  son  of  Lennon  Haswell  and  Sarah  Lucella 
(Roberts)  Northrop,  was  born  in  Stratford,  Conn.,  Feb.  17,  1862,  and 
died  in  Lynn  Jan.  28,  1925.  He  was  educated  in  the  schools  of  Milford, 
Conn.,  the  home  of  the  emigrant  ancestor  of  the  family.  Mr.  Northrop 
made  Boys'  club  work  his  interest  and  occupation  in  life,  beginning  at 
Meriden,  Conn.,  in  1888  as  superintendent  of  the  local  club.  In  1893,  he 
was  called  to  Worcester,  remaining  till  1901  when  he  went  to  Milwaukee, 
where  he  organized  the  Wisconsin  home  and  farm  school  for  boys  at 
Dousman,  a  work  of  much  importance.  He  began  his  work  in  Lynn  in 
1907,  continuing  till  his  death,  giving  the  Boys'  club  a  great  impetus  as 
one  of  the  outstanding  organizations  for  welfare  work  in  Lynn.  He 
received  one  of  the  first  appointments  as  scout  master,  organizing  here 
Troop  7,  Boy  Scouts  of  America.  He  was  recognized  as  senior  superin- 
tendent in  point  of  continuous  service. 

Mr.  Northrop  was  a  member  of  the  Old  Essex  Chapter,  Sons  of  the 
American  Revolution,  of  the  Lynn  Historical  Society  having  joined  Dec. 


38  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

19,  1910,  of  the  Rotary  club  and  was  on  the  official  board  of  the  First 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 

Mr.  Northrop  married,  in  1886,  Edith  Adelaide  Richards,  who  left 
one  son,  Harry  Clifford,  now  of  North  Carolina.  In  192 1,  he  married 
Catherine  M.  Crosby  of  New  Haven,  who  survives  him. 

Joseph  Northrop,  one  of  the  first  settlers  in  Milford,  Conn.,  came 
there  in  1638,  the  line  continuing  through  Jeremiah^,  Benjamin', 
Nathaniel^,  Hezekiah^,  Nathaniel",  Lennon   Haswell",  Edwin  Nathaniel*. 


MARGARET  ELLEN  (CURRIER)  PORTER 

Margaret  Ellen  (Currier)  Porter  was  born  in  Lynn,  June  25,  1854, 
the  daughter  of  George  Burrill  and  Abigail  Ellen  (Alley)  Currier.  She 
was  educated  in  the  Lynn  public  schools,  graduating  from  the  High 
School  and  from  the  Salem  Normal  School,  teaching,  before  her  marriage, 
in  Lynn  and  also  in  the  Salem  Normal;  she  specialized  in  lauguagesand 
mathematics,  and  took  many  courses  in  Chatauqua,  which  flourished  at 
that  time. 

On  Sept.  2,  1875,  she  married  Benjamin  Evans  Porter,  and  had  one 
daughter,  Bertha  Currier  Porter,  who  survives  her.  Mrs.  Porter  resided 
during  her  entire  life  in  that  part  of  Lynn,  known  as  Woodend,  and  died 
at  her  home,  49  Fayette  Street,  on  Dec.  12,  1925. 

Her  father  was  an  Assessor  in  Lynn  for  many  years,  and  after  the 
death  of  her  husband,  she  became  Clerk  in  the  office,  instituting  many 
Improvements  in  the  methods,  and  through  her  wide  knowledge  of  the 
work  was  consulted  by  city  officials  from  all  parts  of  the  State.  She 
was  in  the  Assessor's  office  from  1897  to  1912.  After  the  death  of  her 
father  and  husband,  the  care  of  their  estates  fell  upon  her,  and  she 
developed  a  very  keen  business  instinct.  She  was  also  a  very  charitable 
woman,  and  did  many  kind  acts,  which  were  known  only  to  the  persons 
interested. 

Mrs.  Porter  was  a  member  of  the  First  Universalist  Church,  a  teacher 
in  its  Church  School,  a  member  of  the  Flower  Mission,  which  later 
became  the  Pullman  Mission,  and  was  its  treasurer  for  more  than  ten 
years.  She  was  secretary  of  Master  Brickett's  School  Girls,  and  a  member 
of  the  Lynn  Historical  Society,  which  she  joined  Apr.  18,  1898.  She 
contributed  papers  to  several  associations,  one  especially  important  being 
'>01d  Woodend  and  its  Neighboring  Territory",  read  before  the  Lynn 
Historical  Sociity  on  Apr.  26,  1900.     (See  Vol.  XV,  191 1,  pp.  106-138.)  : 

The  line  of  descent  is  as  follows  : — 

Richard!  Currier,  b.  1617;  m.  Ann  ;  children  born  in  Ames- 
bury.     Deacon    Thomas^    b.    .V-nesbury   (?)    1646,    m.     Mary    Osgood; 


MEMOIRS  39 

Thomas^,  b.  Amesbury  (?)  1671,  tn.  Sarah  Barnard,  of  Nantucket; 
Thomas*,  b.  1717,  Amesbur_y,  m.  Jemima  Morrill;  Joseph^,  b.  1746,  Ames- 
bury,  m,  Elizabeth  ,  York,  Maine;  Joseph^,  b.   1775,  Deerfield,  N. 

H.,  m.  Lydia  W.  Richards ;  Joseph  R.',  b.  June  5,  1805,  Lynn  m.  Aug.  3, 
1837,  Elizabeth  M.  Clark;  George  Burrill^,  b.  Nov.  34,  1827,  Lynn,  m. 
Abigail  E.  Alley,  b.  Dec.  9,  1828;  Margaret  Ellen^. 


HANNAH  VILES  (NEWHALL)  PUTNAM 

Hannah  Viles  (Newhall)  Putnam  was  born  in  Lynnfield  Center,  Oct. 
25,  1840,  the  daughter  of  Allen  Breed  and  Augusta  Viles  Newhall.  She 
was  educated  in  the  Lynnfield  School  and  the  Salem  Normal  School, 
graduating  from  the  latter  in  1858.  She  always  kept  up  her  interest  in 
the  Normal  School,  serving  as  secretary,  for  a  term  of  years,  of  the  Crosby 
Memorial  Association,  an  alumnae  organization  which  she  helped  to 
form,  composed  of  the  early  graduates.  After  graduation,  she  taught  in 
North  Reading,  Lynnfield,  East  Saugus,  Oaklandvale,  and  Brewster  on 
Cape  Cod. 

She  married  Eugene  Andrew  Putnam,  of  Danvers,  on  Jan.  3,  1866, 
and  lived  in  Lynn  continuously  from  that  time  until  her  death,  Dec.  29, 
1923.  There  were  four  daughters  in  the  family, — Louise  Lancaster,  who 
died  Mar.  14,  1922,  Augusta  N.,  Anna  and  Elizabeth  Pope  (Mrs.  Edward 
B.  Clarke).  Mrs.  Putnam  was  a  life-long  Universalist,  her  father  having 
been  influential  in  establishing  the  Universalist  Church  in  Lynnfield. 
She  was  a  member  of  the  First  Universalist  Church  of  Lynn,  where  she 
taught  in  the  Church  School  for  many  years. 

Her  interest  in  American  history  was  keen,  particularly  in  the 
Colonial  history  of  Massachusetts.  She  was  painstaking  and  accurate  in 
genealogical  research,  and  an  enthusiastic  antiquarian,  having  made  a 
thorough  study  of  Colonial  home  customs  and  housekeeping  utensils. 
She  was  a  charter  and  life  member  of  the  Lynn  Historical  Society.  Her 
line  of  descent  follows  : — Thomas^  Newhall,  emigrant   ancestor    1630;  d. 

May  25,  1674  ;  "^*  Mary ,  d.  Sept.  25,  1665.   Thomas",  b.  1630,  d.  Apr. 

I,  1687,  m.  Elizabeth  Potter,  Dec.  29,  1652,  d.  Feb.  22,  1686-7.  Ensign 
Joseph^,  b.  Sept.  22,  1658,  d.  Jan.  30,  1705,  m.  probably  1678,  Susanna 
Farrar,  b.  Mar.  26,  1659.  Thomas*,  b.  Jan.  6,  1680,  d.  Nov.  30,  1738,  m. 
(2nd.)  Elizabeth  Bancroft  Dec.  12,  1717.  Amos^,  b.  Mar.  i,  1730,  d.  July 
20,  1765,  m.  Margaret  Southwick  (pub.  Nov.  18,  1750).  William^,  b.  Feb. 
9,  1750,  d.  1823,  m.  Elizabeth  Newhall,  b.  1749,  d.  Feb.  9,  1839.     Amos'', 

m.  Elizabeth .     Allen  Breed^,  b.  May   18,  1813,  d.  Aug.  9,  1872,  m. 

J.  Augusta  Viles,  b.  Aug.  3,  1814,  d.  Dec.  10,  1893.  Hannah  Viles' 
Newhall,  m.  Eugene  Andrew  Putnam. 


40  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 


HENRIETTA   THAYER   RUNDLETT 

Henrietta  Thayer  Rundlett,  the  daughter  of  William  H.  L.  and 
Henrietta  A.  (de  Rochemont)  Brackett,  was  born  in  Greenland,  N.  H., 
Dec,  II,  1870,  and  died  in  Philadelphia,  Penn.,  Mar.  29,  1923. 

She  was  educated  in  Brackett  Academy,  Greenland,  N.  H.,  and  the 
Salem  Normal  School,  Salem,  Mass.  On  July  4,  1892,  she  married 
Howard  E.  Rundlett,  at  Greenland  and  for  many  years  they  made  their 
home  in  Lynn.  Mrs.  Rundlett  is  survived  by  her  husband,  who  con- 
tinues to  reside  in  Lynn,  by  her  mother  and  one  brother,  Charles  H. 
Brackett,  of  Greenland,  and  one  sister,  Mrs.  Abbie  B.  Durcll,  of  Lynn. 

Mrs.  Rundlett  was  deeply  interested  in  the  First  Universalist  Church 
and  was  a  teacher  in  its  Church  School.  She  was  a  member  of  the  Pull- 
man Mission  and  Every  Day  Club,  and,  through  her  interest  in  young 
people,  organized  the  Junior  Every  Day  Club,  being  its  senior  councillor 
as  long  as  she  lived.  She  was  a  member  of  the  Starr  Club,  the  North 
Shore  Club,  the  Aid  Society  of  the  Lynn  Day  Nursery,  and  in  addition 
was  one  of  the  pioneers  of  the  Penny  Lunch  at  the  Washington  Com- 
munity School.     She  joined  the  Lynn  Historical  Society  Jan.  13,  1921. 


HARRIET    BROWNELL  (FULLER)  RUSSELL 

Harriett  Brownell  (Fuller)  Russell,  the  daughter  of  William  B.  and 
Caroline  (Hudson)  Fuller,  was  born  in  Lynn,  Jan.  27,  1867.  After  leav- 
ing the  High  School  she  attended  the  Baldwin  Commercial  school  and 
for  a  short  time  was  a  bookkeeper.  She  married,  Oct.  14,  1890,  William 
H.  Russell  and  had  one  daughter  who  died  in  infancy.  She  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  North  Shore  Club,  the  1884  Club,  the  Lynn  Historical  Society, 
joining  Nov.  17,  1902,  and  of  the  Central  Congregational  Church.  Mrs. 
Russell  died  April  17,  1925. 

Her  descent  from  Edward^  Fuller  who   came   over    in   the  Mayflower 

and  signed  the   compact,    is   as   follows  :  Edward^,  married   Ann . 

Samuel^,  married  Jane  Lothrop.  Samuel^,  married  (i)  Ann  Fuller  (2) 
Mary  Ide.  Samuel^  married  Dorothy  Wilmarth.  Samuel^,  married 
Hannah  Lake.  Jesse'',  married  Lydia  Miller.  Jesse^  married  Sally 
Billings.  George  A.^  married  Harriet  Brownell.  William  B.^,  married 
Caroline  Hudson.     Harriett  Brownell  FuUeri'^. 


MEMOIRS  41 

ANNA  HORTON  (LITTLE)  SPALDING 

Anna  Horton  (Little)  Spalding,  the  daughter  of  Moses  Sweetser  and 
Lydia  Merrill  (Tenney)  Little,  was  born  Jan.  25,  1858,  in  Newburyport 
where  she  attended  the  Putnam  School  and  lived  until  her  marriage  to 
Rollin  Aaron  Spalding  Feb.  6,  1893.  She  was  a  member  of  St.  Stephen's 
Episcopal  Church,  the  North  Shore  Club  and  the  Lynn  Historical 
Society,  which  she  joined  Jan.  27,  1902.  One  child,  Anna  Little,  died  in 
infancy,  and  Mrs.  Spalding  died  at  her  home  164  Ocean  Street,  Lynn, 
Apr.  12,  1924. 

Among  her  ancestors  were  George  Little,  who  came  to  Newbury  in 
1640,  Thomas  Tenney,  who  came  to  Rowley  in  1638,  Samuel  Poore,  who 
came  to  Newbury  in  1640,  Aquila  Chase,  also  of  Newbury.  Mr.  Chase 
was  born  in  Chesham,  England,  Aug.  14,  1580,  was  one  of  the  earliest 
settlers  and  grantees  of  Hampton,  N.  H.,  1639,  and  removed  to  Newbury, 
Mass.,  about  1646. 


WILLARD   FLOYD    SPALDING 

Willard  Floyd  Spalding,  eldest  son  of  Rollin  Aaron  and  Georgianna 
Francena  (Floyd)  Spalding,  was  born  in  Lynn  Sept.  15,  1872,  and  died 
at  his  home  118  Atlantic  Avenue,  Beach  Bluff,  Dec.  22,  1925. 

He  attended  the  Lynn  public  schools,  graduating  from  the  High 
School,  after  which  he  took  two  years  at  the  Massachusetts  Institute  of 
Technology.  His  early  business  life  was  spent  with  the  firm  of  Adams 
&  Company  in  New  York.  In  1906,  he  became  a  partner  in  the  firm  of 
Collins,  Spalding  &  Company  of  Boston,  continuing  there  till  his  death. 
He  was  a  director  of  the  National  City  Bank  of  Lynn,  succeeding  his 
father  in  1912. 

Mr.  Spalding  held  membership  in  the  Boston  Athletic  Association, 
the  Corinthian  Yacht  Club,  the  Oxford  Club,  Tedesco  Country  Club  of 
which  he  was  secretary,  and  Neighborhood  Club  of  Swampscott.  He 
joined  the  Lynn  Historical  Society  Feb.  21,  1910.  In  politics  he  was  a 
Republican,  while  his  religious  affiliations  were  with  the  Episcopal 
Church. 

He  married  Nancy  Sutton  Lawson  of  Salem,  Nov.  3,  1910,  who 
survives  him  with  his  daughter,  Nancy  Sutton  Spalding. 

For  the  Spalding  genealogy  see  memoir  of  Rollin  A.  Spalding  in  the 
Historical  Society  Register  for  1912,  No.  16,  pp.  43,  44. 


42  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

GEORGE  EVERETT  SPRAGUE 

George  Everett  Sprague,  the  son  of  Charles  Otis  and  Elizabeth 
(Morrill)  Sprague,  was  born  in  Lynn  Sept.  24,  1867.  He  was  educated  in 
the  public  schools  and  his  father  dying  in  1887,  he  entered  his  uncle's 
office  in  the  coal  firm  of  Sprague  &  Breed,  now  Sprague,  Breed,  Stevens 
&  Newhall,  and  was  treasurer  of  the  firm  at  the  time  of  his  death.  He 
was  a  director  of  the  Central  National  Bank  and  a  member  of  the  Oxford 
and  Tedesco  Country  Clubs,  and  of  the  Lynn  Historical  Society  joining 
Oct.  8,  1909.  He  married,  in  1904,  Estelle  Annette  Plzzini,  of  Baltimore, 
who  survives  him  with  two  children,  Lucilla  and  George  Everett,  Jr.  He 
died  very  suddenly  on  June  5,  1924. 

Edward^  Sprague,  of  England,  son  William  and  brothers,  came  to 
Salem  in  1628,  settled  in  Hingham  in  1636.  Jonathan^,  (1648-1741) 
located  in  Providence  on  land  left  him  by  his  father  before  1680;  m, 
Mehitable  Holbrook.  William-^,  b.  1691  ;  m.  1714,  Alice  Brown.  Nehe- 
miah*,  b.  1717;  m.  1738,  Mary  Brown.  Elias^,  b.  1744;  m.  1764,  Mercy 
Basset.  Preserved*',  b,  Oct.  17,  1777;  m.  Joanna  Trask.  Benjamin',  b. 
Aug.  2,  1819;  m.  Nov.  17,  1839,  Susan  Ireson.  Charles  Otis^,  b.  Mar. 31, 
1840;  m.  M.  Elizabeth  Morrill.     George  Everett^. 


MARIA  ISALiCLLE  (GOODELL)  STACY 

Maria  Isabelle  (Goodell)  Stacy  was  born  in  Peabody,  Mass.,  on  Sept. 
19,  1858.  She  was  married  to  Charles  Warren  Stacy  at  Nahant  on  Dec. 
19,  1878,  and  died  there  on  May  26,  1923,  survived  by  her  husband. 

Mrs.  Stacy's  father,  Byron  (Goodell),  was  born  Jan.  9,  1835,  in 
Lynn,  son  of  Enoch  and  Lucretia  (Goodridge)  Goodell.  Enoch,  one  of 
the  old  time  shoemakers,  was  born  in  Salem,  the  son  of  James  Goodell 
(Goodale),  a  captain  sailing  in  the  merchant  service  between  Salem  and 
the  East.  Lucretia  Goodridge  was  the  oldest  of  eleven  children  of 
Bailey  Goodridge,  of  Lynn,  and  Betsy,  born  Collins,  descended  from  the 
Derby  family  of  Salem.  She  was  born  in  the  old  Goodridge  house,  built 
in  1798,  which  stands  on  the  knoll  at  the  west  end  of  Floating  Bridge. 

Mrs.  Stacy'i  mother,  Maria  Elizabeth,  was  horn  in  Nova  Scotia,  the 
daughter  of  Nicolas  and  Isabella  (Stuart)  Owens,  whose  parents  were 
born  in  Wales  and  Scotland,  retpectivel}'. 

She  was  a  member  of  the  Nahant  Congregational  Church,  of  the 
Nahant  Ladies'  Aid  Society,  and  piesident  of  that  Society  for  seventeen 
years.  She  was  a  charter  member  of  the  Nahant  Woman's  Club,  and 
also  a  member  of  the  Nahant  Dickens  Circle,  Lynn  Woman's  Club,  Lynn 
Historical  Society,  which  she  joined  June  16,  1913,  and  "The  Rangers." 


MARIA    ISABELLE    (GOODELL)    STACY 


MEMOIRS  43 

She  was  a  director  in  the  Nahant  Auxiliary  of  the  Lynn  chapter  of  the 
American  Red  Cross,  and  was  awarded  a  cerfificate  and  badge  for  work 
in  that  organization. 


JOHN   WARREN  TAPLEY 

John  Warren  Tapley.  son  of  Warren  and  Caroline  Watts  (Smith) 
Tapley  was  born  in  Lynn  Dec.  26,  1853,  and  died  here  Feb.  29,  1924. 
He  attended  the  public  schools,  graduating  from  the  High  School,  and 
entered  the  drug  business  with  his  father.  In  1882,  he  joined  the  firm  of 
Pratt  &  Babb's  Express  Company,  which  later,  consolidated  with  the 
Childs  and  Kent  Company,  became  the  North  Shore  Express  Company. 

Mr.  Tapley  was  a  director  of  the  Essex  Trust  Company,  and  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Oxford  Club,  Tedesco  Country  Club,  Neighborhood  Club. 
Budget  Club  and  Lynn  Historical  Society  which  he  joined  Dec.  20,  1909. 
As  a  young  man  he  attended  the  Unitarian  Church,  but  after  his  marriage 
attended  the  First  Universalist  Church. 

On  November  i,  1876,  he  married  Annah  Gertrude  Stacey,  daughter 
of  Thomas  and  Hannah  Maria  (Johnson)  Stacey  and  had  one  daughter 
Blanche,  the  wife  of  Arthur  K.  Blood.  Mr.  Tapley,  traced  descent  from 
Peter^  Tufts  born  in  England,  died  1700,  through  John^,  born  in  Maiden. 
1665,  Peter^,  1697,  Samuel*,  1737,  Lydia^,  who  married  John  Tapley, 
Warren^,  John  Warren''. 


ADDIE  LIZZIE  THYNG 

Addle  Lizzie  Thyng,  daughter  of  Jacob  G.  and  Julia  A.  (Cressey) 
Thyng,  was  born  in  Lynn,  Aug.  28,  1859.  ^^''  home,  for  many  years, 
was  at  No.  19  Cherry  Street;  she  died  at  Nottingham,  N.  H.,  July  15, 
1925,  while  visiting  her  sister. 

She  attended  the  Grammar  and  High  schools  of  Lynn  and  the  Salem 
Normal  School,  which  prepared  her  for  her  work  of  teaching  in  the 
public  schools,  1880  to  i8yt.  This  was  followed  by  twenty-six  years 
(1893-1919)  of  faithful  service  with  Ginn  &  Co.  publishers,  of  Boston. 
Miss  Thyng  was  a  member  of  the  18S4  Club  and  for  many  years  a  member 
of  the  Cent'-al  Congregational  Church  Sht  joined  the  Lynn  Historical 
Society,  September  18,  191 1. 


44  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

EDWARD  PRESTON  USHER 

Edsvard  Preston  Usher,  the  son  of  Roland  Greene  and  Caroline 
(Mudge)  Usher,  was  born  in  Ljnn,  Nov.  19,  185 1,  and  died  at  his  home 
in  Grafton,  Dec.  26,  1923. 

Roland  Greene  Usher  was  prominent  in  civic  and  state  affairs  for 
thirty  years.  During  the  Civil  War,  he  was  pajmaster-in-chief  of  three 
departments,  being  brevetted  Lieutenant  Colonel  when  mustered  out. 
For  the  years  i866-68,  he  was  Mayor  of  Lynn,  for  eight  years  he  was 
United  States  Marshal  and  for  three  years  Warden  of  the  State  Prison 
at  Concord. 

Edward  Preston  his  son,  graduated  from  Harvard  in  1873,  receiving 
the  degree  of  A.M.  in  1875  and  ofLL.B.  in  1880,  and  practised  law  in 
Boston  twenty  years.  In  1887,  he  moved  to  Grafton  in  order  to  superin- 
tend the  building  of  the  Grafton  and  Upton  Railroad,  of  which  he  was 
president  for  twenty  years.  He  was  also  president  of  the  Milford  and 
Hopedale  Street  Railway  from  1S90  to  1895,  and  of  the  Hopcdale  Electric 
Company  from  1893-1898.  He  devised  a  new  type  of  cell,  by  which 
the   cars    were   run    successfully,    and    secured   twelve   patents   thereon. 

Mr.  Usher's  writings  were  as  varied  as  his  interests  and  talents.  In 
1873,  he  wrote  an  ode  for  the  dedication  of  the  Soldiers  Monument;  in 
1886,  a  treatise  on  the  "Law  of  Sales  of  Personal  Property";  a  memorial 
volume  to  his  father  on  his  death  in  1895,  containing  a  full  genealogy  of 
the  Usher  family ;  followed  by  three  volumes  on  ecclesiastical  subjects — 
"Protestantism",  1896,  "The  Church's  attitude  toward  Truth",  1907,  and 
"The  Greek  Gospel",  in  1909,  indicating  his  interest  in  the  Modernist 
movement  in  the  Episcopal  Church,  of  which  he  was  a  member.  Po- 
litically, his  opinions  were  with  the  Democratic  party,  but  after  1895, 
he  was  a  Republican.  He  was  a  charter  member  of  the  Lynn  Historical 
Society  (Apr.  27,  1897). 

Mr.  Usher  married,  June  25,  1879,  Adela  Louise  Payson  whose 
emigrant  ancestor,  Edward  Payson,  married,  in  1642,  Mary,  a  niece  of 
John  Eliot,  the  Apostle  to  the  Indians.  Mrs.  Usher  died  in  1922  and  Mr. 
Usher  Dec.  26,  1923.  Three  sons  survive  them, — Professor  Roland  Greene 
Usher,  head  of  the  department  of  history  at  Washington  University,  St. 
Louis,  and  author  of  "Pan-Germanism",  "Winning  of  the  War",  "Pan- 
Americanism",  "The  Pilgrims  and  their  History",  "Story  of  the  Great 
War",  and  other  works;  Professor  Abbott  Payson  Usher,  of  Harvard 
University,  and  Edward  Preston  Usher  of  Grafton.  A  younger  son 
Albert  Morse  Usher  was  wounded  in  action  in  France  and  died  in  a  Fiench 
hospital  in  1918. 

Robert!  Usher  of  Stamford,  Connecticut,  the  emigrant  ancestor  was 
admitted  a  freeman  at   New  Haven  July  i,  1644;  Robert^,  John^,  Robert*, 


MEMOIRS  45 

Eleazar^,  Roland  Greene^,  Edward  Preston^  who  alec  traced  his  descent 
through  his  mother  from  Thomas^  Mudge,  John^,  John^,  John*,  Enoch^, 
Daniel  Lee",  Caroline  Matilda'',  Edward  Preston^  Usher.— See  Roland  G. 
Usher  Memorial,  for  additional  facts. 


JAMES    HERVEY   VASSAR 

James  Hervey  Vassar,  who  was  of  French  and  Dutch  descent,  was 
born  in  Poughkeepsie,  New  York,  Oct.  ao,  1839.  He  was  the  son  of 
William  and  Mary  (Hagerman)  Vassar,  and  grandson  of  Thomas  Vassar, 
who,  with  his  brother  James,  came  to  New  York  from  Taddenham,  Nor- 
folk, England,  in  October,  1796,  and  in  the  following  spring  settled  in 
Poughkeepsie.  The  grandfather  of  Thomas  was  French  and  bore  the 
name  of  Le  Vassaur.  He  left  France  because  of  persecution  for  his 
Protestant  views,  going  to  England  where  the  name  was  changed  to 
Vassar.  One  early  ancestor  was  knighted  by  Louis  XIV  for  conspicuous 
bravery  in  battle.  The  crest  is  a  gauntleted  arm  lifting  a  sword,  with  the 
words,  "Tien  le  droit,"  "Hold  to  the  right."  Matthew  Vassar,  who 
founded  Vassar  College,  was  a  cousin.  Mary  Hagerman  traced  her 
descent  from  old  Dutch  families  of  New  York. 

At  the  beginning  of  the  Civil  war,  Mr.  Vassar  enlisted  in  the  150th 
New  York  Volunteers,  becoming  Captain  during  the  service  and  was 
mustered  out  following  the  grand  review  in  Washington  in  1865.  He 
then  came  to  Lynn  where  his  brother,  the  Rev.  Thomas  Vassar,  was 
pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  Church,  and  resided  here  till  his  death.  He 
served  as  clerk  in  the  United  States  Sub-Treasury  in  Boston  for  about 
fifty  years. 

In  1870,  Mr.  Vassar  married  Henrietta  Rice,  of  Worcester,  daughter 
of  George  M.  and  Rutha  Rice,  who  was  a  descendant  of  the  Peregrine 
White  family.  He  died  July  28,  1925,  and  his  wife  survives  him  with 
their  daughter,  Mary  White  Vassar.  He  was  a  member  of  the  First 
Baptist  Church  for  more  than  fifty  years  and  a  deacon  for  about  forty 
years.     He  joined  the  Lynn  Historical  Society  Apr.  20,  1915. 


46  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

NECROLOGY 


The  Council  will  be  grateful  if  the  families  of  those,  whose  names 
are  in  the  following  list,  will  communicate  with  Miss  Susan  L.Johnson, 
Chairman  of  the  Necrology  Committee,  55  Atlantic  Street,  Lynn,  at  it 
is  desired  to  have  as  many  memoirs  as  possible  prepared. 
Date  of  Election  Died 

Sept.  19,  1904    Jesse  T.  Sutherland   Feb,  24,  1921 

June   I,    1897     Dr.  William  O'Shea Nov.   12,1921 

Jan.  15,   1906     Nellie  H.  Thompson  (Mrs.  Edwin  J.) Dec.  25,   1921 

Apr.  22,  1903     Annie  O.  (Bixby)  Stewart  (Mrs.  Samuel  B.)  May       ,  1922 

Oct.  18,  1909     Lester  Joseph  Crawford     Dec.   17,  1932 

May  15,  1905     Alice  Maria  Breed  (Mrs.  Joseph)    Sept.  12,  1923 

April  15,  1923     Mrs.  Ernest  R.  Coombs    Mar.  1924 

Mar.  II,  1920     Nellie  Forman  Rodman  (Mrs.  Fred  B.)     ....June  16,  1925 


Lynn  Historical  Society 


Lynn  Massachusetts 


OrriCEPS  AND  MIlMBERS 

APRIL  24,  1929 
Number  24,  Part  II 


flu  J^aa^-^  o^  ^u^ 

Lym  Historical  Society 

Lynn  Massachusetts 


OrriCERS  AND  MEMBCP5 
APRIL  24,  1929 
Number  24,  Part  II 


r74- 


I 


OFFICERS  —  1929 


BENJAMIN  NEWHALL  JOHNSON 

Vt'ce  /^residents 

CHARLES  E.  HAYWOOD  FRED  A.  WILSON 

KENDALL  A.  SANDERSON 

Secretary 
ELLEN  MUDGE  BURRILL 

Treasurer 
RUPERT  WARD  JAQUES 
Council: — The  above  Ex-Officiis  and  : — 

Until  January,  1930 

John  Albree  Mrs.  Micajah  P.  Clough 

Horace  H.  Atherton,  Jr.  Dr.  Carolus  M.  Cobb 

Louis  A.  Atherton  Frank  W.  Mace 

Until  January,  1931 

George  S.  Bliss  William  Gerry  Keene 

Mrs.  Nathaniel  P.  Breed  Henry  A.  Sawyer 

Ira  J.  Haskell  Mary  A.  Townsend 

Until  January,  1932 

Harrison  P.  Burrill  Sallie  H.  Hacker 

Mrs.  Edward  B.  Clarke  Henry  R.  Mayo 

Micajah  P.  Clough  Mrs.  George  E.  Pillsbury 


Ctislodians 
—,  House  and  Grounds 


John  Albree,  Books  and  Pamphlets 
George  S.  Bliss,  Photographs 


Membership  List 
April  24,  1929 

Members  are  requested  to  inform  the  Secretary  of  any  changfe  in  address. 


HONORARY   MEMBER 
June  19,  191 1.      Hutt,  Frank  Walcott 7  Cedar  St.,  Taunton 


MEMBERS 


The  names  of  both  life  members  and  members  are  inserted  in  alphabetical  order  with- 
out  distinction,  except  by  an  asterisk.  Where  there  are  two  dates  of  membership  the  first 
is  that  of  election  as  member.     Some  of  the  life  members  were  not  previously  members. 

Titles  are  not  stated  excepting  those  of  clergymen  and  physicians. 

Maj  16,  1910.  Abbott,  Alice  Goodsell  (Mrs.  Frederic  Bassett) 

37  Nahant  PI. 

Feb-  28,  1929.  Abbott,  Frederick  Bassett 37  Nahant  PI. 

Oct.  20,  1902.  Albree,  John 279  Humphrey  St.,  Swainpscott 

Oct.  21,  1907.  Alden,  Grace  Crafts 126  Johnson  St. 

July  29,  1901.  Allen,  Eliza  Maria  (Mrs.  Walter  B.)   .    .    .  2  Walden  St. 

May  23,  1904.  Allen,  Helen  N 114  Henry  Ave. 

Nov.  15,  1909.  Ames,  George  Frederick 136  Euclid  Ave. 

Sept.  18,  1911.  Andrew^,  John  Charles  States    .    .  20  Beacon  St.,  Boston 

Oct.  21,  1907.  Andrews,  Flora  Hamlin  (Mrs.  Edwin  F.),  11  ShepardSt. 

Feb.  20,  1905.  Aspinwall,  Minnie  Ida 29  Beacon  Hill  Ave. 

July  26,  1909.  Atherton,  Albert  Henry 178  Ocean  St. 

July  26,  1909.  Atherton,  Carrie  Alice  (Mrs.  Albert  H.)    .  178  Ocean  St. 

June  20,  1910.  Atherton,  Horace  Hale,  Jr 17  Ocean  Ter. 

Jan.  12,  1928.  Atherton,  Louis  A Tiptop  Rd.,  Swampscott 

Jan.  12,  1928.  Atherton,  Marian  Porter  (Mrs.  Louis  A.) 

Tiptop  Rd.,  Swampscott 

April  29,  1926.  Atkinson,  Alice  Maria 17  Sidney  Ave. 


6  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

April  29,  1926.      Atkinson,  Grace 17  Sidney  Ave. 

April  29,  1926.       Atkinson,  Mary  Elizabeth 17  Sidney  Ave. 

July  21,1913.  Attwill,  Flora  May  (Mrs.  Giistavus)    .    .    .   48  Broad  St. 

April  27,  1897.      Atwood,  Luther 8  Sagamore  St. 

Mar.  17,  1919.        Bacheller,  Lizzie  L 22  Franklin  St. 

Nov.  9,  1927.  Bailey,  Jane  V.  (Mrs.  Richard  A.)  •    •    •    •   31  Tudor  St. 

April  21,  1913.  *i3aker,  Mary  Corwith  (Mrs.  Alfred  L.),  Lake  Forest,  111. 

Jan.  3,  1927.  Bancroft,  George  William 91  Lake  View  Ave. 

Feb.  15,  1904.  Bangs,  Charles  Howard,  M.  I). 

293  Humphrey  St.,  Swampscott 

Mar.  12,  1900.       Barker,  Ralph  Emerson 76  Hamilton  Ave. 

Aug.  21,  1916.       Barnes,  J.  Edgar 25  Verona  St. 

Aug.  21,  1916.  Barnes,  Jennie  L.Murkland  (Mrs.  J.  Edgar)  25  Verona  St. 

Sept.  21,  1923.  Barney,  Caroline  Clark  (Mrs.  Edw.  M.)  21  Baltimore  St. 

April  27,  1897.  Barney,  Charles  Neal  .    .    .  Barclay  Rd.,  Scarsdale,  N.Y. 

Sept.  21,  1923.       Barney,  Edward  Mitchell 21  Baltimore  St. 

Feb.  20,  1905.        Barney,  Lydia  Louise 8  Portland  St. 

June  20,  1904.  Barney,  Maizie  Blaikie  (Mrs.  C.  Neal) 

Barclay  Rd.,  Scarsdale,  N.  Y. 

April  21,  1913.     *Barry,  Eugene • Ayer 

April  27,  1S97.      Barry,  John  Mathew i75  Ocean  St. 

Dec.  20,  1909.        Barry,  Joseph  Lewis 23  Tudor  St. 

Oct.  28,  1901.        Barry,  William  Joseph 568  Essex  St. 

Oct.  25,  1926,        Barry,  William  Paul 568  Essex  St. 

July  I,  1923.  Barstow,  Mrs.  Joanna  O •    .    .  70  Hershel  St. 

Jan.  13,  1927.         Bartlett,  Bertha  Belle 67  Bellevue  Rd. 

Jan.  28,  1898.  Bartlett,  Ella  Doak  (Mrs.  John  S.)    •    •    •  61  Atlantic  St. 

Feb.  16,  1914.        Batchelder,  Elmer  Greenleaf 72  Nahant  St. 

Feb.  21,  1910.        Batchelder,  George  Hill 23  Lincoln  St. 

April  10,  1923.       Bates,  William  H.,Jr 23  Sagamore  St. 

April  21,  1902.      Bauer,  Ralph  Sherman 70  Cherry  St. 

Dec.  15,  1926.  Bayrd,  Blanche  Simpson  (Mrs.  Frank  A.) 

158  Webster  St.,  Maiden 

Dec.  15,  1926.        Bayrd,  Frank  Arthur 15S  Webster  St.,  Maiden 

Oct.  20,  1913.  *Beardsell,  Edith  Tapley  (Mrs.  George  R.),  20  Prescott  Rd. 

Dec.  20,  1909.  Bennett,  Alice  Emogen  (Mrs.  William  H.)  10  Deer  Cove 

July  21,  1913.  Benz,  Edith  Louise  (Mrs.  Jacob  C.)    .    .    234  Ocean  St. 

Oct.  18,  1909.  Berg,  Tekla  Ainalia  Josefina,  M.  D.  .    .    .    109  Broad  St. 

Feb.  21,  1910.  Berry,  Mabel  Lavinia  (Mrs.  Henry  N.)    .    54  Nahant  St. 

April  10,  1923.      Besse,  Ada  Viola 80  Chatham  St. 

April  10,  1923.      Besse,  Maude  Leslie 80  Chatham  St. 

Feb.  17,   1913.  Bessom,  Abbie  Ellen  (Mrs.  William  B.)    75  Superior  St. 

Nov.  24,  1897.       Bliss,  George  Spencer n  Light  St. 


MEMBERS  7 

April  27,  1S97.  Bliss,  Mary  Gerry  Brown  (Mrs.  George  S.)  11  Light  St. 
April  15,  1929.  *Blood,  Arthur  Kimball  .  .  73  Atlantic  Ave.,  Swampscott 
April  15,  1929.    *Blood,  Blanche  Stacey  (Mrs.  Arthur  K.) 

73  Atlantic  Ave.,  Swampscott 

Nov.    I  ?,   IQOQ.  1 

h*Blood,  Ch?.rles  Otis  .    .   Chestnut  St.,  Lynnfield  Center 
May  19,  1913.    ' 

Oct.  28,  1898.        Blood,  Eldredge  Hugh  ...  10  Fuller  Ter.,  Swampscott 

Nov.  17,  1913.       Blood,  Helen  Buffington  (Mrs.  Arthur  J.) 

9  Humphrey  Ter.,  Swampscott 

Nov.  15,  1909. ")  *Blood,  Lizzie  Brown  (Mrs.  Charles  O.) 

July  7,  1926.     J  Chestnut  St.,  Lynnfield  Center 

June  19,  1916.        Blood,  L.  Annie  (Mrs.  Eldredge  H.) 

10  Fuller  Ter.,  Swampscott 
Dec.  20,  1905.        Boardman,  Edith  Davis  (Mrs.  Charles  H.) 

25  Grosvenor  Pk. 
Nov.  17,  1913.     *Bogardus,  Anna  Clough  (Mrs.  Frederick  R.) 

48  Atlantic  Ave.,  Swampscott 

July  26,  1909.        Boyer,  Elmer  Elsworth 165  Lynnfield  St. 

Nov.  3,  1921.         Breed,  Annie  Bancroft 52  Broad  St. 

Oct.  18,  1909,  Breed,  Charles  Norcross  .  35  Atlantic  Ave.,  Swampscott 
Feb.  9,  1925.  Breed,  Clara  M.,  The  Cairo  Hotel, 

Que.  at  i6th  St.,  N.W.,  Washington,  D.C. 
Sept.  19,  1910.  Breed,  Edith  Gove  (Mrs.  George  Herbert)  .  24  Wave  St. 
Sept.  19,  1904.       Breed,  Effie  Thomson  (Mrs.  Nathaniel  P.) 

9  Washington  Sq. 
April  26,  1900.  Breed,  Florence  Louise  (Mrs.  Warren  M.)  i9Nahant  St. 
Nov.  28,  1899.       Breed,  Frances  Tucker  (Mrs.  George  A.)    .  56  Basset  St. 

Feb.  21,  1910.        Breed,  Francis  Stewart 26  Grosvenor  Pk. 

Nov.  3,  1921.         Breed,  Mary  Blake .52  Broad  St. 

Jan.  ID,  1929.  Breed,  Mary  Phillips  (Mrs.  T.  Harlan)  .  .  77  Green  St. 
Feb.  17,  1913.        Breed,  Melora  Thayer  (Mrs.  Charles  N.) 

35  Atlantic  Ave.,  Swampscott 

April  22,  1903.      Breed,  Nathaniel  Pope,  M.  D 9  Washington  Sq. 

April  18,  1921.      Breed,  Sarah  Ellen 69  Newhall  St. 

April  27,  1S97.      Breed,  Stephen  Lovejoy 81  Parkland  Ave. 

April  27,  1897.      Breed,  Warren  Mudge 19  Nahant  St. 

Jan.  19,  1914.        Breed,  Willie  Rich ...  3  Breed  Ter. 

Mar.  26,  1901.       Brock,  Charlotte  Farnsworth  (Mrs.  George  E.) 

15  Sparhawk  St.,  Brighton 
Oct.  24,  1914.        Brockway,  Mrs.  Alice  Pickford 

131  Kilsyth  Rd.,  Brookline 
Sept.  30,  1901.      Brown,  Bethany  Smith 83  Green  St. 


8  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

Nov.  19,  1925.      Brown,  Elizabeth  B.  (Mrs.  Robert  L.) 

10  Hillcrest  Cir.,  Swampscott 

Sept.  10,  1913.      Brown,  Isabelle  Bullard  (Mrs.  Lawrence  E.) 

254  Ocean  St. 

Sept.  10,  1913.      Brown,  Lawrence  Everett 254  Ocean  St. 

April  20,  1915.      Brown,  William  AUerton 20  Nahant  PI. 

May  19,  1903.  Bubier,  Helen  Putnam  (Mrs.  Eugene  H.)    .    47  Estes  St. 

April  27,  1S97.  Bubier,  Nathan  George   .    .     1 1  Hardy  Rd.,  Swampscott 

June  20,  1910.        Buffum,  Walter  Nutting .45  Milk  St.,  Boston 

April  27,  1897.      Bulfinch,  Charles  Frederick 184  Lewis  St. 

April  27,  1897.      Burrill,  Abby  Maria 44  Hanover  St. 

Jan.  16,  1905.    l*Burrill,  Ellen  Mudge 23  Nahant  PI. 

Feb.  17,  1913.  i  '  ^  ■* 

Nov.  19,  1906.  I^P^^^.jj   j^      .         p  23  Nahant  PI. 

Sept.  10,  1913.  i  -^ 

Dec.  20,  1915.        Burrows,  Marion  Cowan,  M.  D.  (Mrs.  Charles  L) 

68  Ocean  St. 

Nov.  15,  1909.       Burrows,  Walter  Irving 21  Wolcott  Rd. 

June  20,  1904.       Butman,  Grace  Everett  (Mrs.  William  W.) 

49  Beacon  Hill  Ave. 

Feb.  16,  1903.  "I  *Buzzell,  Mary  Caroline  (Mrs.  Oscar  W.) 

Mar.  17,  1913.  '  49  Lafayette  Pk. 

Mar.  12,  1929.       Campbell,  Lura  Chellis  (Mrs.  Charles  E.) 

274  Western  Ave. 
Jan.  14,  1926.  Carleton,  Stanley  W.  .  .  .  107  Burrill  St.,  Swampscott 
Jan.  18,  1915.  Carleton,  Ursula  Florence  .  107  Burrill  St.,  Swampscott 
Oct.  20,  1913.        Charles,  Marian  Johnson  (Mrs.  Samuel  B.) 

109  Nahant  St. 

July  21,  1913.         Chase,  Alfred  Endicott 47  Baltimore  St. 

Feb.  2,  1901.  Kgj^^gg  Alice  Breed  (Mrs.  Philip  A.)  .  .  47  Baltimore  Sf 
Mar.  17,  1913.  ' 

Oct.  18,  1915.        Chase,  Alice  Phillippa 47  Baltimore  St. 

Oct.  15,  1906.  \  *Chase,  Grace  Greenwood  (Mrs.  L  Clarkson) 

April  21,  1913- J  206  Ocean  St. 

April  21,  1919.       Chase,  William  H 134  Ocean  St. 

June  20,  1910.        Clarke,  Elizabeth  Putnam,  (Mrs.  Edward  B.) 

252  Ocean  St. 

Sept.  20,  1909.  Clarke,  Nathan  Dane  Appleton  ....  25  Central  Sq. 
Feb.  21,  1910.  Clifford,  Frances  Edna  .  .  .  .  12  Summit  Ave.,  Salem 
April  27,  i897.|*(^,Q^jg|^^  Harriet  Kelley  (Mrs.  Micajah  P.) 253  Ocean  St. 
Mar    17,  1913.  > 

April27,  1897.  U^l^^g^^  ^,jj^jj-^^Pj.3^^ 253  0;>anSt. 

Mar.  17,  1913.  > 

Feb.  21,  1910.        Coates,  Frederic  Sumner,  700  Washington  St.,  Brighton 

Mar.  26,  1901.       Cobb,  Carolus  Melville,  M.  D 739  Lynnfield  St. 


MEMBERS  9 

Oct.  19,  1922.        Coker,  Helen  A.  Burrill  (Mrs.  Charles  Pearson) 

66  Flint  St.,  Somerville 
Dec.  17,  1906.        Colburn,  Gertrude  Scott  (Mrs.  Clifton)  .  2  Sagamore  St. 

April  21,  1919.      Colby,  L.  Hortense 6  Foster  St. 

Dec.  28,  1903.        Collins,  Anna  Louise  (Mrs.  Charles  A.")  .  SPrescottRd. 

Feb.  9,  1925.  Collins,  Sarah  Augusta 44  Breed  St. 

April  18,  1929.       Connery,  Jr.,  William  P.,  House  of  Representatives, 

Washington,  D.C. 

Jan.  28,  1904.         Cowles,  Harriet  Anne i  Classical  Ter. 

Dec.  28,  1900.        Cox,  Frank  Powell    .    .    .   455  Puritan  Rd.,  Swampscott 
Feb.  2,  1901.  Cox,  Mary  Vaughn  (Mrs.  Frank  P.) 

455  Puritan  Rd.,  Swampscott 

Feb.  16,  1914.        Creamer,  Walter  Howard Montreal,  Canada 

April  20,  1915.      Creighton,  Albert  Morton    .    .    Little's  Pt.,  Swampscott 

Aug.  18,  1913.       Creighton,  Bessy  Ella 261  Ocean  St. 

Aug.  18,  1913.       Creighton,  Ella  Hannah  (Mrs.  George  A.)  261  Ocean  St. 

April  27,  1897.      Cross,  Charles  Alfred 12  King  St. 

Oct.  18,  1909.        Currier,  Emily  M.  (Mrs.  Benj.  W.)  80  Ivy  St.,  Brookline 
Aug.  21,  1916.       Currier,  Grace  Silsbee  (Mrs.  Frank  J.) 

16  Brewster  Ter.,  Brookline 

Sept.  10,  1913.       Currier,  Sarah  Maria 49  Fayette  St. 

Jan.  10  1929.  Curry,  Marguerite  V.  J 4  Forest  St. 

Feb. 21,  1910.  1 

Mar    17    ion     >  *Dearborn,  Edward  Dearborn 24  Elm  St. 

Oct.  19,  1922.        Delnow,  Grace  P 9  Cobbet  PI. 

Dec.  19,  1910.  Demarest,  Abby  Wilson  (Mrs.  David) 

31  King's  Beach  Rd. 

June  16,  1902.        Demarest,  David 31  King's  Beach  Rd. 

July  21,  1913.  Doak,  Gertrude  Furber  (Mrs.  William  S.)  61  Atlantic  St. 

April  10,  1923.      Doak,  Mary  Shepard 7  Sagamore  St. 

April  23,  1929.  Dolansky,  Mary  Elizabcth(Mrs.  Frank  J.)  255  Euclid  Ave. 

Aug.  17,  1903.       Donohoe,  Alice  Maud 33  Beacon  Hill  Ave. 

Jan.  16,  1911.  Dorman,  Estelle  Elizabeth  (Mrs.  William  E.) 

157  Ocean  St. 

Oct.  20,  1903.        Dorman,  William  Edwin 157  Ocean  St. 

Sept.  10,  1913.  Downing,  Anne  Dunn  (Mrs.  William  E.)i8  WolcottRd. 

May  15,  1905.        Downing,  William  Ellems      18  Wolcott  Rd. 

Oct.  20,  1926.  Duren,  Martha  Forsyth  (Mrs.  Charles  M.) 

53  Beach  Ave.,  Swampscott 

April  27,  1897.      Earle,  Louise  Snow 23  King  St. 

June  16,  1913.        Earp,  Emily  Anna 13  Nahant  St. 

June  15,  1903.        Eilenberger,  Edgar High  St.,  Ipswich 

Nov.  19.  1906.  Ellis,  Agnes  Jane  (Mrs.  George  M.)  ...  26  Nahant  PI. 

Nov.  19,  1906.       Ellis,  George  Modastus  .       26  Nahant  PI- 


•  ^5'  ^9°9"  l*French,  Edward  Vinton    .    .    .  185  Franklin  St.,  Boston 
19,  1913.    J 


10  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

Oct.  22,  1926.        Farrow,  Vail  E 60  Essex  St. 

^-    9>    9     •   I  *Falls,  Henry  Bacon Salem  St.,  So.  Lynnfield 

Mar.  17,  1913.  i 

Oct.  18,  1915.  Farnham,  Mrs.  Lucj  Cliinena 281  Ocean  St. 

Dec.  20,  1902.  Farquhar,  John  Malcolm 211  Ocean  St. 

Sept.  10,  1913.  Felt,  Anna  Maria  (Mrs.  William  H.)  .       32  Ocean  Ave. 

Dec.  15,  1913.  Felt,  William  Henrv 32  Ocean  Ave. 

Jan.  17,  1916.  Felton,  James  Porter 12  Grosvenor  Pk. 

Jan.  17,  1916.  Felton,  Josephine  Green  (Mrs.  James  P.) 

12  Grosvenor  Pk. 

May  15,  1905.  Field,  Emma  Judson  (Mrs.  C.  H.)  .    .    .    .  517  Essex  St. 

June  20,  1904.  Fiske,  Maria  Cummings    .......    35  Centre  St. 

Mar.  16,  1914.  Foster,  Helen  Wallace 15  State  St.,  Boston 

Feb.  24,  1902.  Foster,  Susan  Maria  (Mrs.  George)  ....  80  Baker  St. 

•    7)    9     •    L*Fraser,  Eugene  Bartlett 8  Sanderson  Ave. 

Mar.  17,  1913.  i 

Nov. 

May 

Dec.  20,  1909.         French,  Gertrude  Mix  (Mrs.  Henry  R.)    .    .    18  Park  St. 

Dec.  20,  1909.        French,  Henry  Richardson 18  Park  St. 

Nov.  15,  1909.  "I  *French,  Mary  Wentworth  (Mrs.  E.  V.) 

Aug.  18,  1913.  >  185  Franklin  St.,  Boston 

April  22,  1920.       Fuller,  Annabel  Ingalls  (Mrs.  Lawrence  U.)44  Breed  St. 

April  22,  1920.       Fuller,  Lawrence  Usher 44  Breed  St. 

April  I,  1929.        Furbish,  Mary  A 30  Rogers  Ave. 

Oct.  18,  1909.         Gage,  Anna  Lincoln  (Mrs.  Frank  H.) 

130  Atlantic  Ave.,  Swampscott 

Oct.  18,  1909.         Gage,  Frank  Herbert  .    .  130  Atlantic  Ave.,  Swampscott 

Sept.  30,  1901.       Gale,  Sadie  Martin  (Mrs.  Frank  IL) 

4  Lowell  Rd.,  Schenectady,  N.  Y. 

Nov.  15,  1909.       Goddard,  Frederick  Augustine 151  Ocean  St. 

Dec.  19,  1910.        Goldsmith,  Mary  Ann  Choate  (Mrs.  William  F.) 

12  Mason  St. 

Feb.  9,  1925.  Goldthwait,  Emily  H 93  Nahant  St. 

"^'       '    9     •  (  *Goodell,  Addie  Grace 4  Broad  St. 

Mar.  17,  1913.  ' 

Feb.  2,  1901.  Goodridge,  Charles  Sewall  .  34  Walker  Rd.,  Swampscott 

Jan.  20,  1907.  Goodridge,  Nellie  Marsh  (Mrs.  Charles  S.) 

34  Walker  Rd.,  Swampscott 

April  13,  1929.      Grant,  George  Benjamin 113  Grove  St. 

Oct.  20,  1902.  Green,  Susan  Frances  (Mrs.  Charles  L.)  13  Portland  St. 

Nov.  15,  1909.        Grover,  Byron  Eugene 179  Ocean  St. 

Nov.  15,  1909.       Grover,  James  Hubert 40  Baltimore  St. 


MEMBERS  II 

July  26,  1909.  |*Q,.over,  Mary  Rogers  (Mrs.  Charles  S.)    .   175  Ocean  St. 

July  21,  1913.  i 

Sept.  10,  1913.       Grover,  Maude  Durrell  (Mrs.  James  H.),  40  Baltimore  St. 

July  I,  1923.  Gunn,  Jessie  T 7  Lafayette  Pk. 

April  27,  1897.      Hacker,  Sallie  Hannaford 254  Ocean  St. 

April  30,  1925.      Hammond,  Charles  A. 

24  Westchester  Ave.,  Mt.  Vernon,  N.  Y. 

April  27,  1897.      Hannan,  Joseph  Francis 15  Grosvenor  Pk. 

Feb.  21,  1910.        Harding,  Julia  Barnes  (Mrs.  Joseph  W.)  .   33  Nahant  St. 
April  10,  1923.       Hargraves,  Lillian  Rhoby  (Mrs.  Carlton  Jewett) 

50  Charlesgate,  East  Boston 

Oct.  7,  1913.     I  *Harmon,  Harriet  Briggs    ....   89  North  Common  St. 
Apr.  20,  1914.   > 

Dec.  19,  1910.        Harney,  Patrick  Joseph 57  Breed  St. 

Jan.  20,  1913.         Harthan,  Annie  Hinks  (Mrs.  Charles  E.)  265  Boston  St. 

Jan.  20,  1913.         Harthan,  Charles  Emerson 265  Boston  St. 

Mar.  16,  1914.        Harwood,  Nellie  Irene  (Mrs.  Charles  E.) 

104  High  Rock  St. 

Aug.  21,  1916.       Haskell,  Ira  Joseph 17  Currier  Rd. 

Aug.  21,  1916.       Haskell,  Lillian  Rogers  (Mrs.  Ira  J.)  .    .    17  Currier  Rd. 

Nov.  28,  1899.       Hastings,  Charles  Houghton 163  Ocean  St. 

April  21,  1919.      Hawkes,  Alice 2  Walden  St. 

Sept.  21,  1928.       Hawkes,  Emily  Hood  (Mrs.  Arthur  L.) 

Walnut  St.,  No.  Saugus 
Mar.  11;,  1909.       Haywood,  Annie  Cowles  (Mrs.  Charles  E.)   11  Baker  St. 

Mar.  11;,  1909.       Haywood,  Charles  Edward 11  Baker  St. 

April  5,  1929.        Haywood,  George  William,  M.D 26  Mace  Place 

April  ID,  1923.      Herbert,  George  C 17  Chatham  St. 

April  10,  1923.      Hildenbrand,  Ruth  B.  (Mrs.  George  J.)  98  Eastern  Ave. 

Mar.  26,  1901.       Hill,  George  Barnum 127  Ocean  St. 

April  II,  1929.      Hiller,  Gertrude  Irving 85  Kirtland  St. 

Nov.  15,  1909.       Hines,  John  Joseph 29  Greystone  Pk. 

Feb.  16,  1903.        Hitchcock,  Eliza  Preble  (Mrs.  Fred  S.)  .  154  Jenness  St. 

April  27,  1899.      Hitchings,  James  Winchester 176  Ocean  St. 

June  19,  1917.        Hixon,  Frederick  Warren 48  Brimblecom  St. 

June  19,  1917.        Hixon,  Grace  Hamilton  (Mrs.  Frederick  W.) 

48  Brimblecom  St. 
Dec.  28,  1900.        Hixon,  Lucilla  Delia  (Mrs.  Warren  S.)   19  Harwood  St. 

Dec.  28,  1900.        Hixon,  Warren  Sewall      19  Harwood  St. 

Feb.  21,  1910.        Hobby,  Walter  Remington      48  New  Park  St. 

Oct.  20,  1902.        Hodgdon,  Charles  Ellsworth 

95  Banks  Rd.,  Swampscott 


12  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

Nov.  7,  1927.         Hodgkins,  Nathan  W 333  Union  St. 

Nor.  17,  1919.       Hogan,  George  F 14  Central  Ave. 

Mar.  27,  1900.       Holder,  Harriet  Ella 9  Tapley  St. 

Nov.  15,  1923.        Holder,  Henry  Allen 22  Grosvenor  Pk. 

Nov.  17,  1913.       Holder,  Jesse  Morgan 60  Atlantic  St. 

Nov.  I,  1928.         Holder,  Joyce  Bisbee  (Mrs.  Jesse  M.)  .    .  60  Atlantic  St, 

Not.  15,  1923.       Holder,  Lucy  Keene  (Mrs.  Henry  A.),  22  Grosvenor  Pk. 

Oct.  19,  1922.        HoUis,  Sarah  A 16  Newhall  St. 

Sept.  10,  1913.       Holt,  Florence 15  Keene  St. 

Sept.  19,  1904.       Homan,  Maria  Josephine  (Mrs.  Henry  H.) 

23  Fearless  Ave. 

Oct.  19,  1922.         Houghton,  Harriet  Phillips 31  Franklin  St. 

April  27,  1897.       Howe,  Oliver  Raymond 58  Shepard  St. 

Oct.  21,  1926.         Howe,  Virginia  de  B.  (Mrs.  Frederic  W.) 

79  Greenwood  Ave.,  Swampscott 

May  14,  1923.        Hudson,  Edith  N 124  Ocean  St. 

April  20,  1915.       Humphrey,  Irene  Mudge(Mr8.  Roy  S.)  435  Chatham  St. 

July  I,  1924.  Ingalls,  Alfred  Wesley 26  Basset  St. 

July  I,  1924.  Ingalls,  Myra  Elizabeth  (Mrs.  Alfred  W.)  .  26  Basset  St. 

Jan.  17,  1900.         Ingalls,  Robert  Collyer 9  Portland  St. 

Feb.  21,  1910.       Jaques,  Rupert  Ward  .  20  Greenwood  Ave.,  Swampscott 

Feb.  21,  1910.       Jarvis,  Charlotte  Matilda  (Mrs.  Charles  Edwin) 

124  Ocean  St. 

Jan.  27,  1902.         Johnson,  Addie  Mabel  (Mrs.  A.  Justus) 

137  Ehnwood  Rd.,  Swampscott 

Aoril  27    i8q7.  ") 

F         /.      ^'*  Wjohnson,  Beniamin  Newhall 109  Nahant  St. 

Oct.  20,  1913.   J    ■<  '         J 

Oct.  20,  1913.      *Johnson,  Benjamin  Newhall,  Jr 109  Nahant  St. 

Sept.  16,  1912.       Johnson,  Charles  Hudson 

137  Elmwood  Rd.,  Swampscott 

Oct.  19,  1922.        Johnson,  Edith  Varney,  M.  D.  (Mrs.  Harold  A.) 

45  Nahant  St. 

Mar.  8,  1929.        Johnson,  Ella  M.  Winn  (Mrs.  William  A.) 

9  Lynn  Shore  Dr. 

April  7,  1899.        Johnson,  Lizzie  Bishop  (Mrs.  Edwin  H.) 

181  North  Common  St. 

Dec.  22,  1897.        Johnson,  Lydia  Hacker(Mrs.  A.  Dudley)i6  Shepard  St. 

Oct.  20,  1913.       *Johnson,  Richard  Vernon 109  Nahant  St. 

Oct.  20,  1913.      *John8on,   Romilly 109  Nahant  St. 

June  25,  1906.  \    ^   .  .,  ,       .  s,.\     ^i    c- 

■'.       .,  t*Tohnson,  Susan  Louisa 55  Atlantic  St. 

April  10,  1913.  >    •>  ' 

Mar.  26,  1929.      *Keene,  Gerry 1 1  Grosvenor  Pk. 


MEMBERS  13 

Jan.  20,  1907.  Keene,  Susanne  Newhall  (Mrs.  William  G.) 

II  Grosvenor  Pk. 

Nov.  13,  1899.  Keene,  William  Gerry 11  Grosvenor  Pk. 

Oct.  20,  1913.  Kelley,  Lucy  Proctor 51  Breed  St. 

April  10,  1913.  Kennedy,  Mrs.  Wallace  E.  .  82  Chestnut  St.,  E.  Saugus 

July  36,  1909.  Kirkpatrick,  George  Holland,  M.D 64  Broad  St. 

Oct.  15,  1927.  Kreidler,  Jane  Thomas  (Mrs.  Ralph)  .    .    .  27  Broadway 

April  II,  1929.  Lawrence,  Herman  Joseph 11  Broad  St. 

July  26,  1909.  Leonard,  James  Wilkes 126  Ocean  St. 

Dec.  26,  1900.  Lewis,  Carrie  Shillaber  (Mrs.  Lloyd  G.)  17  Baltimore  St. 

Sept.  10,  1913.  Lewis,  Eliza  Needham  (Mrs.  Edward  E.)  la  Rockland  St. 

Nov.  15,  1915.  Lewis,  Salome  Annie  (Mrs.  Willard  F.) 

312  Humphrey  St.,  Swampscott 

Sept.  16,  1912-  l«Little,  Alexander  Everett 264  Ocean  St. 

Sept.  10,  1913.  J 

ep  .  I   ,  191   .  I  ^j^.j^j.j     Lillian  Abbie  (Mrs.  Alexander  E.)  264  Ocean  St. 
Sept,  10,  1913.  )  ' 

Jan.  37,  1899.         Little,  Mary  Frances  (Mrs.  William  B.)  .   13  Nahant  St. 
April  7,  1899.        Littlefield,  Horatia  Appleton  (Mrs.  William  B.) 

35  Franklin  St. 
April  10,  1923,      Littlefield,  Imogene  B.  (Mrs.  Horace  Greeley) 

464  Western  Ave. 

Dec.  20,  1909.        Lord,  George  Francis 18  Wave  St. 

July  31,  1913.         Lougee,  George  Woodworth,  M.D 57  Estes  St. 

Oct      18,     1909.       1  ,         T^  ,    ,, 

„     ^  MLoveioy,  Charles  Averill,  M.D 64  Broad  St. 

Sept.  10,  1913.  J  J  -"  ^ 

May  20,  1898.        Lummus,  Henry  Tilton 11  Wolcott  Rd. 

Dec.  17,  1906.       Mace,  Florence  Hall  (Mrs  Frank  W.)    ...    15  Mace  PI. 

Mar.  21,  1904.       Mace,  Frank  William 15  Mace  PI. 

Oct.  23,  1907.        Macfarlane,  G.  Sidney no  Beacon  Hill  Ave. 

April27,  1897.  J  ^j^     ^^^g   p^j.j..^j^g  247  Ocean  St. 

Feb.  28,  1913./         &         '  J 

Oct.  15,  1917.         Manning,  Katherine  Morgan  (Mrs.  Harry  G.) 

194  Maple  St. 

June  16,  1913.        Mansfield,  Addie  Augusta 66  Lewis  St. 

Feb.  16,  1914.        Marsh,  Arthur 343  Chestnut  St. 

July  26,  1909.         Marsh,  Helen  Marie  (Mrs.  Frank  A.  E.) 

Bellerose,  Queens  P.O.,  Long  Island,  N.  Y. 

Feb.  16,  1914.        Marsh,  Mary  Elizabeth  Noyes  (Mrs.  Arthur) 

243  Chestnut  St. 

April  20,  1915.      Mayo,  Esther  Hacker  (Mrs.  Henry  R.)  .  4  Prescott  Rd. 

April  20,  1915.      Mayo,  Henry  Rogers 4  Prescott  Rd. 


14  I>YNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

June  I,  1897.         McArthur,  Annie  E.  (Mrs.  John  A.) 

Via  Cartardo,  Genoa,  Italy 
Feb.  28,  1913.        McCarty,  William  Henry,  Bradley  Ave.,  Phillips  Beach 

Feb.  18,  1909.        Merrill,  Albert  Rowe Hamilton 

Jan.  2,  1923.  Merrill,  Martha  R.  (Mrs.  Harry  W.) 

Water  St.,  North  Saugus 

July  9,  1924.  Merritt,  Blanche  Lillian 9  Portland  St. 

Jan.  I,  1926.  Miller,  Ida  Mudge  Hiller  (Mrs.  Charles  D.) 

ID  Humphrey  Ter.,  Swampscott 
Dec.  19,  1910.        Moore,  Helen  Bancroft  (Mrs.  Arthur  L.)  .    .  54  Mall  St. 

Oct.  16,  19 16.        Moore,  Mary  S 79  Park  St. 

Feb.  i6,  1914.        Morrow,  Vernon  Grandville,  M.D.  ...  145  Munroe  St. 

Mar.  26,  1925.       Moss,  Sanford  A 36  Sachem  St. 

Mar.  26,  1925.  Moss,  Jennie  D.  (Mrs.  Sanford  A.)  ...  36  Sachem  St. 
May  16,  1910.  Mower,  Frederick  Tennyson  ...  .31  Howard  St. 
Feb.  3,  1924.  Mudge,  Mary  Elizabeth  (Mrs.  Wallace  O.),  34  Cherry  St. 

Jan.  19,  1914.         Mullin,  Cora  Palmer  (Mrs.  Henry  C)   .    .  127  Ocean  St. 

Dec.  20,  1909.        Neal,  George  Chesley 17  Beacon  Hill  Ave. 

Dec.  15,  1913.        Neal,  Hrariet  Louise  (Mrs.  William  E.)  .  i27Nahant  St. 

Oct.  18,  1909.        Neath,  Thomas  Richardson 

75  Atlantic  Ave.,  Swampscott 

Feb.  16,  1914.        Newhall,  Alice  Ann  (Mrs.  Everett  H.) 

74  Lincoln  Ave.,  E.  Saugus 

Jan.  15,  1906.  Newhall,  Alice  Liilia  (Mrs.  Herbert  W.)    .  82  Broad  St. 

Oct.  24,  1914.        Newhall,  Annie  Louise 82  Broad  St. 

April  27,  1S97.  Newhall,  Asa  Tarbell    .    .    .    .  Pine  Point  Rd.  (Box  262) 

July  I,  1927.  Newhall,  Avis  E 23  Atlantic  St. 

July  I,  1927.  Newhall,  Charles  B.  . 23  Atlantic  St. 

April  20,  1915.      Newhall,  Edwin  Leonidas 238  Summer  St. 

April  10,  1923.      Newhall,  Emma  E 24  Foster  St.,  Saugus 

Jan.  27,  19  2.  Ujsfewhall,  Emma  Dow  (Mrs.  Lucian)  ...  281  Ocean  St. 
May  19,  1913.  ' 

Nov.  17,  1913.  Newhall,  Freeman  Howard  .  ■  •  •  39  Commercial  St. 
Feb.  18,  1909.        Newhall,  Gertrude  Cutler  (Mrs.  John  B.),  23  Atlantic  St. 

July  I,  1924.  Newhall,  Grace  Garland 26  Broad  St. 

Oct.  20,  1902.         Newhall,  Guy 21  Atlantic  Ter. 

Jan.  16,  1905.         Newhall,  Hannah  Emily 72  Nahant  St. 

Jan.  15,  1906.         Newhall,  Herbert  William,  M  D 82  Broad  St. 

April  27,  1897.      Newhall,  John  Breed 23  Atlantic  St. 

Feb.  9,  1925.         Newhall,  Loella 343  Chatham  St. 

April  27,  1897.       Newhall,  Lucy  E.  Bacheller  (Mrs.  Israel  A.) 

25  Franklin  St. 

Oct.  19,  1922.         Newhall,  Martha  Louise    .......    61  Broadway 


MEMBERS  15 

April  27,  1897.  ^  ,,   ^  .     ,  »    r>        ,  ck 

,  ;  l*Newhall,  Terry  Arden 470  Broad  St, 

Aug.  26,  1913.  J 

Feb.  31,1910.        Nichols,  Elizabeth  May 13  Essex  Ct. 

April  27,  1S97.      Nichols,  Frederick  Hammond    .    .        .    .    11  Nichols  St. 

July  I,  1924.  Norris,  Benjamin  Bertram    .  63  Lincoln  Ave.,  E.  Saugus 

April  10,  1923.      Northrup,  Arthur  J.   .   35  Beach  Bluff  Ave.,  Beach  Bluff 

April  10,  1923.       Northrup,  Hattie  (Mrs.  Arthur  J.) 

35  Beach  Bluff  Ave.,  Beach  Bluft 

April  18,  1921.       Nutter,  Frances  Green  (Mrs.  Ralph  H.) 

21  Mostyn  St.,  Beach  Bluff 

April  18,  1921.      Nutter,  Ralph  Herbert   ...  21  Mostyn  St.,  Beach  Bluff 

Nov.  17,  1913.       Obear,  Calista  Hyde  (Mrs.  Joseph  L.)    .    .111  Broad  St. 

Feb.  21,  1910.         Osborn,  John  Hanson  .    .  80  Atlantic  Ave.,  Swampscott 

Feb.  20,  1911.        Osborn,  Mabel  Wallace  (Mrs.  John  H.) 

So  Atlantic  Ave.,  Swampscott 

July29,  1901.         Osborne,  Archer  Preble .  186  Allen  Ave. 

Jan.  16,  1905.         Osborne,  Jesse  Keyes  (Mrs.  Archer  P.)  .  186  Allen  Ave. 

Mar.  16,  1903.       Osborne,  Roy  Wallace  ......  17  Court  St.,  Boston 

Feb.  16,  1914.        Parker,  Alice  Goldthwait  (Mrs.  Thomas  E.) 

93  Nahant  St. 

Nov.  3,  1921.         Parker,  Eunice  Ellen 30  Broadway 

Feb.  21,1910.        Parker,  Thomas  Edward    .......    .  93  Nahant  St. 

July  26,  1909.         Parsons,  Birney  Cleaves 55  Mountain  Ave. 

April  21,  1919.      Parsons,  Florence  Nourse  (Mrs.  Birney  C.) 

55  Mountain  Ave. 

Jan.  II,  1899.         Parsons,  Katharine  Martin  (Mrs.  Charles  E.) 

106  Franklin  St. 

April  10,  1923.      Parsons,  Sally 59  Baltimore  St. 

Nov.  3,1921.         Patch,  Addie  L.  (Mrs.  Fred  C.) 30  Broadway 

May  20,  1907.        Paul,  Maria  Ella    .    .    .    292  Humphrey  St.,  Swampscott 

April  20,  1914.      Perkins,  Fred  Lawrence,  20  Greenwood  Ter.,  Swampscott 

Dec.  19,  1905.  \*Perkins,  Rev.  Frederic  Williams,  D.D. 

Nov.  I,  1928.    ^  1661  Crescent  Cir.,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Oct.  15,  1906.    ")  *Perkins,  Mary  Thayer  (Mrs.  Frederic  W.) 

Nov.  I,  1928.     >  1661  Crescent  Cir.,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Jan.  19,  1903.         Pevear,  Nellie  Owen 94  Franklin  St. 

Feb.  16.  1914.        Phelan,  Michael  Francis 244  Ocean  St. 

Feb.  9,  1899.  Phillips,  Anna  Racilia  (Mrs.  Arthur  J.) 

Elmcroft,  W.  Peabody 

April  27,  1897.      Phillips,  Arthur  John Elmcroft,  W.  Peabody 

Jan.  13,  1921.        Phinney,  Harriet  Bishop  .  1832  W.  71st.  St., 

Los.  Angeles,  California 

Dec.  30,  1901.       Pike,  Georgianna  Scott  (Mrs.  James  N.)  .    .  29  Breed  St. 


1 6  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 


Pillsbury,  George  Edward   .    .   500  Salem  St.,  Ljnnfield 
Pillsbury,  Lucy  Chandler  (Mrs.  George  E.) 

500  Salem  St.,  Lynnfield 

Pillsbury,  Ruth 500  Salem  St.,  Lynnfield 

Pinkham,  Arthur  Wellington  ....   311  Western  Ave. 

Pinkham,  Daniel  Rogers 300  Western  Ave. 

Pinkham,  Jennie  Barker  (Mrs.  Charles  H.) 

306  Western  Ave. 
Pinkham,  Olive  White  (Mrs.  Daniel  R.) 

300  Western  Ave. 
Pinkham,  Ruth  Griffin  (Mrs.  Arthur  W.) 

311  Western  Ave. 

Piper,  Helen  J 46Bloomfield  St. 

*Plummer,  Harriet  Holman  (Mrs.  Wm.  E.) 

150  Atlantic  Ave.,  Swampscott 

Porter,  Bertha  Currier 49  Fayette  St. 

Potter,  Marian  Breed  (Mrs.  Arnold  S.) 

23  Estabrook  Rd.,  Swampscott 
Power,  Daniel  Bird  Haskell  ....  13  Beacon  Hill  Ave. 
Proctor,  Annie  Elizabeth  (Mrs.  Ernest  L.) 

32  Estabrook  Rd.,  Swampscott 
Ray,  Bertha  S.  (Mrs.  Benjamin  B.)  .  .  .74  Ocean  St. 
Redfern,  Mrs.  Mary  E.    293  Humphrey  St.,  Swampscott 

Reed,  William  T 26  Breed  St. 

Reynolds,  Augusta 207  Boston  St. 

Richardson,  Jessie  Mower  (Mrs.  Harrj'  L.) 

48  Lafayette  Pk. 

Ripley,  Mabel  Frances 314  Essex  St. 

Robbins,  Mary  E.  F 145  Lynn  Shore  Drive 

Robinson,  Mrs.  Josie  B 7  Jackson  Ter. 

Robinson,  Leonor  A.  (Mrs.  Benj.  F.) 

17  Emory  St.,  Saugus 
Robinson,  Mary  Rosamond  .  .  311  Central  St.,  Saugus 
Rogers,  Emmelyn  Chase  (Mrs.  A.  L.) 

44  Glen  Rd.,  Winchester 
Rolfe,  Charles  Edwin    .    104  Atlantic  Ave.,  Swampscott 

Rose,  Rev.  William  Wallace,  D.D 21  King  St. 

Rose,  Mary  Bird  (Mrs.  William  Wallace)    .    21  King  St. 

Rowell,  Frank  Bruce 14  Linvvood  Rd. 

Sanborn,  Ella  Maria  (Mrs.  Charles  S.)  .  .  18  King  St. 
*Sanders,  Harriet  Clough  (Mrs.  Frank  M.)  253  Ocean  St 
Sanderson,  Albenia  (Mrs.  John  A.)    .    .    128  Empire  St. 


May  20, 

1907. 

May  30, 

1907. 

Aprils, 

1929. 

May  28, 

1906. 

May  25, 

1927. 

Oct.  7,  I 

1913- 

May  25, 

1927. 

Oct.  18, 

1915- 

April  I, 

1929. 

May  19, 

1913-  \ 
1913.  i 

Dec.  19, 

April  18 

,  1898. 

Mar.  19, 

1926. 

Feb.  21, 

1910. 

Dec.  20, 

1909. 

April  10 

.  1923- 

Mar.  17, 

1913- 

Feb.  16, 

1922. 

Nov.  20, 

1916. 

Nov.  18, 

1926. 

Oct.  16, 

1911. 

Mar.  17, 

1913- 

Mar.  19, 

1926. 

Dec.  21, 

1932. 

Jan.  13, 

1931. 

Mar.  12, 

1900. 

July  28, 

1899. 

Nov.  I, 

1928. 

Nov.  I, 

1928. 

July  28, 

1899. 

July  21, 

^913- 

Nov.  17, 

1913- 

Jan. i6, 

1911. 

MEMBERS  17 

May  20,  1907.  Sanderson,  Carrie  May  (Mrs.  Howard  K.)  16  Amory  St. 

April  30,  1925.  Sanderson,  Kendall  A.   .       .39  Grant  Rd.,  Swampscott 

April  18,  1921.      Sawtell,  Alice  E 15  Cherry  St. 

April  18,  1921.      Sawtell,  Emma  G 15  Cherry  St. 

April  18,  1921.      Sawtell,  Nellie  M.        15  Cherry  St. 

April  27,  1897.      Sawyer,  Henry  Albert 9  Ocean  Ter. 

April  15,  1939.      Seavey,  Fred  Wight 4  Timsbury  Terrace 

April  20,  1915.      Sheehan,  Joseph  Cornelius 26  Temple  PI. 

Feb.  9,  1925.  Shores,  Lillian 11  Parker  St.,  Saugus 

Aug.  18,  1913.       Shorey,  George  Langdon 30  Baker  St. 

May  3,  1901.  Silsbee,  Henry 38  Brookline  St. 

Mar.  9,  1929.  Silver,  Catherine  H.  (Mrs.  John  L.) 

33  Lincoln  Ave.,  Saugus 

Oct.  20,  1902.  Small,  Ruth  Wood  (Mrs.  James  B.)  .    .    .  57  Johnson  St. 

July  I,  1928.  Smith,  Fannie  Z.  (Mrs.  William  F.)    .    .     26  Nahant  PI. 

July  I,  1928.  Smith,  Helen  B 26  Nahant  PI. 

Jan.  18,  1915.  Smith,  Helen  E.  C.  (Mrs.  Murdock  C.)  ...  3  Lee  Hall 

Nov,  15,  1915.  Smith,  Mabel  Peach  (Mrs.  C.  Fred) 

106  Elmwood  Rd.,  Swampscott 

Dec.  30,  1901.  Smith,  Mary  Abby   ...     32  Outlook  Rd.,  Swampscott 

Dec.  21,  1914.        Smith,  Murdock  Campbell,  M.  D 3  Lee  Hall 

Sept.  9,  1898.    "I  *Smith,  Sarah  Fuller  (Mrs.  Joseph  N.) 

Mar.  15,  1913.  '  San  Remo  Hotel,  Central  Park,  West,  New  York,  N.Y. 

May  20,  1918.        Spinney,  Frank  C 270  Ocean  St. 

April  20,  1914.  Sprague,  Charles  Francis,  44  Atlantic  Ave.,  Swampscott 

April  20,  1915.  Sprague,  Charles  Henry     .   33  Walker  Rd.,  Swampscott 

April  27,  i897.|#gpj.^g^g^  Henry  Breed    .    .    33  Walker  Rd.,  Swampscott 

May  19,  1913.   ^ 

April  20,  1915.       Sprague,  Howard  Burnham,  M.  D. 

130  Longwood  Ave.,  Brookline 
Aug.  26,  1901.     *Sprague,  Laura  Loring  (Mrs.  Henry  B.) 

33  Walker  Rd.,  Swampscott 
Mar.  II,  1920.        Sprague,  Laurelle  Emerson  (Mrs.  Eugene  B.) 

98  Redington  St.,  Swampscott 
Feb.  21,  1910.        Sprague,  Mary  Susie  (Mrs.  William  C.) 

II  Phillips  Ave. 

Feb.  21,  1910.        Sprague,  William  Chase 11  Phillips  Ave. 

June  17,  1907.        Stark,  Josie  (Mrs.  Kirk)    .....   8  Sanderson  Ave. 
Sept.  19,  1910.1  *Stephen8on,  Adaline  Elizabeth  (Mrs.  Charles  H.) 
Oct.  14,   1913.-'  108  Nahant  St. 

Nov.  17,  1913.     *Stephenson,  Sarah  Elizabeth  Clough  (Mrs.  W.  R.  C.) 

50  Edge  Hill  Rd.,  Brookline 


l8  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

Jan.  17,  1916.  Stephenson,  William  R.  C,  50  Edge  Hill  Rd.,  Brookline 

Oct.  20,  1902.  Stevens,  Charles  Goold 147  Washington  St. 

Sept.  19,  1904.  Stevens,  James  Dexter .    12  Highland  Ave. 

Oct.  20,  1902.  Stevens,  Mary  Brown  (Mrs.  Charles  N.) 

147  Washington  St. 

July  17,  1916.  Stiles,  Arthur  H 203  Lynn  Shore  Drive 

July  17,  1916.  Stiles,  Lulu  T.  (Mrs.  Arthur  H.)  .  203  Lynn  Shore  Drive 

Nov.  21,  1914.  Swett,  William  H.  .    .    .  103  Liberty  St.   (The  Osmund) 

Feb.  16,  1903.  Symonds,  Mary  Alice  (Mrs.  Walter  E.)  .   57  Nahant  St. 

Feb.  2,    1901.  Symonds,  Warren  Lovell 57  Nahant  St. 

Feb.  9,    1925.  Taylor,  Annie  Ncwhall  (Mrs.  Robert  E.) 

74  Lincoln  Ave.,  East  Saugus 

Jan.    12,  1928.  Thomas,  Louise  Carrie 35  Tudor  St. 

>    9     •  y»Thomson,  Elihu  ...    22  Monument  Ave.,  Swampscott 
Mar.  17,  1913.  ' 

June  I,  1897.  Tirrell,  Sarah  Eliza  (Mrs.Minot)  .  84  Revere  St.,  Boston 

Jan.  27,  1902.  Titus,  Augusta  Tyson  (Mrs.  I.  Walton)    .   11  Deer  Cove 

Jan.  27,  1902.  Titus,  Isaac  Walton 11  Deer  Cove 

May  25,  1927.        Todd,  Mary  Abbie .    ,  26  Broad  St. 

Sept.  10,  1913.       Townsend,  Mary  Abby 252  Ocean  St. 

Oct.  7,  1913.  Treadwell,  Chester  Cushing 7  Baltimore  St. 

May  14,  1926.        Tuck,  Alice  C ....  23  Nahant  St. 

Nov.  21,  1910.       Tucker,  Bertha  Blanche 44  Hamilton  Ave. 

Mar.  27,  1900.  Tucker,  Emma  Adelaide  (Mrs.  Marcus  E.) 

44  Hamilton  Ave. 

Feb.  20,  1905.         Upham,  Olis  Leonard 204  Lewis  St. 

April  10,  1923.       Valpey,  Fred  Burns  . 15  Anoka  PI. 

April  10,  1923.       Valpey,  Jennie  Lane 21  Baltimore  St. 

June  20,  1904.        Viall,  Annah  Plummer 39  Bloomfield  St. 

June  20,  1904.        Viall,  Kate  Gile 39  Bloomfield  St. 

Feb.  21,  1910.  Viets,  Caroline  Elizabeth  (Mrs.  James  R.) 

26  Greystone  Pk. 

Feb.  21,  1910.        Viets,  James  Rollin 26  Greystone  Pk. 

July  26,  1909.  Walter,  Florence  Davis  (Mrs.  Alfred  M.) 

Hotel  Ambassador,  East,  No.  State  St.,  at  Goethe  St.,  Chicago,  111. 

Mar.  II,  1920.  Watson,  Gertrude  Kinsman  (Mrs.  Wilfred  E.) 

15  Red  Rock  St. 

Mar.  II,   1920.  Watson,  Wilfred  Ernest     ......       i^  Red  Rock  St. 

Feb.  17,  1913.        Watts,  Elizabeth  Small 604  Essex  St. 

Nov.  10,  1927.  Webster,  Elizabeth  J.  (Mrs.  Arthur  E.),3i8  Euclid  Ave. 

Oct.  21,  1907.  Welch,  John  H^nry  .    .     153  Elmwood  Rd.,  Swampscott 

Feb.  16,  1903.        Wentworth,  Louis  Albert 23  Baker  St. 


MEMBERS  19 

Au^.  18,  1902.  1 

Jan".  24,  1914.    /*Whittcn,  Frank  Swain 33  Munroe  St. 

Mar.  28,  1927.       Wilder,  Frank  J 28  Warren  Ave.,  Somerville 

Feb.  9,  1925.  Wilder,  Grace  E 17  Bloomfield  St. 

June  12,  1922.        Williams,  Isabella  H.  (Mrs.  Wallace  D.) 

321  Nahant  Rd.,  Nahant 
April  21,  1913.      Wilson,  Alice  Campbell  (Mrs.  Fred  A.),  High  St.,  Nahant 
Feb.  17,  1908.  "1 
Oct.  8    iQi^      /•*Wilson,  Annie  Eudora 273  Ocean  St. 

April  21,  1913.      Wilson,  Fred  Allan High  St.,  Nahant 

Oct.  16,  1911.        Wilson,  Leon  Eugene 14  Rhodes  Ave. 

Oct.  24,  1914.        Winslow,  Edward  Martin  ....  169  Lynn  Shore  Drive 
April  10,  1923.      Wix,  Mabelle  Blake  (Mrs.  Thomas)    .  112  Western  Ave. 

April  27,  1897.      Wood,  Lana  Josephine 19  Franklin  St. 

Mar.  17,  1913.       Woodbridge,  Charles  Glidden      .        •    .  77  Central  Ave. 

Feb.  17,  1913.      *Woodburj,  Alice  Porter 51  Baltimore  St. 

April  27,  1897.  "> 

Sept.  10,  1913.  /  *'^°°'^^"'"-^' J°^"      •    •    •    •  345  Marlborough  St.,  Boston 

Feb.  17,  1913.      *Woodbury,  Laura  Brown 51  Baltimore  St. 

Feb.  17,  1913.      *Woodburj,  Louise 51  Baltimore  St. 

April  26,  1900.  "I  *Woodburj,  Maria  Brown  (Mrs.  C.  J.  H.) 
Feb.  17,  1913.  /  51  Baltimore  St. 

Feb.  21,  1910.        Woodbury,  Mary  Parker  (Mrs.  S.  Herbert),  75  Nahant  St. 
Jan.  13,  192 1.        Wyer,  Marion  Shillaber  (Mrs.  Robert  H.) 

52  Baltimore  St. 
Nov.  17,  1913.       Wyman,  Edith  Estelle  (Mrs.  Louis  A.) 

925  Humphrey  St.,  Swampscott 


SUMMARY 
April  24,   1929 

Honorary  Members i 

Life  Members 52 

Complimentary i 

Annual  Members 417 


Total 


471 


LvRR  Historical  SociGtv 


Lvnn,  Massachusetts 


OrriCERS  AND  MEMBERS 

December  i,  I930 

Number  25,  Part  i 


LvRR  Historical  Society 


Lvnn,  Massachusetts 


OrnCEPS  AND  MEMBEP5 

December  i,  1930 

Number  25,  Parr  i 


OFFICERS— 1930 


President 
BENJAMIN   NEWHALL  JOHNSON 

Vice  Presidents 

CHARLES   E.   HAYWOOD  FRED   A.  WILSON 

KENDALL   A.  SANDERSON 

Secretary 
ELLEN   MUDGE    BURRILL 

Treasurer 

RUPERT  WARD  JAQUES 

Council : — The  above  Ex-Officiis  and  : — 

Until  January,  1931 

George  S.  Bliss  William  Gerry  Keene 

Mrs.  Nathaniel  P.  Breed  Alfred  E.  Chase 

Ira  J.  Haskell  Mary  A.  Townsend 

Until  January,  1932 

Harrison  P.  Burrill  Sallie  H.  Hacker 

Mrs.  Edward  B.  Clarke  Henry  R.  Mayo 

Micajah  P.  Clough  Mrs.  George  E.  Pillsbury 

Until  January,  1933 

John  Albree  Mrs.  Micajah  P.  Clough 

Horace  H.  Atherton,  Jr.  Dr.  Carolus  M.  Cobb 

Louis  M.  Atherton  Frank  W.  Mace 


Custodians 

Frank  W.  Mace,  Buildings  and  Grounds 
John  Albree,  Books  and  Pamphlets 
George  S.  Bliss,  Photographs 


Membership  List 

December  i,   1930 
Members  are  requested  to  inform  the  Secretary  of  any  change  in  address. 


HONORARY  MEMBER 
June  19,  191 1.       Hutt,  Frank  Walcott 7  Cedar  St.,  Taunton 


MEMBERS 


The  names  of  both  life  members  and  members  are  inserted  in  alphabetical  order  with- 
out distinction,  except  by  an  asterisk.  Where  there  are  two  dates  of  membership  the  first 
is  that  of  election  as  member.     Some  of  the  life  members  were  not  previously  members. 

Titles  are  not  stated  excepting  those  of  clergymen  and  physicians. 

May  16,  1910.       Abbott,  Alice  Goodsell  (Mrs.  Frederic  Bassett) 

27  Nahant  PI. 

Feb.  28,  1929.       Abbott,  Frederick  Bassett 27  Nahant  PI. 

July  22,  1929.        Aborn,  Grace  Berry  (Mrs.  Frank  P.) 

130  Atlantic  Ave.,  Swampscott 
July  22,  1939.        Aborn,  Ida  A.  (Mrs.  Edward  E.)    .    .  46  Brimblecom  St. 

Oct.  20,  1902.        Albree,  John 279  Humphrey  St.,  Swampscott 

Oct.  21,  1907.        Alden,  Grace  Crafts 61  Johnson  St. 

July  29,  1901.        Allen,  Eliza  Maria  (Mrs.  Walter  B.)  ...   2  Walden  St. 

S     t' It    IQ2Q    f  *Ames,  George  Frederick 136  Euclid  Ave. 

Sept.  18,  1911.  Andrew,  John  Charles  States  .    .    20  Beacon  St.,  Boston 

Oct.  21,  1907.  Andrews,  Flora  Hamlin  (Mrs.  Edwin  F.),  11  Shepard  St. 

Feb.  20,  1905.  Aspinwall,  Minnie  Ida 29  Beacon  Hill  Ave. 

June  20,  1910.  Atherton,  Horace  Hale,  Jr 17  Ocean  Ter. 

^SeVl\^^Q2Q   (*Atherton,  Louis  M Tiptop  Rd.,  Swampscott 

Jan.  12,  1928.    )  «^therton,  Marian  Porter  (Mrs.  Louis  M.) 
Sept.  13, 1929.  S  ^  ^ 

Tiptop  Rd.,  Swampscott 

April  29,  1926.      Atkinson,  Mary  Elizabeth 17  Sidney  Ave. 

July  21,  1913.        Attwill,  Flora  May  (Mrs.  Gustavus)  .        .    .  48  Broad  St. 


4  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

June  12,  1929.       Attwill,  J.  Sanger 29  Atlantic  Ter. 

Jan.  14,  1930.        Atwood,  Joseph 90  Aspen  Rd.,  Swampscott 

April  27,  1897.      Atwood,  Luther 8  Sagamore  St. 

March  17,  1919.     Bacheller,  Lizzie  L 22  Franklin  St. 

April  21 ,  1913.     *Baker,  Mary  Corwith  (Mrs.  Alfred  L.),  Lake  Forest,  111. 

July  22,  1929.        Bancroft,  Clara  Elizabeth Box  393 

Jan.  3,  1927.  Bancroft,  George  William 91  Lake  View  Ave. 

July  22,  1929.        Bangs,  Althea 293  Humphrey  St.,  Swampscott 

Feb.  15,  1904.       Bangs,  Charles  Howard,  M.D. 

293  Humphrey  St.,  Swampscott 

July  22,  1929.      *Bankhart,  Betsey  Ross 15  Kimball  Rd. 

July  22,  1929.      *Bankhart,  Deborah  Kimball 15  Kimball  Rd. 

July  22,  1929.       *Bankhart,  Laurence  Hardy 15  Kimball  Rd. 

July  22,  1929.      *Bankhart,  Miriam  Staniford  (Mrs.  Laurence  H.) 

15  Kimball  Rd. 

March  12,  1900.     Barker,  Ralph  Emerson 76  Hamilton  Ave. 

Aug.  21,  1916.       Barnes,  J.  Edgar 25  Verona  St. 

Aug.  21,  1916.       Barnes,  Jennie  L.  Murkland  (Mrs.  J.  Edgar) 

25  Verona  St. 
Sept.  21,  1923.  Barney,  Caroline  Clark  (Mrs.  Edw.  M.)  21  Baltimore  St. 
April  27,  1897.      Barney,  Charles  Neal  .    .    .  Barclay  Rd.,  Scarsdale,  N.Y. 

Sept.  21,  1923.      Barney,  Edward  Mitchell 21  Baltimore  St. 

Feb.  20,  1905.       Barney,  Lydia  Louise S  Portland  St. 

June  20,  1904.        Barney,  Maizie  Blaikie  (Mrs.  C.  Neal) 

Barclay  Rd.,  Scarsdale,  N.Y. 

April  21,  1913.     *Barry,  Euyene Ayer 

July  22,  1929.        Barry,  Jennie  B.  (Mrs.  William  J.)    .    .        568  Essex  St. 

April  37,  1897.      Barry,  John  Mathew I7S  Ocean  St. 

April  18,  1929.      Barry,  William  Paul 568  Essex  St. 

July  I,  1923.  Barslow,  Mrs.  Joanna  0 70  Herschel  St. 

May  19,  1913. 1  *Bartlett,  Bertha  Belle 67  Bellevue  Rd. 

July  22,  1929    J 

Jan.  28,  1898.  I    *Bartlett,  Ella  Doak  (Mrs.  John  S.)    .    .    .   61  Atlantic  St. 
July  22,  1929.  J  \  J  I 

Feb.  16,  1914.        Batchelder,  Elmer  Greenleaf 72  Nahant  St. 

April  10,  1923.      Bates,  William  H -    .  23  Sagamore  St. 

July  22,  1929.       *Bauer,  Fannie  M.  (Mrs.  Ralph  S.)  ....  70  Cherry  St. 
July  22,  1929.       *Bauer,  Kathrena  W.  (Mrs.  Paul  S.)    .    .    .  70  Cherry  St. 

July  22,  1929.       *Bauer,  Paul  S 70  Cherry  St. 

July  22,  1929.       *Bauer,  Paul  S.,  Jr 70  Cherry  St. 

April  21,  1902.  \  ,g^^^     j^^,.    s,j^gj,i^^^j^ 70  Cherry  St. 

July  22,   1929.  i  ^  ^ 

Dec.  15,  1926.         Bayrd,  Blanche  Simpson  (Mrs.  Frank  A.) 

158  Webster  St.,  Maiden 


MEMBERS  5 

Dec.  15,  1926.        Bayrd,  Frank  Arthur 158  Webster  St.,  Maiden 

Oct.  20,  1913.  *Beardsell,  Edith  Tapley  (Mrs.  George  R.),  20  Prescott  Rd. 

Dec.  20,  1909.  Bennett,  Alice  Emogen  (Mrs.  William  H.),  10  Deer  Cove 

July  22,  1929.         Bennett,  Mrs.  M.  Eugenia 35  Baltimore  St. 

July  21,  1913.  Benz,  Edith  Louise  (Mrs.  Jacob  C.)  .        .  234  Ocean  St. 

Oct.  18,  1909.        Berg,  Tekla  Amalia  Josefina,  M.D 109  Broad  St. 

Oct    s''/r°'  I  *^^^'^y^  Mabel  Lavinia  (Mrs.  Henrj  N.)    .    54  Nahant  St. 

April  10,  1933.      Besse,  Ada  Viola 80  Chatham  St. 

April  10,  1923.      Besse,  Maude  Leslie 80  Chatham  St. 

May  8,  1930.         Betton,  Charles  L 71A  Broad  St. 

May  8,  1930.         Betton,  May  R.  (Mrs.  Charles  L.)    .    .    .     71A  Broad  St. 

Nov.  24,  1897.   1    „„,.  /-.  o  r   •     u,.  c. 

July  22,  1929.   f    Bliss,  George  Spencer 11  Light  St. 

Tul"22^'i02q^'}*^''^*'  ^"""-^  Gerry  Brown  (Mrs.  George  S.),  11  Light  St. 

July  22,  1929.       *Blood,  Annah 73  Atlantic  Ave.,  Swampscott 

April  15,  1929.  *Blood,  Arthur  Kimball  .  .  73  Atlantic  Ave.,  Swampscott 
July  22,  1929.       *Blood,  Arthur  Kimball,  Jr., 

73  Atlantic  Ave.,  Swampscott 
April  15, 1929.     *Blood,  Blanche  Stacey  (Mrs.  Arthur  K.) 

73  Atlantic  Ave.,  Swampscott 

^°y"j^^' j'|°9"  I  *Blood,  Charles  Otis    .    .    Chestnut  St.,  Lynnfield  Center 

TuW*  22'  1Q20   i    *B^°°'^'  Eldredge  Hugh  ...  10  Fuller  Ter.,  Swampscott 

Nov.  17,  1913.  \*Blood,  Helen  Buffington  (Mrs.  Arthur  J.) 

July  22,  1929.   j  9  Humphrey  Ter.,  Swampscott 

Nov.  15,  1909.  \*Blood,  Lizzie  Brown  (Mrs.  Charles  O.) 

July  7,  1926.     i  Chestnut  St.,  Lynnfield  Center 

June  19,  1916.  \^  *Blood,  L.  Annie  (Mrs.  Eldredge  H.) 

July  22,  1929.  j  10  Fuller  Ter.,  Swampscott 

July  22,  1929.      *Blood,  Margaret  M.  (Mrs.  Philip  W.) 

35  Rockland  St.,  Swampscott 
July  22,  1929.      *Blood,  Philip  W.,  35  Rockland  St.,  Swampscott 
Dec.  20,  1905.        Boardman,  Edith  Davis  (Mrs.  Charles  H.) 

25  Grosvenor  Pk. 
Nov.  17,  1913.     *Bogardus,  Anna  Clough  (Mrs.  Frederick  R.) 

48  Atlantic  Ave.,  Swampscott 

July  22', '1929!  }    *Boyer,  Elmer  Elsworth        165  Lynnfield  St. 

March  20,  1930.     Brackett,  Mrs.  Marie  B 18  Basset  St. 

July  22,  1929.      *Bray,  George  L 32  Breed  St. 

July  22,  1929.  *Bray,  Harriet  Anna  (Mrs.  George  L.)  ...  22  Breed  St. 
Nov.  3,  1921.         Breed,  Annie  Bancroft 52  Broad  St- 


6  LYNN    HISTORICAL?SOCIETY 

Oct.  i8,  1909.  Breed,  Charles  Norcross  .  35  Atlantic  Ave.,  Swampscott 
Feb.  9,  1925.  Breed,  Clara  M.,  .  14  Sherbrooke  Rd.,  Scarsdale,  N.Y. 
Sept.  19,  1910.  Breed,  Edith  Gove  (Mrs.  George  Herbert)  .  24  Wave  St. 
Jul^'  22,  1929.  *Breed,  Editha  B.  (Mrs.  Richard  P.)  .  .  20  Prescott  Rd. 
Jan.  17,  1916.  Breed,  Edward  Fortesque  .  16  Palmer  Ave.,  Swampscott 
Sept.  19,  1904.  ")  *Breed,  Effie  Thomson  (Mrs.  Nathaniel  P.) 
July  22,  1929.    /  9  Washington  Sq. 

April  26,  1900.      Breed,  Florence  Louise  (Mrs.  Warren  M.),  19  Nahant  St. 

Nov.  28,  1899.  )  ,B      J   Frances  Tucker  (Mrs.  George  A.)    .  56  Basset  St. 
Julj  22,  1929.   /  '  ^  t.         /       J 

Feb.  21,1910.        Breed,  Francis  Stewart 26  Grosvenor  Pk. 

Nov.  3,  1921.         Breed,  Mary  Blake 52  Broad  St. 

[an.  10,  1929.         Breed,  Mary  Phillips  (Mrs.  T.  Harlan)     .    .  77  Green  St. 

Feb.  17,  1913.        Breed,  Melora  Thayer  (Mrs.  Charles  N.) 

35  Atlantic  Ave.,  Swampscott 

^P"' ^^'^903- Ugreed,  Nathaniel  Pope,  M.D 9  Washington  Sq. 

July  22,  1929.    I  '  ^ 

April  18,  1921.      Breed,  Sarah  Ellen 69  Newhall  St. 

April  27,  1897.      Breed,  Warren  Mudge 19  Nahant  St. 

July  22,  1929.        Brigham,  Ida  M.  (Mrs.  Frank  F.) 

31  Stanwood  Rd.,  Swampscott 
March  26,  1901.    Brock,  Charlotte  Farnsworth  (Mrs.  George  E.) 

15  Sparhawk  St.,  Brighton 

Sept.  30,  1901.      Brown,  Bethany  Smith 81  Green  St. 

Nov.  19,  1925.       Brown,  Elizabeth  B.  (Mrs.  Robert  L.) 

10  Hillcrest  Cir.,  Swampscott 
Sept.  10,  1913.  1  *Brown,  Isabelle  Bullard  (Mrs.  Lawrence  E.) 
July  22,  1929.  i  254  Ocean  St. 

Sept.  10,  i9i3.KBrown,  Lawrence  Everett 254  Ocean  St. 

July  22,  1929.   J 

April  20,  1915.  Brown,  William  Allerton 20  Nahant  PI. 

May  19,  1903.  Bubier,  Helen  Putnam  (Mrs.  Eugene  H.)  6  Boynton  Ter. 

July  22,  1929.  Bubier,  Josephine  A 62  Basset  St. 

April  27,  1897.  Bubier,  Nathan  George    .    .     n  Hardy  Rd.,  Swampscott 

July  22,  1929.  Buffinton,  Harold  L 23  Nichols  St. 

June  20,  1910.  Buffum,  Walter  Nutting 45  Milk  St.,  Boston 

April  27,  1897.  Bulfinch,  Charles  Frederick 184  Lewis  St. 

April  27,  1897.  Burrill,  Abby  Maria 44  Hanover  St. 

Jan.  16,  1905.   ].*Burrill,  Ellen  Mudge 23  Nahant  PI. 

Feb.  17, 1913.  J  * 

Nov.  19,  1906. 1  »Burrill,  Harrison  Parrott 23  Nahant  PL 

Sept.  10,  1913.  J 

Dec.  20,  1915.       Burrows,  Marion  Cowan,  M.D.  (Mrs.  Charles  L) 

68  Ocean  St. 


MEMBERS  7 

Nov.  15,  1909        Burrows,  Walter  Irving 21  Wolcott  Rd. 

June  30,  1904.        Butman,  Grace  Everett  (Mrs.  William  W.) 

49  Beacon  Hill  Ave. 
July  22,  1929.        Buxton,  Jane  M.  (Mrs.  Robert  B.) 

17  Crosman  Ave.,  Beach  Bluff 
July  22,  1929.         Buxton,  Robert  B.  ...    17  Crosman  Ave.,  Beach  Bluff 
Feb.  16,  1903.  \*Buzzell,  Mary  Caroline  (Mrs.  Oscar  W.) 
Mar.  17,  1913.  i  49  Lafayette  Pk. 

Feb.  26,  1925.        Calley,  Clara  J 28  Chestnut  St.,  Saugus 

Mar.  12,  1929.  ")  *Campbell,  Lura  Chellis  (Mrs.  Charles  E.) 
July  22,  1929.   J  274  Western  Ave. 

July  22,  1929.  Canty,  Jennie  Gordon  ...  20  Beach  Ave.,  Swampscott 
Jan.  14,  1926.  Carleton,  Stanley  W.  .  .  .  107  Burrill  St.,  Swampscott 
Jan,  18,  1915.  Carleton,  Ursula  Florence  .  107  Burrill  St.,  Swampscott 
July  22,  1929.         Carr,  Elizabeth  Lyon  (Mrs.  John  A.)  .    .  12  Portland  St. 

July  22,  1929.       *Chadwell,  Elizabeth  D 37  Park  St. 

Oct.  20,  1913.      *Charles,  Marian  Johnson  (Mrs.  Samuel  B.) 

1213  Beacon  St.,  Brookline 

July  21,  1913.        Chase,  Alfred  Endicott 47  Baltimore  St. 

Nov.  I,  1929.         Chase,  Mrs.  Alice  Mower 11  Smith  St. 

Oct.  18,  1915.  I  , Chase,  Alice  Philippa 47  Baltimore  St. 

July  22,  1929.  i  '  t'f  "t' 

Oct.  15,  1906.  \   *Chase,  Grace  Greenwood  (Mrs.  L  Clarkson) 

April  21,  1913  J  206  Ocean  St. 

April  21,  1919.      Chase,  William  H 134  Ocean  St. 

July  22,  1929.         Chick,  Anne  Newhall  (Mrs.  B.  Parker) 

133  Lynn  Shore  Drive 

June  12,  1929.        Clark,  Clara  H.  (Mrs.  William  A.)    .    .    .    .  40  Broad  St. 

June  20,  1910.        Clarke,  Elizabeth  Putnam  (Mrs.  Edward  B.) 

252  Ocean  St. 

Sept.  20,  1909.       Clarke,  Nathan  Dane  Appleton 25  Central  Sq. 

Feb.  21,  1910.       Clifford,  Frances  Edna     ....  12  Summit  Ave.,  Salem 

M^r^'i*?^'  i^V   [*Clough,  Harriet  Kelley  (Mrs.  Micajah  P.)  253  Ocean  St. 

^P"'^7i  1897].  •ciough,  Micajah  Pratt 253  Ocean  St. 

Mar.  17,  1913.  /  6    '  J  ^-5 

Feb.  21,  1910.        Coates,  Frederic  Sumner,  700  Washington  St.,  Brighton 

Mar.  26,  1901-  Kcobb,  Carolus  Melville,  M.  D 793  Lynnfield  St. 

July  22,  1929.   J  lyo     J 

July  22,   1929.     *Cobb,  Estelle  C.  (Mrs.  Carolus  M)  .    .  793  Lvnnfield  St. 

July  22,  1929.        Cobbett,  Addie  1 520  Es!,ex  St. 

Oct.  19,  1922.        Coker,  Helen  A.  Burrill  (Mrs.  Charles  Pearson) 

66  Flint  St.,  Somerville 

Dec.  17,  1906.       Colburn,  Gertrude  Scott  (Mrs.  Clifton)  .  2  Sagamore  St. 


O  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

July  22,  1929.        Colburn,  Mildred 2  Sagamore  St. 

April  21,  1919.      Colby,  L.  Hortense 6  Foster  St. 

T„i„  T-.'   T^oo   c  *Collins,  Anna  Louise  (Mrs.  Charles  A.)  .  S  Prescott  Rd. 
juiy   ^2,    1929.  ) 

July  23,  1929.      *Collins,  Charles  A 8  Prescott  Rd. 

Feb.  9,  1925.  Collins,  Sarah  Augusta 44  Breed  St. 

June  12,  1929.        Comstock,  Alfred  T 142  Bellevue  Rd. 

April  18,  1929.      Connery,  William  P.,  Jr.,  House  of  Representatives, 

Washington,  D.C. 

July  22,  1929.        Cooper,  Sarah  Eloise  (Mrs.  George  Edward) 

23  Broad  St. 

Jan.  28,  1904.        Cowles,  Harriet  Anne i  Classical  Ter. 

Dec.  28,  1900.        Cox,  Frank  Powell  ....  455  Puritan  Rd.,  Swampscott 

Feb.  2,  1901.  "I    *Cox,  Mary  Vaughan  (Mrs.  Frank  P.) 

July  22,  1929.  J  455  Puritan  Rd.,  Swampscott 

Feb.  16,  1914.        Creamer,  Walter  Howard,  472  Guy  St.,  Montreal,  Canada 

April  20,  191 5. 1  *Creighton,  Albert  Morton  .    ,    .  Little's  Pt.,  Swampscott 
July  22,  1929.    /  ^  '  r 

f-"^-  ^^'  '913- 1  *Creighton,  Bessy  Ella 261  Ocean  St. 

July  22,  1929.    /  ^  ^  J 

Aug.  18,  1913.  Creighton,  Ella  Hannah  (Mrs.  George  A.),  261  Ocean  St. 

July  22,  1929.  *Creighton,  Margaret  (Mrs.  Albert  M.) 

Little's  Pt.,  Swampscott 

July  22,  1929.        Crosby,  Elizabeth  M 123  North  Common  St. 

April  27,  1897.      Cross,  Charles  Alfred 12  King  St. 

July  22,  1929.  Currant,  Roger  Leon    ...     19  Banks  Ter.,  Swampscott 

Oct.  18,  1909.  Currier,  Emily  M.  (Mrs.  Benj.  W.),  80  Ivy  St.,  Brookline 

Aug.  21,  1916.  Currier,  Grace  Silsbee  (Mrs.  Frank  J.) 

16  Brewster  Ter.,  Brookline 

Sept.  10,  1913.      Currier,  Sarah  Maria 49  Fayette  St. 

Jan.  10,  1929.        Curry,  Marguerite  V.  J 4  Forest  St. 

May  8,  1930.         Cutts,  Annie  L 9  Lookout  Ter. 

May  8,  1930.  Cutts,  Grace  R 9  Lookout  Ter. 

July  I,  1930.  Danforth,  Mrs.  Bessie  M 23  Lafayette  Park 

July  22,  1929.         Davis,  Edith  C 14  Sherman  Ter. 

Feb.  21,1910.  I  ♦Dearborn,  Edward  Dearborn 34  Elm  St. 

Mar.  17,  1913.  J  ^ 

Oct.  19,  1922.        Delnow,  Grace  P .    .  9  Cobbet  PI. 

Dec.  19,  1910.  1    *Demarest,  Abby  Wilson  (Mrs.  David) 

July  22,  1929.  J  31  King's  Beach  Rd. 

June  16,  I902.-I   ,j^  j^     j^ 31  King's  Beach  Rd. 

July  22,  1929.  J  '  o  & 

July  21,  1913. 1    *£)oak,  Gertrude  Furber  (Mrs.  William  S.)  61  Atlantic  St. 
July  22,  1929.  J 


MEMBERS  9 

April  lo,  1923.      Doak,  Mary  Shepard 126  Lewis  St. 

April  23,  1929.      Dolanskj,  Mary  Elizabeth  (Mrs.  Frank  J.)  255  Euclid  Ave. 

Aug.  17,  1903.       Donohoe,  Alice  Maud 33  Beacon  Hill  Ave. 

Jan.  16,  19H.         Dorman,  Estelle  Elizabeth  (Mrs.  William  E.) 

157  Ocean  St. 

Oct.  20,  1902.        Dorman,  William  Edwin 157  Ocean  St. 

Sept.  10,  1913.      Downing,  Anne  Dunn  (Mrs.|William  E.)  iSWolcottRd. 

May  15,  1905.        Downing,  William  Ellems 18  Wolcott  Rd. 

July  22,  1929.        Drake,  Mrs.  Lillian  1.  .    .24  Hillside  Ave.,  Swampscott 

July  22,  1929.        Drake,  Lincoln  K 29  Jackson  St. 

Oct.  20,  1926.        Duren,  Martha  Forsyth  (Mrs.  Charles  M.) 

53  Beach  Ave.,  Swampscott 

^P''"^^.  1897- 1  *Earle,  Louise  Snow 23  King  St. 

July  22,  1929.    )  '  J         & 

July  22,  1929.        Earle,  Mabel  L 23  King  St. 

Jan.  16,  1913.        Earp,  Emily  Anna 13  Nahant  St. 

June  15,  1903.       Eilenberger,  Edgar High  St.,  Ipswich 

Nov.  19,  1906.       Ellis,  Agnes  Jane  (Mrs.  George  M.) 

R.  F.  D.  I,  Box  31,  Barnstead,  N.  H. 

794  24th  Ave.  No.,  St.  Petersburg,  Fla. 

Nov.  19,  1906.       Ellis,  George  Modastus 

R.  F.  D.  I,  Box  31,  Barnstead,  N.  H. 

794  24th  Ave.  No.,  Petersburg,  Fla. 

July  22,  1929.      *Emery,  Gertrude Lynnfield  Center 

July  22,  1929.      *Emery,  Mabel  S Lynnfield  Center 

July  22,  1929.        Estes,  Elizabeth  P. 112  Maple  St. 

Oct.  24,  1914.  "t  *Evans,  Alice  Pickford  (Mrs.  Edwin  Joseph) 

Nov.  13,  1914.  J  4  Welland  Rd.,  Brookline 

July  32,  1929.        Fall,  Elmer  W 43  Autumn  St. 

July  22,  1929.        Fall,  Nellie  Adaline  (Mrs.  John  C.)  ...  43  Autumn  St. 

Nov.  19,  1906. 1  ,p  jj     Hen      Bacon Salem  St.,  So.  Lynnfield 

Mar.  17,  1913.  J  -^  -^ 

Oct.  18,  1915.        Farnham,  Mrs.  Lucy  Climena 281  Ocean  St. 

Dec.  20,  1902,       Farquhar,  John  Malcolm 211  Ocean  St. 

Oct.  22,  1926.    •   Farrow,  Vail  E , 60  Essex  St. 

Sept.  10,  1913.      Felt,  Anna  Maria  (Mrs.  William  H.)    .    .   32  Ocean  Ave. 

Dec.  15,  1913.       Felt,  William  Henry 32  Ocean  Ave. 

Jan.  17,  1916.        Felton,  James  Porter        i2  Grosvenor  Pk. 

Jan.  17,  1916.        Felton,  Josephine  Green  (Mrs.  James  P.) 

12  Grosveror  Pk. 

July  22,  1929.        Fenner,  Bessie  (Mrs.  J.  H.) 

125  Elmwood  Rd.,  Swampscott 

May  15,  1905.        Field,  Emma  Judson  (Mrs.  C.  H.)  .    .    .    .    517  Essex  St. 

June  20,  1904.        Fiske,  Maria  Cummings 35  Centre  St, 


lO  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

July  22,  1929.        Fogg,  Ethel  L 65  Mall  St. 

June  12,  1929.  Forbes,  Frances  A.  (Mrs.  Clarence  E.)     .    .  40  Broad  St. 

Mar.  16,  1914.        Foster,  Helen  Wallace 15  State  St.,  Boston 

Feb.  24,  1902.  Foster,  Susan  Maria  (Mrs.  George)    .    .    .    .  80  Baker  St. 

j^gr'  jZ'  J^°'  f  *Fraser,  Eugene  Bartlett 8  Sanderson  Ave. 

May*i9^'im°f    (  'French  Edward  Vinton       ...  185  Franklin  St.,  Boston 

fuU22\^929.'  \  *French,  Gertrude  Mix  (Mrs.  Henry  R.)    .    .  18  Park  St. 

fu\y'22,\'g29.'  { 'French,  Henry  Richardson 18  Park  St. 

Mar.  19,  1930.       French,  Mabel  A 68  Carter  Rd. 

Nov.  15,  1909.  /  *French,  Mary  Wentworth  (Mrs.  E.  V.) 

Aug.  18,  1913.  \  185  Franklin  St.,  Boston 

July  22,  1929.         Fullam,  Jennie  L.  A.  (Mrs.  Henry  H.) 

38  Wentworth  Place 
April  23,  1920.  Fuller,  Anabel  Ingalls  (Mrs.  Laurence  U.)  .  44  Breed  St. 
April  22,  1920.      Fuller,  Laurence  Usher  .    .        44  Breed  St. 

April   I,    1929.     /  ^.c'       u-    u     x,f  »  r>  A 

July  22,  1929.   J  *Furbish,  Mary  A 30  Rogers  Ave. 

Oct.  18,  1909.   )  *Gage,  Anna  Lincoln  (Mrs.  Frank  H.) 

July  22,  1929.    )  130  Atlantic  Ave.,  Swampscott 

Tulv  22'  IQ2Q    (  *^^S^'  Frank  Herbert  .    .  130  Atlantic  Ave.,  Swampscott 

Sept.  30,  1901.  }  *Gale,  Sadie  Martin  (Mrs.  Frank  H.) 
July  22,  1929.    )  1 168  Lowell  Rd.,  Schenectady,  N.  Y. 

Nov.  15,  1909.       Goddard,  Frederick  Augustine         ....   151  Ocean  St. 
Dec.  19,  1910.        Goldsmith,  Mary  Ann  Choate  (Mrs.  William  F.) 

12  Mason  St. 
Feb.  9,  1925.  Goldthwait,  Emily  H 93  Nahant  St. 

Maf."  I'y,'  1913.'  (  *Goodell,  Addie  Grace 4  Broad  St. 

Feb.  2,  1901.  Goodridge,  Charles  Sewall  .  34  Walker  Rd., Swampscott 

July  22,  J929.         Goss,  Eugenie 9  Garland  St. 

July  22,  1929.        Goss,  S.  Ellen 9  Garland  St. 

July  22,  1929.         Gove,  Eliza  H 303  Western  Ave. 

Oct.  20,  1902.  Green,  Susan   Frances  (Mrs.  Charles  L.)i3  Portland  St. 

Nov.  15,  1909.        Grover,  Byron  Eugene 179  Ocean  St. 

Nov.  15.  1909.       Grover,  James  Hubert 40  Baltimore  St. 

July  26,  1909.    )  .Qrover,  Mary  Rogers  (Mrs.  Charles  S.)  .  175  Ocean  St. 
July  21,   1913^  -^  *         ^  '        '  -^ 

Sept.  10,  1913.       Grover,  Maude  Djrrell  (Mrs.  James  H.)40  Baltimore  St. 

July  I,  1923.  Gunn,  Jessie  T 7  Lafayette  Pk. 

July  I,  1930.  Hacker,  Arvilla  M.  (Mrs.  Harold  E.)  .  33  Virginia  Ter. 


MEMBERS  II 


July  I,  1930.  Hacker,  Harold  E 23  Virginia  Ter. 

July  22,  1929.      *  Hacker,  Mary  B 20  Sagamore  St. 

^P"' ^7.  1897-1  ♦Hacker,  SalHe  Hannaford 254  Ocean  St. 

July  22,  1939.   J 

July  22,  1929.       *Hall,  Eben  H 102  Banks  Rd.,  Swampscott 

April  30,  1925.      Hammond,  Charles  A. 

48  Bedford  Rd.,  Schenectady,  N.  Y. 

April  27,  1897.      Hannan,  Joseph  Francis 15  Grosvenor  Pk. 

Feb.  21 ,  1910.  •>  *Harding,  Julia  Barnes  (Mrs.  Joseph  W.)  .  33  Nahant  St. 
July  22,  1929.    I  ^   •'  \  J        r  /       v^j 

April  ID,  1923.       Hargraves,  Lillian  Rhoby  (Mrs.  Carlton  Jewett) 

50  Charlesgate  East,  Boston 

Oct.  7,  1913.     I  *Harmon,  Harriet  Briggs    .    .    .    .  89  North  Common  St. 

April  20,  1914.  I 

July  22,  1929.         Harney,  Esther  Grady  (Mrs.  P.J.)    .    -    .    .  57  Breed  St. 

Dec.  19,  1910.        Harney,  Patrick  Joseph 57  Breed  St. 

July  22,  1929.         Harney,  Ruth  Elizabeth 57  Breed  St. 

July  22,  1929.  *Harris,  Bertha  A.  (Mrs.  Arthur  E.)  .  .  17  Chestnut  St. 
Jan.  20,  1913.  Harthan,  Annie  Hinks  (Mrs.  Charles  E.)  265  Boston  St. 
Jan.  20,  1913.         Harthan,  Charles  Emerson  ......  265  Boston  St. 

Mar.  16,  1914. "»  *Harwood,  Nellie  Irene  (Mrs.  Charles  E.) 

July  22,  1929.    i  104  High  Rock  St. 

July  22,  1929.       *Haskell,  Ann 17  Currier  Rd. 

Aug.  21,  i9i6.K^^g^gj,   j^^  J         h 17  Currier  Rd. 

July  22,   1929.      J  '  J  r 

Aug.  21,1916.  Up,  ^,,  Lillian  Rogers  (Mrs.  Ira  J.)  .  .  17  Currier  Rd. 
July  22,  1929. 1  »        V 

July  22,  1929.      *Haskell,  Roger  Sprague  ...  4  Linden  St.,  Marblehead 

^°''- 2^'  ^^99- Knastings,  Charles  Houghton 163  Ocean  St. 

July  22,  1929.   j  * 

July  22,  1929.        Hastings,  Wilmot  Reed, 

772  Humphrey  St.,  Phillips  Beach 

July  22,  1929.        Hawes,  Anna  P.  (Mrs.  Alfred  T.)  .    .    .   .  40  Nahant  St. 

April  21,  1919.      Hawkes,  Alice 2  Walden  St. 

Sept.  21,  1928.      Hawkes,  Emily  Hood  (Mrs.  Arthur  L.) 

Walnut  St.,  No.  Saugus 

Mar.  15,  1909.       Haywood,  Annie  Cowles  (Mrs.  Charles  E.)  11  Baker  St. 

Mar.  15,  1909.       Haywood,  Charles  Edward 11  Baker  St. 

July  22,  1929.      *Haywood,  Edith  Moulton  (Mrs.  George  W.)  26  Mace  Pi. 

^P"' 5.  1929-  "I  »Haywood,  George  William,  M.D 26  Mace  PI. 

July  22,  1929.   j  -^  '  o 

Nov.  15,  1909.       Hines,  John  Joseph 29  Greystone  Pk. 

Feb.  i6,  1903.        Hitchcock,  Eliza  Preble  (Mrs.  Fred  S.)  .  154  Jennees  St. 

April  27,  1899.      Hitchings,  James  Winchester 176  Ocean  St. 


12  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

Jan.  27,  1930.  Hitchings,  John  W 48  Chestnut  St.,  Saugus 

June  19,  1917.  Hixon,  Frederick  Warren 48  Brimblecom  St. 

June  19,  1917.  Hixon,  Grace  Hamilton  (Mrs.  Frederick  W.) 

48  Brimblecom  St. 

Dec.  28,  1900.  Hixon,  Lucilla  Delia  (Mrs.  Warren  S.)    19  Harwood  St. 

Dec.  38,  1900.  Hixon,  Warren  Sewall .    .    19  Harwood  St. 

July  22,  1929.  Hoague,  H.  Morton  .    .    139  Atlantic  Ave.,  Swampscott. 

July  22,  1929.  Hoague,  Mabel  S.  (Mrs.  H.  Morton) 

139  Atlantic  Ave.,  Swampscott 

Feb.  31,  1910.  Hobby,  Walter  Remington 48  New  Park  St. 

Oct.  20,  1902.  Hodgdon,  Charles  Ellsworth,  95  Banks  Rd.,  Swampscott 

Nov.  7,  1927.  Hodgkins,  Nathan  W 333  Union  St. 

Nov.  17,  1919.  Hogan,  George  F 14  Central  Ave. 

Mar.  27,  1900.  Holder,  Harriet  Ella 9  Tapley  St. 

Nov.  15,  1923.  Holder,  Henry  Allen 254  Ocean  St. 

Ju°y  22!'i92c>    1*^°''^^''' J^"^^  ^'^°'"§^" 60  Atlantic  St. 

Tu°v'23'  wo     )     Holder,  Joyce  Bisbee  (Mrs.  Jesse  M.)    .    .  60  Atlantic  St. 

Nov.  15,  1923.       Holder,  Lucy  Keene  (Mrs.  Henry  A.)  .    .    254  Ocean  St. 

July  32,  1929.       *Hollis,  Bertha  P.  (Mrs.  John  H.) 

8  Palmer  Ave.,  Swampscott 

July  22,  1929.      *Hollis,  Charles  Hilliard  8  Palmer  Ave.,  Swampscott 

July  22,  1929.      *Hollis,  Edward  Poole  8  Palmer  Ave.,  Swampscott 

Oct.  19,  1922.        Hollis,  Sarah  A 16  Newhall  St. 

Sept.  10,  1913.      Holt,  Florence 15  Keene  St. 

Sept.  19,  1904.      Homan,  Maria  Josephine  (Mrs.  Henry  H.)  18  Sachem  St. 

Oct.  19,  1922.        Houghton,  Harriet  Phillips 

24  Warner  St.,  Kensington,  Md. 
July  22,  1929.  Houghton,  Jane  M.  (Mrs.  Rodney  W.)  .  .  70  Myrtle  St. 
July  22,  1929.        Houghton,  Sarah  A.  (Mrs.  W.  E.) 

21  Beach  Ave.,  Swampscott 
Oct.  21,  1926.         Howe,  Virginia  de  B.  (Mrs.  Frederic  W.) 

79  Greenwood  Ave.,  Swampscott 

July  22,  1929.         Howes,  Paul  F 24  Hillside  Ave.,  Swampscott 

July  22,  1929.  *Hoyt,  Annie  Eraser  (Mrs.  Frank  N.)  .  .  16  Parker  Ave. 
July  22,  1929.       'Hoyt,  Frank  N 16  Parker  Ave. 

May  14,  1923.         Hudson,  Edith  N 134  Ocean  St. 

April  20,  1915.  Humphrey,  Irene  Mudge  (Mrs.  Roy  S.),  435  Chatham  St. 
July  22,  1929.  Ilurlburt,  John  R.  .  .  40  Beach  Bluff  Ave.,  Swampscott 
July  22,  1929.      *Hutchinson,  Mabel  A.  (.Mrs.  Samuel  C.)  .    15  Deer  Cove 

July  22,  1929.       *Hutchinson,  Samuel  C.  .        15  Deer  Cove 

July  I,  1924.  Ingalls,  Alfred  Wesley 26  Basset  St. 


MEMBERS  13 

July  22,  1939.        Ingalls,  Elizabeth  J.  (Mrs.  William  R.)    .    .  i  Chase  St. 

Julj  22,  1929.      *Ingalis,  Janet 9  Portland  St. 

Julj  I,  1924.  Ingalls,  Mjra  Elizabeth  (Mrs.  Alfred  W.)  .  26  Basset  St. 

T   1  ^r        11     TIT  ...      Ti      i.       )  West  Boxford 

July  22,  1929.      *Ingalls,  Walter  Renton  J  ^^  ^^^^^^  g^_^  ^^^^  York,  N.Y. 

July  22,  1929.         Ingelfinger,  Eleanor  Holden  (Mrs.  Joseph) 

5  Cliftside,  Swampscott 

July  22,  1929.        Ingram,  John 57  Eastern  Ave. 

July  22,  1929.        Ingram,  Julia  E.  (Mrs.  John) 57  Eastern  Ave. 

Nov.  8,  1929.         Jaques,  Helen  Woodbury  (Mrs.  Rupert  W.) 

20  Greenwood  Ave.,  Swampscott 
Feb.  21,  1910.  Jaques,  Rupert  Ward  .  20  Greenwood  Ave.,  Swampscott 
Feb.  21,  1910.        Jarvis,  Charlotte  Matilda  (Mrs.  Charles  Edwin) 

175  Ocean  St. 
Jan.  27,  1902.        Johnson,  Addie  Mabel  (Mrs.  A.  Justus) 

137  Elmwood  Rd.,  Swampscott 

April  27,  1S97.  y  ^j^j^^^^j^    gg^.^.^  j^g^j^^jj      io9NahantSt. 

Oct.  20,  1913.  ) 

Oct.  20,  1913.      *Johnson,  Benjamin  Newhall,  Jr 109  Nahant  St. 

Sept.  16,  1912.      Johnson,  Charles  Hudson 

137  Elmwood  Rd.,  Swampscott 

July  22,  1929.         Johnson,  Clarence  W 25  Munroe  St.,  Lynnfield 

Oct.  19,  1922.       Johnson,  Edith  Varney,  M.D.  (Mrs.  Harold  A.) 

45  Nahant  St. 
March  8,  1929.      Johnson,  Ella  M.  Winn  (Mrs.  William  A.) 

9  Lynn  Shore  Dr. 
Oct.  29,  1929.  Johnson,  Georgette  A.  (Mrs.  William  A.)  .  235  Ocean  St. 
July  22,  1929.        Johnson,  Harold  Adolphus,  37  Crosman  Ave.,  Beach  Bluff 

July  I,  1930.  Johnson,  Helen 34  Broad  St. 

April  7,  1899.       Johnson,  Lizzie  Bishop  (Mrs.  Edwin  H.) 

181  North  Common  St. 
Dec.  22,  1897.       Johnson,  Lydia  Hacker  (Mrs.  A.  Dudley) 

6  Boynton  Ter. 
Oct.  20,  1913.      *Johnson,  Richard  Vernon    ......  109  Nahant  St. 

July  22,  1929.        Johnson,  Ruby  B.  (Mrs.    Clarence  W.) 

25  Munroe  St.,  Lynnfield 

June  25, 1906.  /  ^jj^^g^^    g^         j^^^.g^ 55  Atlantic  St. 

April  10,1913.  S 

July  22,  1929.      *Jones,  Elgin  W.,  M.  D 44  Atlantic  St. 

Mar.  26,  1929      *Keene,  Gerry  ....•••.        ...  11  Grosvenor  Pk. 
Jan.  20,  1907.        Keene,  Susanne  Newhall  (Mrs.  William  G.)  ' 

1 1  Grosvenor  Pk. 

Nov.  13,  1899.       Keene,  William  Gerry 11  Grosvenor  Pk. 

July  22,  1929.      *Kelley,  H.  Morris •    •    20  Sagamore  St. 


14  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

July  23,  1939.      *Kelley,  Mrs.  Lucy  Hacker 20  Sagamore  St. 

Oct.  20,  1913.        Kelley,  Lucy  Proctor 51  Breed  St. 

July  22,  1919.  Kimball,  Edward  C.  .  .  .  15  Morton  Rd.,  Beach  Bluff 
Sept.  4,  1929.         Kimball,  Elizabeth  C.  (Mrs.  George) 

142  Locust  St.,  Danvers 
July  22,  1929.         Kimball,  Emma  Varney  (Mrs.  Edward  C.) 

15  Morton  Rd.,  Beach  Bluff 

July  26,  1909.        Kirkpatrick,  George  Holland,  M.D 64  Broad  St. 

Nov.  8,  1929.  Kirkpatrick,  Mary  Lovejoy  (Mrs.  George  H.)  64  Broad  St. 
July  22,  1929.  Knower,  Gladys  T.  (Mrs.  Clarence  L.)  .  45  Coburn  St. 
July  22,  1929.  Lamkin,  Maria  P.  (Mrs.  Walter  M.)  ...  41  Nahant  St. 
July  22,  1929.        Lamper,  Etta  B.  (Mrs.  Joseph  A.)  .  16  King's  Beach  Rd. 

uly  22,  T929.        Lamper,  Joseph  A 16  King's  Beach  Rd. 

April  II,  1929.      Lawrence,  Gertrude  Irving  (Mrs.  Herman  J.) 

85  Kirtland  St. 

April  II,  1929.       Lawrence,  Herman  Joseph 85  Kirtland  St. 

July  22,  1929.      'Leonard,  Barbara  Beardsell  (Mrs.  Laurence  B.) 

30  Atlantic  Ave.,  Swampscott 
July  26,  1909.        Leonard,  James  Wilkes ia6  Ocean  St. 

T  ,  * '    "     '  i  *Lewis,  Carrie  Shillaber  (Mrs.  Lloyd  G.)i7  Baltimore  St. 

July  22,  1929.    )  \  J  I   I 

Sept.  10,  1913.        Lewis,  Eliza  Needham  (Mrs.  Edward  E.)  12  Rockland  St. 

July  22,  1929.       *Lewis,  Lloyd  G 17  Baltimore  St. 

Nov.  15,  1915.       Lewis,  Salome  Annie  (Mrs.  Willard  F.) 

312  Humphrey  St.,  Swampscott 

July  22,  1929.         Little,  A.  Linda  .  943  No.  Hudson  Ave.,  Pasadena,  Cal. 

Sept.  16,  1912.  I  ♦Little,  Alexander  Everett 264  Ocean  St. 

Sept.  10,  1913.  S  ^ 

Sept.  16,  1912.  I  ♦Little,  Lillian  Abbie  (Mrs.  Alexander  E.),  264  Ocean  St. 
Sept.  10,  1913.  \  '  ^  n      t 

Jan.  27,  1899.  Little,  Mary  Frances  (Mrs.  William  B.)  .    13  Nahant  St. 

April  7,  1899.         Liltlefield,  Horatia  Appleton  (Mrs.  William  B.) 

35  Franklin  St. 
April  10,  1923.       Littlefield,  Imogene  B.  (Mrs.  Horace  Greeley) 

464  Western  Ave. 
Dec.  20.  1909.        Lord,  George  Francis 18  Wave  St. 

Oct.  18,  1909.    I  «Loveioy,  Charles  Averill,  M.D 64  Broad  St. 

Sept.  10,  1913.  \ 

Oct.  8,  1929.  Luitwieler,  Helen 175  Ocean  St. 

May  20,  1898.  Lummus,  Henry  Tilton 11  WolcottRd. 

July  22,  1929.  Lunt,  Frances  E.     ...  15  Mountain  Ave.,  Swampscott 

Dec.  17,  1906.  Mace,  Florence  Hall  (Mrs.  Frank  W.)    ...  15  Mace  PI. 

Mar.  2  1,  1904.  Mace,  Frank  William 15  Mace  PI. 


MEMBERS  15 

Oct.  23,  1907.        Macfarlane,  G.  Sidney no  Beacon  Hill  Ave. 

April27,  1897.  j,^  p^^^.  j^  g  247  Ocean  St. 

Feb.  20,  1913.  \  o  >  J  ti 

Oct.  15,  1917.        Manning,  Katherine  Morgan  (Mrs.  Harr}  G.) 

194  Maple  St. 

June  16,  1913.        Mansfield,  Addie  Augusta 66  Lewis  St. 

Feb.  16,  1914.        Marsh,  Arthur 243  Cht-stnut  St. 

July  26,  1909.         Marsh,  Helen  Marie  (Mrs.  Frank  A.  E.) 

15  Pennsylvania  Blvd.,  Bellerose,  L.  I. 
Feb.  16,  1914.        Marsh,  Mary  Elizabeth  Noyes  (Mrs.  Arthur) 

243  Chestnut  St. 
July  22,  1929.         Marshall,  Amanda  M.  (Mrs.  Isaac  R.)  .  28  Baltimore  St. 

April  20,  1915.  I  ,jyj  Esther  Hacker  (Mrs.  Henry  R.)  .    .  4  Prescott  Rd. 

July  22,  1929.    )  ■^  J        I         -r 

X  s  '    9  5'  (  •Mayo,  Henry  Rogers 4  Prescott  Rd. 

July  22,  1929.    ^  •'    '  -^        6  T 

Feb.  28,  1913.  McCarty,  William  Henry  .  Bradley  Ave.,  Phillips  Be.Trh 

July  22,  1929.         Meader,  E.  Jeannette 48A  Estes  St. 

July  22,  1929.         Meader,  Dr.  E.  Laura 4SA  Estes  St. 

Sept.  4,  1929.         Meakin,  Eric  N 142  Locust  St.,  Danvers 

July  26,  1930.         Merriam,  Grace  Lillian 16  Nevk^hall  St. 

Feb.  18,  1909.        Merrill,  Albert  Rowe Hamilton 

Jan.  2,  1923.  Merrill,  Martha   R.  (Mrs.  Harry  W.) 

Water  St.,  North  Saugus 

July  9,  1924.  Merritt,  Blanche  Lillian 9  Portland  St. 

July  22,  1929.  Merritt,  Mary  M.  (Mrs.  Walter  H.)      .    .    .  344  Maple  St. 

Jan.  I,  1926.  Miller,  Ida  Mudge  Hiller  (Mrs.  Charles  D.) 

12  Winthrop  Ave.,  Marblehead 

July  22,  1929.  *Milmore,  Charles  William  .  34  Bellevue  Rd.,  Beach  Bluff 

July  22,  1929.  *Milmore,  George  Otis    .    .  34  Bellevue  Rd.,  Beach  Bluff 

July  22,  1929.  *Milmore,  Lois  Choate    .    .  34  Bellevue  Rd.,  Beach  Bluff 

July  22,  1929.  *Milmore,  Mary  Lois  (Mrs.  Norville  L.) 

34  Bellevue  Rd.,  Beach  Bluff 

July  22,  1929.  *Milmore,  Norville  Livingston 

34  Bellevue  Rd.,  Beach  Bluff 

Dec.  19,  1910.  Moore,  Helen  Bancroft  (Mrs.  Arthur  S.)  .    .  54  Mall  St. 

Oct.  16,  1916.        Moore,  Mary  S 79  Park  St. 

July  22,  1929.       *Morgan,  Rev.  Garfield 42  Bassit  St. 

July  22,  1929.  *Morgan,  Lolo  R.  (Mrs.  Garfield)    .    .    ,     .    .  42  Basset  St. 

Feb.  16,  1914.  Morrow,  Dr.  Ven  on  Grandville  ....  141;  Munroe  St. 

Mar.  26,  1925.  Moss,  Jennie  D.  (Mrs.  Sanford  A.)   .        .  36  Sachem  St. 

Mar.  26,  1925.       Moss,  Sanford  A 36  Sachem  St. 

Jan.  10.  1929.         Moulton,  Mrs.  Florence  Niles 34  Broad  St. 


l6  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

July  22,  1929.         Moulton,  Sarah  H 11  Cherry  St. 

May  16,  1910.        Mower,  Frederick  Tennyson 31  Howard  St. 

Oct.  17,  1929.        Mower,  Helen  Newhall 11  Smith  St. 

June  12,  1929.  Mudge,  Adelaide  F.  (Mrs.  Arthur  B.)  .  27  Greystone  Pk. 

Jan.  19,  1914.  Mullin,  Cora  Palmer  (Mrs.  Henry  C.)    .    .   127  Ocean  St. 

July  22,  1929.  Naylor,  Jennie  Nourse  (Mrs.  Walter  H.)   .    .    37  Vine  St. 

Dec.  15,  1913.  Neal,  Harriet  Louise  (Mrs.  William  E.)  .  127  Nahant  St. 

July  22,  1929.  Neal,  Rachel  G.  (Mrs.  Arthur  W.)  ....  24  Sachem  St. 

Oct.  18,  1909.  Neath,  Thomas  Richardson 

75  Atlantic  Ave.,  Swampscott 

Feb.  16,  1914.  Newhall,  Alice  Ann  (Mrs.  Everett  H.) 

74  Lincoln  Ave.,  E.  Saugus 

Jan.  15,  1906.  Newhall,  Alice  Lillia  (Mrs.  Herbert  W.)  .    .  82  Broad  St. 

Oct.  24,  1914.        Newhall,  Annie  Louise 82  Broad  St. 

April  27,  1897.  Newhall,  Asa  Tarbell  ....  Pine  Point  Rd.  (Box  262) 

July  I,  1927.  Newhall,  Avis  E 23  Atlantic  St. 

July  I,  1927.  Newhall,  Charles  B 23  Atlantic  St. 

April  10,  1923.      Newhall,  Emma  E .    .  18  Foster  St.,  Saugus 

Jan.  27,  1902.  I   *i^g^hall,  Emma  Dow  (Mrs.  Lucian)  ...  281  Ocean  St. 

May  19,  1913.  ^ 

July  22,  1929.  Newhall,  Ethel  Newhall  (Mrs.  Guy)    .   .  21  Atlantic  Ter. 

Nov.  17,  1913.       Newhall,  Freeman  Howard 39  Commercial  St. 

Feb.  18,  1909.  Newhall,  Gertrude  Cutler  (Mrs.  John  B.),  23  Atlantic  St. 

July  I,  1924.  Newhall,  Grace  Garland 26  Broad  St. 

Oct.  20,  1902.       Newhall,  Guy •    21  Atlantic  Ter. 

Jan.  16,  1905.         Newhall,  Hannah  Emily 72  Nahant  St- 

Jan.  15,  1906.         Newhall,  Herbert  William,  M.D 82  Broad  St. 

April  27,  1897.      Newhall,  John  Breed 23  Atlantic  St. 

Feb.  9,  1925.         Newhall,  Loella 343  Chatham  St. 

Anril  27,  1807.  Newhall,  Lucy  E.  Bacheller  (Mrs.  Israel  A.) 

^         "      ^'  25  Franklin  St. 

July  22,  1929.  *Newhall,  Marguerite  Silsbee  (Mrs.  Benjamin  E.) 

207  Eastern  Ave. 

Oct.  19,  1922.        Newhall,  Martha  Louise 61  Broadway 

^P"l27,  '^97-  /  *Newhall,Terry  Arden 470  Broad  St. 

Aug.  26,  1913.  S 

Feb.  21,1910.        Nichols,  Elizabeth  May 13  Essex  Ct. 

April  27,  1897.       Nichols,  Frederick  Hammond 11  Nichols  St. 

July  I,  1924.  Norris,  Benjamin  Bertram  .  63  Lincoln  Ave.,  E.  Saugus 

April  10,  1923.  Northrup,  Arthur  J.    .    35  Beach  Bluff  Ave.,  Beach  Bluff 

lulv  22,  1929.  *Noyes,  Marv  Bartlett  (Mrs.  James  B.) 

■^     -^  "                                  186  Bay  State  Rd.,  Boston 

April  iS,  1921.     Nutter,  Frances  Green  (Mrs.  Ralph  H.) 

21  Mostyn  St.,  Beach  Bluff 


MEMBERS  17 

April  18,  1921.      Nutter,  Ralph  Herbert  ...  21  Mostyn  St.,  Beach  Bluff 

Nov.  17,  1913.       Obear,  Calista  Hyde  (Mrs.  Joseph  L.)   .    .  109  Broad  St. 

June  12,  1929.       Oliver,  Rev.  William  Brattle 17  Nahant  St. 

Feb.  21,  1910.  )  „^  ,  T  i_     TT  o     .   ,       .     . 

July  22,  1929.    \    Osborn,  John  Hanson  .    .  80  Atlantic  Ave.,  Swampscott 

Feb.  20,   1911.  )  *Osborn,  Mabel  Wallace  (Mrs.  John  H.) 

July  22,  1929.    \  80  Atlantic  Ave.,  Swampscott 

July29,  1901.         Osborne,  Archer  Preble 186  Allen  Ave. 

July  22,  1929.         Osborne,   Frank  W 16  Wolcott  Rd. 

Jan.  16,  1905.        Osborne,  Jessie  Keyes  (Mrs.  Archer  P.)  .  186  Allen  Ave. 
July  22,  1929.        Osborne,  Margherita  (Mrs.  Frank  W.)  .  16  Wolcott  Rd. 

Mar.  16,  1903.       Osborne,  Roy  Wallace 17  Court  St.,  Boston 

Sept.  23,  1930.      Palmer,  Marian  K.  (Mrs.  Grant  M.) 

8  Gowell  Lane,  Weston 
Oct.  19,  1929.        Papineau,  Grace  Burrill  (Mrs.  Arthur  Bradford) 

Martha's  Vineyard  Rectory,  Vineyard  Haven 
Feb.  16,  1914.       Parker,  Alice  Goldthwait  (Mrs.  Thomas  E.) 

93  Nahant  St. 

Nov.  3,  1921.         Parker,  Eunice  Ellen 30  Broadway 

Feb.  21,  1910.       Parker,  Thomas  Edward 93  Nahant  St. 

July  26,  1909.    )  „^  ^.  ^, 

July  22,  1929.    J  *Parsons,  Birney  Cleaves 55  Mountain  Ave. 

April  21,  1919.  )  *Parsons,  Florence  Nourse,  (Mrs.  Birney  C.) 

July  22,  1929.    \  55  Mountain  Ave. 

Jan.  II,  1899.        Parsons,  Katharine  Martin  (Mrs.  Charles  E.) 

106  Franklin  St. 

April  10,  1923.      Parsons,  Sally 59  Baltimore  St. 

Nov.  3,  1921.         Patch,  Addie  L.  (Mrs.  Fred  C.) 30  Broadway 

May  20,  1907.        Paul,  Maria  Ella    .    .    .    292  Humphrey  St.,"  Swampscott 

Sept.  15,  1929.      Pecker,  Olive 74  Humphrey  St.,  Swampscott 

April  20,  1914.      Perkins, Fred  Lawrence, 20  Greenwood  Ter.,  Swampscott 

Dec.  19,   1905.  )  *Perkins,  Rev.  Frederic  Williams,  D.D. 

Nov.  I,  1928.    )  1661  Crescent  PI.,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Oct.  15, 1906.    )  *Perkins,  Mary  Thayer  (Mrs.  Frederic  W.) 

Nov.  I,  T928.    S  1661  Crescent  PI.,  Washington,  D.C. 

Jan.  19,  1903.        Pevear,  Nellie  Owen 94  Franklin  St. 

Feb.  9,  1899.         Phillips,  Anna  Racilia  (Mrs.  Arthur  J.) 

Elmcroft,  W.  Peabody 

April  27,  1897.      Phillips,  Arthur  John Elmcroft,  W.  Peabody 

Jan.  13,  1921.        Phinney,  Harriet  Bishop 

1832  W.  71st.  St.,  Los  Angeles,  California 
Dec.  30,  1901.  Pike,  Georgianna  Scott  (Mrs.  James  N.)  .  .  29  Breed  St. 
May  20,  1907.  Pillsbury,  George  Edward  .  .  500  Salem  St.,  Lynnfield 
May  20,  1907.        Pillsbury,  Lucy  Chandler  (Mrs.  George  E.) 

500  Salem  St.,  Lynnfield 


10  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

April  5,  1929.        Plllsbury,  Ruth 500  Salem  St.,  Ljnnfield 

,  f-^  1  9  •  [.  «Ptnkham,  Arthur  Wellington  .  .  .  .  311  Western  Ave. 
July  22,  1929.    )  '  e>  o 

Mav  25,  1927.   Kpinkham,  Daniel  Rogers 300  Western  Ave. 

July  22,  1929     ) 

Oct.  7,  1913.     )  *Pinkhain,  Jennie  Barker  (Mrs.  Charles  H.) 

July  22,  1929.    )  306  Western  Ave. 

M.jv  25,  1927.   I  *Pinkham,  Olive  White  (Mrs.  Daniel  R.) 

Jiih  22,  1929.    )  300  Western  Ave. 

Oct.  18,  191.1;.   )  *Pinkham,  Ruth  Griffin  (Mrs.  Arthur  W.) 

July  22,  1929.    )  311  Western  Ave. 

April  I,  1929.        Piper,  Helen  J 46  Bloomfield  St. 

July  22,  1929.      *Pirie,  Fred  A 215  Nahant  Rd.,  Nahant 

May  19.1913.  }  *Plummer,  Harriet  Holman  (Mrs.  William  E.) 

Dec.  19,  1913.  )  150  Atlantic  Ave.,  Swampscott 

Mar.  20,  1930.       Pool,  Lena  B.  .    .        72  Johnson  St. 

April  18,  1898.      Porter,  Bertha  Currier 49  Fayette  St. 

Mar.  19,  1926.       Potter,  Marian  Breed  (Mrs.  Arnold  S.) 

22  Estabrook  Rd.,  Swampscott 
Feb.  21,  1910.        Power,  Daniel  Bird  Haskell  ....  13  Beacon  Hill  Ave. 

July  22,  1929       *Prichard,  Charles  R 27  Deer  Cove 

Dec.  20,  1909.       Proctor,  Annie  Elizabeth  (Mrs.  Ernest  L.) 

22  Estabrook  Rd.,  Swampscott 

Sept   9,  1929.         Putnam,  Anna  M 86  Lafayette  Pk. 

Sept.  9,  1929.         Putnam,  Augusta  N .86  Lafayette  Pk. 

Mav  IS,  1929.        Ranger,  Florence  Young  (Mrs.  Lynn  M.)  .3  Currier  Rd. 

May  IS,  1929.        Ranger,  Lynn  M 3  Currier  Rd 

April  10,  1923.  Ray,  Bertha  S.  (Mrs.  Benjamin  B.)  ,  .  .  74  Ocean  St. 
June  28,  1929.  Raynes,  Grace  Dorman  (Mrs.  Frederick  H.)  .  .  Grafton 
Mar.  17.  1913-       Redfern,  Mrs.  Mary  E.    292  Humphrey  St.,  Swampscott 

Feb.  16,  1922.        Reed,  William  T 26  Breed  St. 

Nov    20,  1916.      Reynolds,  Augusta 207  Boston  St. 

July  22,  1929.         Richardson,  Emma  F 48  Lafayette  Pk. 

June  12,  1929      *Richardson,  George  E 30  Lewis  St. 

July  22,   1929.     "Richardson,  Harry  L 48  Lafayette  Pk. 

Nov.  18,  1926.  )  *Richardson,  Jessie  Mower  (Mrs.  Harry  L.) 

July  22,   1929.  \  48  Lafayette  Pk. 

Oct.  16,  1911.        Ripley,  Mabel  Frances 214  Essex  St. 

Mar.  17.  1913.       Robbins,  Mary  E.  F 145  Lynn  Shore  Dr. 

July  22,  1929.         Robertson,  Frederick  W 56  Burrill  Ave. 

Dec.  21,  1922.       Robinson,  Leonor  A.  (Mrs.  Benjamin  F.) 

17  Emory  St.,  Saugus 
Jan.  13,  1921.        Robinson,  Mary  Rosamond  .    .    .    .  78  Main  St.,  Saugus 


MEMBERS  19 

Mar.  13,  1900.       Rogers,  Emmelyn  Chaee  (Mrs.  A.  L.) 

44  Glen  Rd.,  Winchester 
July  22,  1929.        Rogers,  Jeannette  Hardwick  (Mrs.  Edward  Little) 

150  Ocean  St. 
Nov.  16,  1929.       Rogers,  Ruth  P.   (Mrs.  S.  Carleton)  .    .    .  150  Ocean  St. 

Nov.  16,  1929.       Rogers,  S.  Carleton 150  Ocean  St. 

July  22,  1929.       *Rolfe,  Arthur  M.  .        .    .  104  Atlantic  Ave.,  Swampscott 

July  28,  1899.  )    ♦R   i£     Charles  Edwin  .    .  104  Atlantic  Ave.,  Swampscott 
July  22,  1929.  )  '  ^  '  K 

July  22,  1929.  *Rolfe  Charles  E.,  Jr.    .    .  104  Atlantic  Ave.,  Swampscott 

July  22,  1929.  *Rolfe,  Edith  W.  (Mrs.  Charles  E.) 

104  Atlantic  Ave.,  Swampscott 

July  23,  1929.       *Rolfe,  Maurice  W 14  Seaview  Ave.,  Marblehead 

Nov,  I,  1928.  Rose,  Mary  Bird  (Mrs.  William  Wallace) 

3  Grosvenor  Pk. 

Nov.  I,  1928.  Rose,  Rev.  William  Wallace,  D.D.,  .      3  Grosvenor  Pk. 

July  28,  1899.         Rowell,  Frank  Bruce 14  Linwood  Rd. 

July  33,  1929.  *Rundlett,  Etta  A.  (Mrs.  Fred  C.)  .    .    .    .  38  Atlantic  St. 

July  22,  1929.        Rundlett,  Fred  C 38  Atlantic  St. 

July  21,  1913.  Sanborn,  Ella  Maria  (Mrs.  Charles  S.)  .    .    .  18  King  St. 

Nov.  17,  1913.  *Sanders,  Harriet  Clough  (Mrs.  Frank  M.),253  Ocean  St. 

Jan.  16,  1911.  Sanderson,  Albenia  (Mrs.  John  A.)  .    .    .  33  Atlantic  St. 

May  20,  1907.  Sanderson,  Carrie  May  (Mrs.  Howard  K.),  16  Amory  St. 

April  30,  1925.  Sanderson,  Kendall  A.  .  10  Bay  View  Ave.,  Swampscott 

April  18,  1931.      Sawtell,  Alice  E 15  Cherry  St. 

April  18,  1921.      Sawtell,  Emma  G 15  Cherry  St. 

April  18,  1921.      Sawtell,  Nellie  M 15  Cherry  St. 

Nov.  20,  1916.  Sawyer,  Nellie  A.  (Mrs.  Henry  A.)    .    .    .    135  Ocean  St. 

April  15,  1929.      Seavey,  Fred  Wight 4  Timsbury  Ter. 

April  20,  1915.      Sheehan,  Joseph  Cornelius 36  Temple  PI. 

July  22,  1929.         Shepherd,  Mary  E.        80  Gardiner  St. 

July  23,  1939.      *Sheridan,  Rev.  John  A.  571  Boston  St. 

Feb.  9,  1925.  Shores,  Lillian 90  Hesper  St.,  Saugus 

Aug.  18,  1913.       Shorey,  George  Langdon 30  Baker  St. 

jJ?J 2^2,7929.  I    *Silsbee,  Henry 38  Brookline  St. 

July  32,  1929.      *Silsbee,  Henry  Otis,  2nd.  .        37  Brookline  St. 

July  22,  1929.      *Silsbee,  Henry  Otis,  3rd 37  Brookline  St. 

March  9,  1929.  Silver,  Catherine  H.  (Mrs.  John  L.) 

33  Lincoln  Ave.,  Saugus 

July  22,  1939.         Skinner,  Helen  C 59  Baltimore  St. 

Oct.  30,  1903.  Small,  Ruth  Wood  (Mrs.  James  B.)  .    .    .  57  Johnson  St. 

July  33,  1929.  *Smith,  C.  Fred   ....    106  Elmwood  Rd.,  Swampscott 


20  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

July  I,  1928.  Smith,  Helen  B 26  Nahant  PI. 

Jan.  18,  1915.        Smith,  Helen  E.  C.  (Mrs.  Murdock  C.)  .  36  Rogers  Ave. 

Nov.  15,  1915.  )  *Smith,  Mabel  Peach  (Mrs.  C.  Fred) 

July  22,  1929.    \  106  Elmwood  Rd.,  Swampscott 

Dec.  30,  1901.        Smith,  Mary  Abby 8  Portland  St. 

Dec.  21,  1914.        Smith,    Murdock  Campbell,  M.D.    ...  36  Rogers  Ave. 
Sept.  9,  1898.    I  *Smith,  Sarah  Fuller  (Mrs.  Joseph  N.) 
Mar.  15,  1913.  )      San  Remo  Hotel,  Central  Park,  West,  New  York,  N.Y. 
July  22,  1929.        SouthwJck,  Walter  H 7  Central  Ave. 

May  20,  1918.  J   *s   inn        p^ank  C 270  Ocean  St. 

July  29,  1929.  ^        ^         ■^' 

July  29,  1929.      *Spinney,  Josephine  C.  (Mrs.  Frank  C.)    .  270  Ocean  St. 

April  20,  1914.      Sprague,  Charles  Francis,  44  Atlantic  Ave.,  Swampscott 

April 20,  1915.  )  *Sprague,  Charles  Henry 

July  22,  1929.    )  12  Glen  Eagles'  Drive,  Larchmont,  N.Y. 

April 20,  1915.  I  *Sprague,  Howard  Burnham,  M.D. 

July  22,  1929.    S  351  Clinton  Rd.,  Brookline 

Aug.  26,  1901.  I  *Sprague,  Laura  Loring  (Mrs.  Henry  B.) 

July  22,  1929.    \  33  Walker  Rd.,  Swampscott 

Mar.  II,  1920.       Sprague,  Laurelle  Emerson  (Mrs.  Eugene  B.) 

98  Redington  St.,  Swampscott 
Feb.  21,  1910.        Sprague,  Mary  Susie  (Mrs.  William  C),  11  Phillips  Ave. 

Feb.  21,  1910.       Sprague,  William  Chase 11  Phillips  Ave. 

July  22,  1929.         Sprenger,  Catherine  M.  (Mrs.  G.  Walter) 

14  Sherman  Ter. 
July  22,  1929.         Sprenger,  G.  Walter  . 14  Sherman  Ter. 

June  17  1907- j    *Stark,Josie  (Mrs.  Kirk) 8  Sanderson  Ave. 

July  22,  1929.  )  -'  ' 

July  22,  1929.      *Stegeman,  Elizabeth  Hacker  (Mrs.  William  H.) 

30  Ocean  Ter. 

Sept.  19,  1910.  )  *Stephenson,  Adaline  Elizabeth  (Mrs.  Charles  H.) 

Oct.  14,  1913.   )  191  Ocean  St. 

Nov.  17,  1913.     *Stephenson,  Sarah  Elizabeth  Clough  (Mrs.  W.R.C.) 

50  Edge  Hill  Rd.,  Brookline 
Jan.  17,  1916.        Stephenson,  William  R.  C,  50  Edge  Hill  Rd.,  Brookline 

Oct.  20,  1902.  )  *stevens,  Charles  Goold 147  Washington  St. 

July  22,  1929.   ) 

July  21,  1913.    f  »steven8,  Elisha  Morse    .    .    18  Fairview  Ave.,  Lynnfield 

July  22,  1929.    ) 

July  21,  1913.    (  *Steven8,  Helen  F.  (Mrs.  Elisha  M.) 

June  18,  1930.    )  18  Fairview  Ave.,  Lynnfield 

Sept.  19,  1904.      Stevens,  James  Dexter 12  Highland  Ave. 

Oct.  20,  1902.    (  *Stevens,  Mary  Brown  (Mrs.  Charles  N.) 

July  22,  1929.    \  147  Washington  St. 

July  17,  1916.        Stiles,  Arthur  H 203  Lynn  Shore  Dr. 


MEMBERS  21 

July  17,  1916.        Stiles,  Lulu  T.  (Mri.  Arthur  H.)  •   .  203  Lynn  Shore  Dr. 

July  22,  1929.      *Sullivan,  James  W 37  Lynn  Shore  Dr. 

Nov.  21,  1914.       Swett,  William  H.  .    .        103  Liberty  St.  (The  Osmund) 
Feb.  16,  1903.       Symonds,  Mary  Alice  (Mrs.  Walter  E.)    .   57  Nahant  St. 

Feb.  2,  1901.         Symonds,  Warren  Lovell 57  Nahant  St. 

July  22,  1929.        Tarbox,  Florence  B.       17  Mace  PI. 

Feb.  9,  1925.         Taylor,  Annie  Newhall  (Mrs.  Robert  E.) 

74.  Lincoln  Ave.,  E.  Saugus 
Mar.  13,  1930.       Tebbetts,  Gladys  Creamer  (Mrs.  Theodore) 

8  Neighborhod  Rd.,  Swampcott 
Mar.  13,  1930.  Tebbetts,  Theodore  .  8  Neighborhood  Rd.,  Swampscott 
July  22,  1929.      *Thomson,  Clarissa  H.  (Mrs.  Elihu) 

22  Monument  Ave.,  Swampscott 

,,    ■     J    "     ■   (  *Thomson,  Elihu  ...    22  Monument  Ave.,  Swampscott 
Mar.  17,  1913.  )  >  f 

Jan.  27,  1902.  Titus,  Augusta  Tyson  (Mrs.  I.  Walton)    .  11  Deer  Cove 

May  25,  1927.  Todd,  Mary  Abbie 40  Broad  St. 

Sept.  10,  1913.  Townsend,  Mary  Abby 252  Ocean  St. 

July  22,  1929.  Tremaine,  Estelle 116  Marianna  St. 

July  22,  1929.  Tremaine,  Marianna  N.  (Mrs.  Charles)  116  Marianna  St. 

July  I,  1929.  Tuck,  Alice  C 23  Nahant  St. 

T   ,    ■      '  "     '    ;-  *Tucker,  Bertha  Blanche 44  Hamilton  Ave. 

July  22,  1929.    \i  ^^ 

Mar.  27,  1900.  I  *Tucker,  Emma  Adelaide  (Mrs.  Marcus  E.) 

July  22,  1929.    \  44  Hamilton  Ave. 

Jan.  10,  1929.        Turner,  Mrs.  Martha  Sibley 11  Parker  Ave. 

July  22,  1929.        Underwood,  Edward  S.    .    .  26  Walker  Rd.,  Swampscott 

July  22,  1929.        Underwood,  Maud  (Mrs.  Edward  S.) 

26  Walker  Rd.,  Swampscott 

Feb.  20,  1905.        Upham,  Otis  Leonard 204  Lewis  St. 

April  10,  1923.      Valpey,  Fred  Burns 15  Anoka  PI- 

April  10,  1923.      Valpey,  Jennie  Lane 21  Baltimore  St. 

June  20,  1904.       Viall,  Annah  Plummer 39  Bloomfield  St. 

June  20,  1904.       Viall,  Kate  Gile 39  Bloomfield  St. 

Feb.  21,  1910.  I   *Viets,  Caroline  Elizabeth  (Mrs.  James  R.) 

July  22,  1929.  \  26  Greystone  Pk. 

Feb.  21,  1910.  J  .viets,  James  RoUin 26  Greystone  Pk. 

July  22,  1929.    >  •'  -^ 

July  22,  1929.        Walker,  Nellie  E.  . 520  Essex  St. 

July  26,  1909.        Walter,  Florence  Davis  (Mrs.  Alfred  M.) 

25  Grosvenor  Pk. 

July  22,  1929.        Warren,  Ada 40  Trinity  Ave. 

Mar.  1 1,  1920.       Watson,  Gertrude  Kinsman  (Mrs.  Wilfred  E.) 

12  West  Baltimore  St. 


22  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

Feb.  17,  1913.        Watts,  Elizabeth  Small 604  Essex  St. 

Nov.  10,  1927.  Webster,  Elizabeth  J.  (Mrs.  Arthur  E.)  .  46  Rowell  Ave. 

Sept.  22,  1930.     *Weed,  Herbert 164  Williams  Ave. 

Oct.  21,  1907.  Welch,  John  Henry  ...  153  Elmwood  Rd.,  Swampscott 

July,  22,  1929.       Wentworth,  Abby  Newhall 238  Summer  St. 

Jan.  27,  1930.  Wetherbie,  Emma  D.  (Mrs.  Loman  L.) 

Anchor  Club  Rd. 
Jan.  27,  1930.        Wetherbie,  Loman  L Anchor  Club  Rd. 

T^n^a!^'/r?,°^  (  *Whitten,  Frank  Swain 33  Munroe  St. 

Jan.  24,  1914.  )  ■^^ 

Feb.  9,  1925.  Wilder.  Grace  E 17  Bloomfield  St. 

July  22,  1929.        Williams,  Mary  Evelyn  (Mrs.  Judson)  .    .  195  Ocean  St. 

fu'ly  22!'i9%"^'  (  *Wilson,  Alice  Campbell  (Mrs.  Fred  A.),  High  St.,  Nahant 
Oct.  8    IQI7    '(  *Wilson,  Annie  Eudora 273  Ocean  St. 

fu^y2!!'i9%^."  |*^"«°"'^'"^'^^"^" High  St.,  Nahant 

July  22,  1929.      *Wilson,  J.  Thomas Nahant 

Oct.  16,  1911.        Wilson,  Leon  Eugene 14  Rhodes  Ave. 

July  22,  1929.      *Wilson,  Philip  C 19  Summit  Ave. 

Oct.  24,  1914.         Winslow,  Edward  Martin 169  Lynn  Shore  Dr. 

April  10,  1923.  Wix,  Mabelle  Blake  (Mrs.  Thomas)    .  112  Western  Ave. 

April  27,  1897.       Wood,  Lana  Josephine .    .  19  Franklin  St. 

Mar.  17,  1913.       Woodbridge,  Charles  Glidden 77  Central  Ave. 

Feb.  17,  1913.      "Woodbury,  Alice  Porter 51  Baltimore  St. 

Sept.  loi  1913!  (  *Woodbury,  John 345  Marlborough  St.,  Boston 

Feb.  17,  1913.      *Woodbury,  Laura  Brown 51  Baltimore  St. 

Feb.  17,  1913.      *Woodbury,  Louise 51  Baltimore  St. 

April  26,  1900.  I  *Woodbury,  Maria  Brown  (Mrs.  C.  J.  H.) 
Feb.  17,  1913.    \  51  Baltimore  St. 

Feb.  21,  1910.        Woodbury,  Mary  Parker(Mrs.  S.  Herbert), 75  Nahant  St. 
Jan.  13,  1921.         Wyer,  Marion  Shillaber  (Mrs.  Robert  H.) 

52  Baltimore  St. 
Nov.  17,  1913.  )  *Wyman,  Edith  Estelle  (Mrs.  Louis  A.) 
July  22,  1929.    )  925  Humphrey  St.,  Swampscott 

July  22,  1929.      *Yozell,  Henry  L 16  Fuller  Ave.,  Swampscott 

July  22,  1929.      *Yozell,  Laura  B.  (Mrs.  Henry  L.) 

16  Fuller  Ave.,  Swampscott 
July  22,  1929.      *Yozell,  Maurice    .    ,    .    •  27  Bay  View  Ave.,  Swampscott 


MEMBERS  23 

SUMMARY 

December  i,  1930 

Honorary  Member i 

Life  Members 199 

Complimentary i 

Annual  Members 435 

Total 636 


THE  REGISTEP 


LvRR  Historical  Socictv 


NumDer  25,  Part  il,  January  1 1.  1923,  to  January  12,  1926 

Editor,  Ellen  Hudge  Burrlll 
LYNN,  MASSACHUSETTS 

PUBLISHED    BY    THE    SOCIETY 

September  i,  1931 


THE  REGISTER 


lvrr  Historical  Socie'tv.w>- 


NumDer  25,  Part  II,  JanucirLi  1 1,  1923,  to  January  12,  192s 

Editor,  Ellen  Hudge  Burrlll 
LYNN,  MASSACHUSETTS 

PUBLISHED    BY    THE    SOCIETY 
September  i,  1931 


F7^ 


Contents 


Page 

Officers 4 

Committees    ............       5 

Officers,  1897-1930,  grouped  under  titles 5 

By-Laws  ............       9 

Treasurer's  Reports,  Jan.  17,  1924-Jan.  12,  1928   ....        12-15 

Secretary's  Reports  tor  the  years  1923-1927  inclusive,    i6,  27,  77,  127,  154 

President's  Receptions 16,  77,  127 

Reports  of  Committees  on, — 

Hospitality 25.  43'  87,  136,  164 

Manuscripts 17,  41,  134,  164 

Necrology         .......  24,  42,  86,  136,  166 

Nominations 23,  40,  84,  134,  164 

Photography 23,41,  164 

Shoemaker's  Shop  Tablet 18 

Abstracts  of  Papers, — 

When  the  Purit.a:is  Came,  Dr.  Charles  H.  Bangs  .         .         .16 

Captain  William  Kidd,  Pirate  or  Gentleman,  John  H.  Edmonds,  18 
Four  Thousand  Miles  of  Motoring  in  the  Far  West, 

Charles  E.  Wilson     19 
Early  New  England  Christmas  Customs,  Louise  M.  Taylor  .     20 

Collections  of  the  Society,  John  Albree,  George  S.  Bliss, 

Ellen  Mudge  Burrill,  Benjamin  N.  Johnson,  Mrs.  Howard  K. 

Sanderson 22,30,40,81,82 

Washington,  the  Man,  Raymond  T.  Parke  .  .  .  .  37,  45 
The  Origin  of  the  Colonial  Legislature,  Alfred  W.  Ingalls  .  .  28 
Experiences  and  Observations  in  England  and  France, 

Benjamin  N.  Johnson,     37 

The  Forks  of  the  Ohio,  Alden  P.  White 37 

Lynn  in  the  Revolution,  Kendall  A.  Sanderson    .         .         .         -78 
Lynn  Men  killed  in  the  Battle  of  Menotomy,  John  Albree    .         .     79 
Lynn  Companies  and  Streets  in  the  Revolutionary  Period, 

Ellen  Mudge  Burrill     .     80 
Louis  Jacques  Maiidcf  Daguerre,  John  Albree  .  .  .         -85 

Colonial  Furniture,  Louise  M.  Taylor  ......   128 

Personal  Reminiscences  of  the  Civil  War,  Henry  Grant  Weston,    129 
A  Sketch  of  the  Buccaneers,  Ira  J.  Haskell    .....   131 

A  Trip  to  Greece,  Benjamin  N.  Johnson         .....   134 

Col.  Timothy  Pickering,  American  Statesman  and  Soldier 

of  the  Revolutionary  War,  William  D.  Chappie  .   154 

The  Gen.  Henry  Knox  Artillery  Expedition  from  Fort 

Ticonderoga,  N.Y.,  to  Cambridge,  William  S.  Youngman,   155 


CONTENTS  3 

Page 
Lynn,  Her  Parks  and  Playgrounds,  Alfred  T.  Comstock       .  157 

Col.  Isaac  Royall,  of  Medford,  his  Mansion  and  Slave  Quarters, 

Charles  M.  Green,  M.D.,  160 
King's  Lynn,  England,  Benjamin  N.  Johnson       ....  164 
The  following  papers  are  printed  in  full, — 

Shays's  Rebellion,  Its  Inception  and  Results, Henry  A.  Sawyer,  37,  56 

Clipper  Ships,  Alfred  E.  Chase 77.  90 

James  Gardner,  M.D.,  A  Revolutionary  Soldier, 

Mrs.  Mary  Caroline  Phillips  Bennett      79,  105 
The  American  Adventure,  an  Interpretation  of  the  Revolution, 

Rev.  Frederic  W.  Perkins,  D.D.  82,  109 
The  Old  Diary  of  a  Young  Man,  John  Albree  .  .  .  82,121 
The  Administration  of  Criminal  Justice,  Henry  T.  Lummus  83,  124 
Some  Old  Breed  Homesteads,  Mary  Blake  Breed  .         .     131,138 

Mount  Chocorua,  Thomas  Edward  Parker    ....     154,  167 


Illustrations 


Ebenezer  Breed  Waiter Frontispiece 

Iron  Door  Latch  and  Brass  Knocker opposite  22 

Increase  Newhall  or  "Minute  Men's"  Tavern  .         .         .     opposite  78 

Isaac  Orgin  House opposite  84 

"Aunt  Mary  Breed"  Home opposite  138 


FORM   OF    BEQUEST 


I  bequeath  the  sum  of dollars  to 

the  Lynn  Historical  Society,  incorporated  under  the  laws  of  the 
Commonwealth  of  Massachusetts,  and  direct  that  the  receipt  of 
the  Treasurer  of  the  said  Society  shall  be  a  release  to  my  estate 
and  to  its  executors  from  further  liability  under  said  bequest. 


Copies  of  this  Register  will  be  sent  post  paid  on  receipt  of  one  dollar. 


OFFICERS 

From  1923 

President 
BENJAMIN   NEWHALL  JOHNSON 

Vice  Presidents 
WARREN   MUDGE    BREEDi       FRED   A.  WILSON 

CHARLES   E.  HAYWOOD         KENDALL   A.  SANDERSON^ 
Secretary 
ELLEN   MUDGE   BURRILL 

Treasurer 

GUSTAVUS   ATTWILL3  RUPERT   W.  JAQUES* 

Council^ 
The  above  Ex-Officiis,  and  : — 

John  Albree  1921-1923  1924-1926     1927-1929      1930-1932 

Horace  H.  Atherton,  Jr.  1921-1923  1924-1926     1927-1929     1930-1933 

Mrs.  Micajah  P.  Clough  1921-1923  1924-1926     1927-1929     1930-1932 

Dr.  Carolus  M.  Cobb  1921-1923  1924-1926      1927-1929     1930-1932 

William  Stocker  Burrill  I92i-Feb.8 

Henry  F.  Tapley  1921-1923  1924-1926  I927-Jan.8,i929 

Frank  W.  Mace  1923-  1924-1926     1927-1929     1930-1932 

Louis  M.  Atherton  Mar.  26,  1929  1930-1932 

George  S.  Bliss  1922-1924  1925-1927      1928-1930      1931-1933 

Mrs.  Nathaniel  P.  Breed  1922-1924  1925-1927     1928-1930      1931-1933 

Ira  J.  Haskell  1922-1924  1925-1927      1928-1930      I93i-i933 

Susan  L.Johnson  1922-1924  1925-1927 
Fred  M.  Nichols         I922-June30,  1924 

Mary  A.  Townsend  1922-1924  1925-1927      1928-1930      1931-1933 

Henry  A.  Sawyer  1925-1927   1928-Nov.  5, 1929 

William  Gerry  Keene  1928-1930      1931-1933 

Alfred  E.  Chase  1930-  I93'-I933 

Harrison  Parrott  Burrill  1923-1935  1926-1928      1929-1931 

Micajah  P.  Clough  1923-1925  1926-1928     1929-1931 

Sallie  H.  Hacker  1923-1925  1926-1928      1929-1931 

A.  Dudley  Johnson  1923-1925  1926-Mar.  2,1936 

Mrs.  George  E.  Pillsbury  1923-1925  1926-1928     1929-1931 

Henry  Rogers  Mayo  1923-1925  1926-1928     1929-1931 

Kendall  A.  Sanderson  1937-1928      1929-Jan.  10 

Mrs.  Charles  B.  Clarke  Jan.  10,  1929-1931 

>  Resig^ned  Jan.  10,  1929.  ^  Died  Mar.  19,  1929. 

-  Elected  Jan.  10,  1939.  '  Elected  Apr.  j,  1929. 

'■  The  years  are  inclusive. 


COMMITTEES 


COMMITTEES  FROM  1923 


Custodians. — Gustavus  AttwilU,  Chairman,  Buildings  and  Grounds, 
succeeded  Nov.  8,  1929  by  Frank  W.  Mace;  John  Albree,  Books  and 
Pamphlets;  George  S.  Bliss,  Photographs. 

Fitiatice. — Henry  F.  Tapley^,  Chairman,  Micajah  P.  Clough. 

Necrology  and  Genealogy. — Susan  L.  Johnson^,  Chairman,  succeeded 
by  S.  Ellen  Breed;  Mrs.  Micajah  P.  Clough,  Mrs.  Harriet  F.  Parker*, 
Mrs.  Howard  K.  Sanderson. 

Hospitality.— ^sMiQ  H.  Hacker^,  Chairman,  succeeded  May  9,  1930, 
by  Mrs.  Nathaniel  P.  Breed;  Mary  A.  Townsend,  Vice  Chairman,  Mrs. 
Gustavus  Attwill,  Mrs.  Henry  P.  Emerson^,  Mrs.  Ira  J.  Haskell,  Mrs. 
Benjamin  N.  Johnson'',  Mrs.  George  E.  Pillsbury,  Mrs.  Wilfred  E- 
Watson,  Mrs.  James  R.  Viets. 

Lectures  and  Public  Meetings. —  Benjamin  N.  Johnson,  Chairman 
from  1934,  John  Albree  (Chairman  in  1923),  Ellen  Mudge  Burrill. 

Old  Town  Records. — Benjamin  N.Johnson,  Chairman,  John  Albree, 
Ellen  Mudge  Burrill,  Fred  A.  Wilson. 

Fireproof  Addition. — Benjamin  N.Johnson,  Chairman,  John  Albree, 
Fred  A.  Wilson,  1923-1928. 

Old-Time  Shoemaker's  Shop. — Henry  F.  Tapley,  Chairman,  Gustavus 
Attvirill,  Warren  M.  Breed,  Everett  H.  Dunbar,  Sallie  H.  Hacker.  (Assign- 
ment completed  in  1923.) 

Trustees  of  Endowment  and  other  Invested  Funds. — Benjamin  N. 
Johnson,  Chairman,  3  years,  Alfred  E.  Chase,  2  years,  H.  Morris  Kelley, 
I  year,  Rupert  W.  Jaquss,  Secretary.     (Appointed  Nov.  12,  1929.) 


OFFICERS    1897— 1930 


Presidents 


Philip  Augustus  Chase  1898,  1899 

Benjamin  Newhall  Johnson  1900-1909,1918- 

George  Henry  Martin  1910-1912 

Henry  Fuller  Tapley  1916,1917 

Charles  Jeptha  Hill  Woodbury*  1913-1916  (Mar.  20) 


1  Died  Mar.  19,  1929.  "  Resigned  May  9,  1930. 

2  Died  Jan.  8,  1929.  "  Died  July  6,  1927. 
'  Resigned  Jan.  10,  1929.  '  Died  July  5,  1926, 
*  Died  Apr.  3,  1926.  '  Died  in  office 


LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 


Vice  Presidents 
Benjamin  Newhall  Johnson  1898,  1899 

Henry  Fuller  Tapley 
George  Henry  Martin 
Charles  Jeptha  Hill  Woodbury 
John  Albree 
Charles  Neal  Barney 
Charles  Shreve  Grover 
Henry  Newhall  Berry 
Charles  E.  Haywood 
*Louis  Martin  Winslow 
Elisha  M.  Stevens 
Fred  A.  Wilson 
Warren  Mudge  Breed 
Kendall  A.  Sanderson 


1900,  1901 
I 902- I 909 
1910-1912 
1910-1918 
1910-1918 

1913-1915 

1916,  1917 

1917- 

1919-Apr.  22 

1919. 

1920- 

I923-I929(jan.  10) 

1929  (Jan.  10)- 


Recording  Secretaries 


*Howard  Mudge  Newhall 
John  Albree 


1898-1908  (Dec.  25) 
1909 


Corresponding  Secretary 
William  Stocker  Burrill  1898-1909 

Assistant  Secretary 
Helen  Wallace  Foster  1916-1918 


Secretaries 


William  Edwin  Dorman 
David  Demarest 
Charles  Stewart  Viall 
John  Albree 
Ellen  Mudge  Burrill 


1910-1913 
1914,  1915 
1916,  1917 
1918-1920 
1921- 


Treasurers 


Charles  F.  Peirce 
Eugene  Andrew  Putnam 
Charles  Stewart  Viall 
Everett  H.  Black 
Warren  Mudge  Breed 
•Gustavus  Attwill 
Rupert  W.  Jaques 


1898,  1899 

1900- 1 902 

1903-1907 

1908,  1909 

1910-1914 

1915-1929  (Mar.  19) 

1929  (Apr.  5)- 


OFFICERS 


Councillors 


John  C.  Houghton 

1898 

David  Nevvhall  Johnson 

1898 

Rufu8  Kimball 

1 898-1909 

Frank  Keene 

1898,  1899 

Samuel  A.  Guilford 

1 898- 1 90 1 

John  Woodbury 

1898-1901 

Philip  Augustus  Chase 

1898-190-} 

*Charles  Henry  Newhall 

1 898- 1908  (Apr.  22) 

*HOward  Mudge  Newhall 

1898-190S  (Dec.  25) 

Charles  F.  Peirce 

1898-1910 

Benjamin  Newhall  Johnson 

1 898- 19 1 7 

*James  Silver  Newhall 

i898-i9i8(Sept.  21) 

*Nathan  Mortimer  Hawkes 

1898-1919  ( 

Feb.  7) 

*William  Stocker  Burrill 

1898-1921  (Feb.  8) 

*Henry  Fuller  Tapley 

1898-1915; 

1918-1929  (Jan. 

8) 

George  Henry  Martin 

1899-1909 

Earl  Augustus  Mower 

1899-1909; 

1911-1917 

*Eugene  Andrew  Putnam 

1 900- 1 902  ; 

1904- 1909  (Dec 

.2) 

George  S.  Bliss 

1902- 

John  Lord  Parker 

1902-1909 

Charles  Neal  Barney 

1904-1909 

Albion  Hale  Brainard 

1904 

Henry  N.  Comey 

1904,  1905 

tHenry  D.  Sears 

1904,  190/; 

Charles  Jeptha  Hill  Woodbury 

1904-1909 

John  Albree 

1905-1909; 

1921- 

William  Stone 

1905-1907 

Charles  Stewart  Viall 

1 903- 1 909 

William  Edwin  Dorman 

1906-1909 

Ellen  Mudge  Burrill 

1907-192 1 

Sallie  H.  Hacker 

1907- 

Mrs.  William  W.  Lummus 

1907-1909; 

1913-1923 

tHarriet  Louise  Matthews 

1908-1918 

Everett  H.  Black 

1908,  1909 

Mrs.  Micajah  P.  Clough 

1908- 

*Andrew  Dudley  Johnson 

1908-1926  1 

'Mar.  2) 

John  Breed  Newhall 

1909,  1910 

;  1919-1921 

Charles  Shreve  Grover 

1910-1912 

Charles  H.  Hastings 

1910-1914 

Dr.  John  J.  Mangan 

1910 

Mary  Elizabeth  Newhall 

1910 

tAddie  H.  Alley 

1910-1913 

tMrs.  L  Clarkson  Chase 

1911-1919 

James  D.  Stevens 

1911-1913 

*Loui8  Martin  Winslow 

1911-1919  (Apr.  22) 

8  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

*Thomas  Franklin  Pedrick  1913-1920  (Feb.  21) 

Lawrence  E.  Brown  1914-1916 

Henry  Newhall  Berry  1915-1917 

tSusan  L.  Johnson  1916-1937 

Micajah  Pratt  Clough  1917- 

Dr.  Carolus  M.  Cobb  1918- 

Elisha  M.  Stevens  1918 

Mary  A.  Town  send  1918- 

Horace  H.  Atherton,  Jr.  1919- 

Mrs.  George  E.  Pillsbury  1919- 

Fred  A.  Wilson  1919 

Harrison  Parrott  Burrill  1920- 

*Frederick  Melville  Nichols  1920-1924  (June  30) 

Mrs.  Nathaniel  P.  Breed  1922- 

Ira  J.  Haskell  1922- 

Frank  W.  Mace  1923- 

Henry  Rogers  Mayo  1923- 

*Henry  A.  Sawyer  1925-1929  (Nov.  5) 

Kendall  A.  Sanderson  1927-1929  (Jan.  10) 

William  Gerry  Keene  1928- 

Louis  M.  Atherton  1929- 

Mrs.  Charles  B.  Clarke  1929- 

Alfred  E.  Chase  1930- 

*  Died  in  office. 
t  Resigned. 


BY-LAWS 


BY-LAWS 

ARTICLE   I 

MEMBERS 

Membership  shall  consist  of  the  present  members  of  the 
voluntary  association  known  as  the  Lynn  Historical  Society, 
of  the  signers  of  the  agreement  of  association,  and  such  persons 
as  shall  hereafter  be  elected  by  the  Council.  The  Council 
shall  have  authority  to  drop  members  from  the  rolls  for  non- 
payment of  dues  for  two  years. 

Any  member  or  person  duly  elected  to  membership  who 
shall  pay  to  the  Treasurer  the  sum  of  fifty  dollars  in  one  pay- 
ment, and  who  is  not  indebted  to  the  Society  for  dues  or  other- 
wise, may  become  a  life  member,  and  be  released  from  the 
payment  of  further  dues^. 

ARTICLE    II 

MEETINGS 

The  annual  meeting  shall  be  held  on  the  second  Thursday^ 
evening  in  January,  time  and  place  to  be  determined  by  the 
Council,  Twenty  members  shall  constitute  a  quorum  for  the 
transaction  of  business.  A  less  number  may  adjourn.  Special 
meetings  may  be  called  by  direction  of  the  Council  or  President, 
and  shall  be  called  upon  the  written  request  of  twenty  members. 

ARTICLE   III 

COUNCIL 

The  entire  executive  control  and  management  of  the  affairs, 
property,  and  finances  of  the  Society  shall  be  vested  in  a 
Council,  wliich  shall  consist  of  twenty-four  members.  The 
Council  shall  be  constituted  and  elected  as  follows  :     The  Presi- 

'Amended  at  regular  meetinfj  October  17,  1929. 

-Amended  at  annual  meeting  January  14,  1920,  by  changing  the  word  "Wednesday" 
to  "Thursday." 


10  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

dent,  Vice  Presidents,  Secretary,  and  Treasurer  shall  be  mem- 
bers thereof  ex  officiis.  At  the  annual  meeting  of  the  society 
for  the  year  1910  there  shall  be  elected  six  members  of  the 
Council  for  the  term  of  three  years,  six  for  the  term  of  two 
years,  and  six  for  the  term  of  one  year.  At  each  annual  meet- 
ing thereafter  there  shall  be  elected  six  members  to  serve  for  the 
term  of  three  years. 

The  Council  shall  appoint  all  committees  for  special  work, 
and  all  subordinate  officers  and  agents,  and  make  all  necessary 
rules  and  regulations  for  itself  and  them. 

At  its  first  meeting  held  after  the  adoption  of  this  By-Law, 
the  Council  shall  elect  three  Trustees  of  the  Society's  permanent 
and  other  invested  funds.  At  this  first  election  one  such  Trus- 
tee shall  be  elected  for  three  years,  one  for  two  years,  and  one 
for  one  year;  and  thereafter  a  Trustee  shall  be  elected  each 
year  for  the  term  of  three  years.  Every  Trustee  so  elected  shall 
serve  until  his  successor  has  been  elected  by  the  CounciP. 

ARTICLE   IV 

OFFICERS 

The  officers  shall  consist  of  President,  three  Vice  Presi- 
dents, Secretary,  and  Treasurer,  who  shall  be  elected  annually 
by  ballot,  and  shall  be  members  ex  officiis  oi  the  Council.  They 
shall  perform  the  usual  duties  of  such  officers,  and  such  other 
duties  as  the  Council  may  require.  In  case  of  the  occurrence 
of  any  vacancy  in  office,  or  in  the  Council,  from  any  cause 
whatsoever,  the  Council  shall  at  their  next  meeting  fill  the 
vacancy  for  the  unexpired  term  by  election  by  ballot. 

ARTICLE   V 

DUES    AND    PERMANENT    FUNDS 

The  admission  fee  for  annual  membership  shall  be  one 
dollar  and  the  annual  assessment  shall  be  two  dollars,  payable 
on  July  first  of  each  year.  All  amounts  received  from  life 
memberships  and  for  admission  fees,  together  with  all  amounts 
donated  or  devised  to  the  Society,  unless  otherwise  provided  in 
the  gift  or  devise,  shall  constitute  the  permanent    fund  of  the 

'Amended  at  regular  meeting  October  17,  1939. 


BY-LAWS  1 1 

Society.  The  income  of  this  permanent  fund  may  be  used  for 
the  current  activities  and  expenses  of  the  Society  ;  but  no  part 
of  the  principal  of  the  permanent  fund  shall  be  at  any  time 
expended  except  by  vote  of  two-thirds  of  all  the  members  of 
the  Council  confirmed  by  a  two-thirds  vote  of  the  Society  at  a 
meeting  duly  notified  and  called  for  that  purpose.  The  Trus- 
tees of  the  Society's  permanent  fund  shall  have  the  custody  of 
all  funds  of  the  Society  other  than  the  current  moneys  in  the 
hands  of  the  Treasurer,  whether  acquired  by  the  Society  by  gift 
or  devise  or  otherwise  established,  and  shall  keep  the  same 
properly  invested,  disposing  of  the  income  of  such  funds  in  con- 
formity with  the  terms  and  provisions  of  the  same,  respectively, 
and  in  a  manner  approved  by  the  CounciP. 

ARTICLE    VI 

AMENDMENTS 

These  By-Laws  may  be  amended  at  any  meeting    regularly 
called,  by  a  vote  of  two-thirds  of  the  members  present. 

I.    Amended  at  a  regular  meeting-  October  17,  19^9. 


12 


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l6  LYNN   HISTORICAL   SOCIETY 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY 

January  17,  1924 


To  the  Lynn  Historical  Society : — 

With  this  annual  meeting,  the  Lynn  Historical  Society 
closes  twenty-eight  years  of  work  and  service  in  the  community. 
My  report  will  outline  the  activities  from  January  ii,  1923  to 
January  17,  1924. 

The  first  meeting  to  be  recorded  was  held  on  February  15, 
1923,  when  the  members  were  reception  guests  of  President  and 
Mrs.  Benjamin  N.  Johnson.  The  Society  house  was  beauti- 
fully decorated  with  roses,  flowering  plants  and  palms.  There 
were  two  hundred  guests  present,  and  during  the  evening  the 
Sterling  Trio, — Beatrice  E.  Coates,  piano,  Mrs,  Evelyn  P. 
Fulton,  violin,  Eleanor  Mclntire,  'cello, — furnished  music. 
Informality  and  good  cheer  were  the  pleasing  order  of  the 
evening,  dancing  was  enjoyed  and  refreshments  served.  Assist- 
ing the  President  and  Mrs.  Johnson  in  extending  hospitality, 
vsrere, — M.  Elizabeth  Newhall,  Mary  A.  Townsend,  Mrs. 
Eugene  B.  Sprague,  Mrs.  Nathaniel  P.  Breed,  Mrs.  Gustavus 
Attwill,  Mrs.  Ira  J.  Haskell,  Mrs.  Henry  P.  Emerson,  Ellen 
Mudge  BurrilL  The  ushers  were, — Harrison  P.  Burrill,  Wil- 
liam E.  Downing,  Ira  J.  Haskell,  William  Gerry  Keene,  Henry 
R.  Mayo,  Gustavus  Attwill.  The  servers  were, — Mrs.  Gusta- 
vus Attwill,  Bethany  S.  Brown,  Mrs.  Frederic  W.  Perkins, 
Mrs.  Charles  H.  Barry,  Mrs.  William  E.  Downing,  S.  Ellen 
Breed,  Marion  Johnson,  Alice  P.  Woodbury,  Mrs.  Edith  D. 
Boardman,  Marion  S.  Lewis. 

The  March  meeting  was  unavoidably  cancelled,  but  on 
April  26,  a  paper  entitled  "When  the  Puritans  Came,"  was 
reail  by  Dr.  Charles  H.  Bangs,  Vice-President  General  of  the 
Sons  of  the  American  Revolution,  and  one  of  our  members. 
He  spoke  of  the  conditions  that  existed  at  the  time  of  the  settle- 
ment of  the  Massachusetts  Bay  Colony  ;  mentioned  the  differ- 
ence in  the  organization  of  the  governments  of  the  Pilgrim  and 
Puritan  colonics,  stating  how  the  Pilgrims,  having  sailed  farther 


REPORT    OF    SECRETARY  I 7 

north  than  intended,  had  gone  outside  the  bounds  of  their 
patent,  thereby  having  no  charter  rights,  and  being  under  no 
restrictions  of  law,  had  exercised  their  power  to  preserve  law 
and  order  and  there  created  a  government ;  while  the  Puritans, 
in  contrast,  had  worked  out  a  plan  in  advance  and  came  to 
Massachusetts  Bay,  fully  prepared  for  free  government,  as  pro- 
vided by  their  charter.  Short  sketches  were  given  of  Lynn's 
early  settlers,  Edmund  and  Francis  Ingalls,  John  Wood,  Wil- 
liam Wood  and  William  Dixey,  together  with  those  who  had 
come  during  the  great  wave  of  Puritan  migration  in  1630.  He 
called  attention  to  the  fact  that  Lynn  became  the  parent  of  a 
number  of  other  settlements, — Sandwich,  Barnstable,  Yarmouth, 
Hempstead,  Oyster  Bay,  Flushing,  etc.  Qiiaint  and  attractive 
descriptions  of  the  Indians  were  quoted  from  William  Wood's 
"New  England's  Prospect"  and  Josselyn's  "New  England 
Rarities."  Another  subject  touched  upon  was  the  petition  of 
the  inhabitants  of  Lynn  to  the  General  Court  for  a  grant  of  land 
"for  a  place  for  an  inland  plantation."  Four  square  miles 
were  granted  on  condition  that  within  two  years  they  should 
make  progress  in  planning  "so  as  it  may  be  a  village  fit  to  con- 
tain a  convenient  number  of  inhabitants,  who  may  in  dewe  time 
have  a  Church  there."  This  tract  was  purchased  from  the 
Indians,  the  deed  being  signed  by  Sagamore  George,  his  sister 
Abigail,  and  others,  in  1640.  It  was  known  as  Lynn  Village 
and  comprised  Reading,  South  Reading  and  Wakefield ;  in 
1653,  it  became  the  town  of  Reading.  The  paper  was  full  of 
interest,  and  was  followed  by  a  general  discussion. 

On  April  25,  1923,  the  Society  acquired  a  very  valuable 
collection  of  historical  material  relating  to  Lynn, —  letters, 
documents,  sermons,  books  and  newspapers,  collected  by 
Dr.  John  J.  Mangan,  during  a  period  of  twenty-five  years,  and 
by  vote  of  the  Council,  the  Treasurer  was  authorized  to  apply  a 
portion  of  the  bequest  of  the  late  Custodian,  William  S.  Burrill, 
to  this  purpose.  A  four  page  leaflet,  prepared  by  John  Albree, 
descriptive  of  this  collection,  was  sent  to  the  members  July  i, 
1923. 

On  May  14,  1923,  the  committee  on  the  Shoemakers'  Shop 
was  authorized  by  the  Council  to  set  the  shop  up  and  equip  it, 
and  to  provide  a  tablet.  This  work  was  completed  in  the  summer. 

3 


l8  I.YNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

The  tablet  is  bronze,  with  plain  border,   raised  letters,   and  is 
lo"  high  X  13^'  wide.     It  is  inscribed  as  follows  : — 

THIS   SHOEMAKERS'   SHOP 

BUILT   IN   THE 

EIGHTEENTH    CENTURY 

WAS   USED   AND    OWNED   BY 

HON.  HIRAM   NICHOLS   BREED 

NINTH   MAYOR   OF   LYNN 

The  Gift  of  Charles  E.  Whitten. 


On  the  Saturday  afternoons  in  July  and  August,  1923,  the 
Society  house  was  open  to  the  public.  A  committee  of  ladies 
was  in  charge  each  afternoon,  and  two  hundred  and  lifty  guests 
were  received.  Among  the  special  exhibits  shown  were : — 
early  kitchen  utensils,  candlesticks  and  lamps,  china  and  pottery, 
samplers,  the  oldtime  shoemakers'  shop  and  samples  of  shoes 
made  in  the  early  days  of  the  industry  in  Lynn  ;  documents  and 
articles  of  Lynn  fire  companies.  The  Lynn  Item  very  kindly 
published  a  detailed  story  of  each  of  these  exhibits. 

On  Oct,  II,  1923,  Mr.  John  H.  Edmonds,  State  Archivist, 
presented  a  paper  on  "Captain  William  Kidd,  Pirate  or 
Gentleman"  finely  contrasting  the  story  of  Captain  Kidd,  the 
privateer,  with  the  later  real  pirates.  The  lecture  was 
illustrated  by  sixty  stereopticon  slides. 

Mr.  Edmonds  sketched  the  life  of  Richard  Coote,  Earl  of 
Bellomont,  governor  of  the  Province  of  Massachusetts  Bay,  New 
York  and  New  Hampshire,  whose  special  mission  was  to  sup- 
press piracy  and  unlawful  trading  in  the  waters  of  the  Red  Sea 
and  the  East  Indies,  which  struck  at  the  bulwark  of  England, 
the  East  India  Company.  He  entered  into  an  agreement  with 
Robert  Livingstone  and  Captain  Kidd,  of  New  York,  on  Oct.  10, 
169s,  to  rid  those  seas  of  such  persons  as  "did  sometime  since 
depart  from  New  England,  Rhode  Island,  New  York  and  other 
parts  in  America  and  elsewhere  with  an  intention  to  become 
pirates." 

The  ship  "Adventure  Galley"  of  287  tons,  was  purchased, 
refitted  and  launched  from  Castle's  Yard,  at  Deptford,  Dec.  4, 


REPORT    OF    SECRETARY  I9 

1695,  with  Captain  Kidd  as  commander.  The  adventures  of 
the  Captain  were  carefully  followed,  and  the  historical  value  of 
the  paper  was  deeply  appreciated.  The  complete  paper  is  in 
the  files  of  the  Society. 

On  Nov.  15,  1923.  Mr.  Charles  E.  Wilson  was  the  speaker, 
having  chosen  for  his  subject : — 

"Four  Thousand  Miles  of  Motoring  in  the  Far  West" 

His  lecture  was  augmented  by  a  rare  collection  of  lantern 
slides,  picturing  the  country  over  which  he  travelled,  in  the 
spring  of  1923,  with  Mr.  Albert  F.  Potter,  formerly  Associate 
Forester  of  the  United  States.  The  trip  began  at  Los  Angeles. 
They  crossed  California  into  Arizona,  traversed  the  Painted 
Desert  to  Utah,  then  on  to  Nevada  and  the  Lake  Tahoe 
district,  through  Yosemite  Valley  and  returned  to  Los  Angeles. 

The  western  portion  of  Utah  was  described  as  belonging  to 
the  Great  Basin,  with  its  mountain  ranges  running  north  and 
south,  separated  by  desert  basins,  the  plateaus  consisting  of 
great  blocks  of  the  earth's  crust  which  have  been  lifted  to 
different  heights;  many  of  these  blocks  cofisist  of  horizontal 
layers  of  sandstone  and  limestone. 

In  the  southern  part  of  the  State,  there  are  enormous 
terraces  of  sandstone,  named  according  to  the  color  of  the  rock. 
The  Pink  Cliffs  are  the  highest ;  then  follow  the  White  Cliffs 
and  the  Vermillion  Cliffs.  The  petrified  forests  were  also 
described. 

They  visited  New  Mexico,  worked  along  to  Echo  Cliff,  to 
Zion's  Canyon,  with  its  white  limestone  cliffs  and  red  sand- 
stone ;  then  to  Bryce's  Canyon  in  Utah,  where  the  rim  is  of 
white  sand,  with  red  sandstone  pinnacles  breaking  through,  and 
finally  to  Reece  River  Valley,  Much  valuable  material  was 
presented,  and  among  the  stereopticon  slides  shown  were  those  of 
Lake  Tahoe,  Emerald  Bay,  Yosemite  Valley,  Bridal  Veil  Falls, 
El  Capitan,  the  sand  dunes  in  Death  Valley,  and  homes  of  the 
Cliff  Dwellers. 

On  Dec.  20,  1923,  in  the  spirit  of  the  Christmas  season. 
Miss  Louise  M.  Taylor,  Librarian  of  the  Essex  Institute,  Salem, 
presented  her  paper  on, — 


20  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 


Early  New  England  Christmas  Customs 

"Many  years  passed  after  the  settlement  of  New  England  before  our 
ancestors  took  any  pleasure  whatever  in  the  observance  of  Christmas  Day. 
The  earliest  attitude  of  the  colonists  toward  the  day  has  been  preserved 
for  us,  fortunately,  in  Governor  Bradford's  History  of  Plimoth  Plantation 

There  were  few  days  set  apart  for  pleasure,  sober  gatherings 

to  discuss  church  or  state  being  almost  their  sole  relaxation  from  the 
fatiguing  task  of  wresting  a  living  from  the  Avilderness.  The  Thursday 
and  Sunday  meetings  were  the  most  exciting  events  of  the  w-eek,  but 
although  sermon  and  prayer  were  long,  and  the  building  so  cold  that 
often  the  sacramental  bread  was  frozen  hard,  the  'nooning  period'  offered 
opportunity  for  social  intercourse  in  the  taverns,  or,  where  there  was  no 
such  accomodation,  in  the  'fire-room'  built  instead.  In  1651,  John  Vyall, 
of  Boston,  was  granted  liberty  to  keep  a  house  of  common  entertainment, 
provided  he  kept  it  near  the  new  meeting  house.  Even  in  the  children 
was  this  same  seriousness  of  spirit  developed,  and  they  were  not  allowed 
to  forget  at  school,  church  or  home  that  to  be  an  earnest  and  aggressive 
Christian  was  their  chief  duty  in  life.  The  New  England  Primer,  with 
its  jingle  for  each  letter  of  the  alphabet  taught  a  moral  lesson  with  every 
letter,  and  the  juvenile  literature,  even  as  late  as  1800,  though  it  provokes 
mirth  in  our  minds  now,  could  hardly  have  called  forth  more  than  a 
sedate  smile  from  its  young  readers. 

One  of  the  few  English  holidays  that  we  know  was  kept,  was  St. 
Valentine's  Day,  even  as  august  a  personage  as  Governor  Winthrop  allud- 
ing to  it,  in  a  letter  to  his  wife,  and  we  find  frequent  references  in  diaries, 
to  the  festivities  of  November  5,  or  Pow^der  Plot  Day,  regularly  observed 
with  bonfires  and  processions. 

It  is  hard  to  realize  now,  with  the  increasing  vogue  of  Christmas 
decorations  and  community  festivities,  that  these  things,  standing  to  us 
as  symbols  of  all  that  is  beautiful  and  holy,  could  have  been  so  repellant 
to  our  forefathers,  but  when  we  inquire  into  it,  we  soon  learn  that  it  was 
not  merely  that  the  Pilgrim  Fathers  were  averse  to  enjoyment  of  every 
kind.  The  cause  can  only  be  made  clear  by  a  survey  of  the  evils  of  the 
holiday  as  it  had  been  observed  in  England.  Everywhere,  high  carnival 
was  the  rule  of  the  day,  noisy  crowds  filled  the  streets,  listening  at  inter- 
vals to  the  wandering  minstrel,  or  watching  the  entertainment  of  the 
itinerant  showman.  All  sorts  of  iniquities  had  liberty  conferred  upon 
them,  by  the  law,  for  the  duration  of  the  Christmas  season;  at  the 
taverns,  the  Yule-log  was  borne  in  by  boisterous  revellers,  and  the  night 
spent  in  dancing,  drinking  and  gambling,  interrupted  only  by  strolling 
bands  of  singers  with  their  vulgar  ballads. 

Even  the  Church  itself  was  not  sacred  to  the  Lord  of  Misrule  and  his 
followers,  for,  as  a  chronicler  of  the  time  says, —  'then  march  this 
heathen  company  towards  the  church  and  churchyard,  their  pipers  pip- 
ing, drummers  thundering,  their  bells  jingling,  their  hobby  horses  and 
other  monsters  skirmishing  amongst  the  crowd  and  in  this  sort  they  go 


REPORT    OF    SECRETARY  2 1 

into    the    church, —  though    the  ministers  bee  at  prayer  or  preaching, — 

dancing  and  swinging  their  handkerchiefs  over  their  heads with 

such  a  confused  noise  that  no  man  can  hear  his  own  voice.'  This,  then, 
is  what  Christmas  stood  for  when  the  Pilgrims  left  England.  Although 
the  authorities  of  the  Church  of  England  had  tried  to  reform  such  riotous 
keeping  of  the  holy  season,  their  efforts  were  in  vain,  so  it  is  not  surpris- 
ing that  the  colonists,  after  crossing  the  ocean,  should  break  away  entirely 
from  the  custom  of  observing  Christmas,  even  as  a  holy  day,  and  sub- 
stitute for  it,  as  occasion  arose,  the  fast  and  thanksgiving  days  so  closely 
connected  in  our  minds  with  the  settlement  of  Plymouth." 

Church  and  State  were  so  closely  connected  here,  that,  "in  1659,  the 
General  Court  of  Massachusetts  forbade,  under  penalty  of  five  shillings 
for  each  offense,  the  observance  of  'any  such  day  as  Christmas  or  the 
like,  either  by  forbearing  of  labor,  feasting  or  any  other  way.'  Toward 
the  end  of  the  century,  however,  as  membership  in  the  Church  of  Erg- 
land  had  increased,  it  became  so  difficult  to  enforce  this  law  that,  in  1681, 
it  was  repealed,  and  from  that  time  on,  Christmas  began  to  reassert  itself 

From  the  diary  of  Samuel  Sewall  we  glean  a  good  deal  of 

our  information  about  the  day,  for  he  was  one  who  struck  these  church 
holidays  from  the  calendar,  refusing  even   to  adjourn  court   because  of 

Christmas The   first  Christmas    sermon    preached    by    a 

Puritan  minister  was  probably  that  of  Cotton  Mather  in  1712,  in  which, 
however,  he  took  occasion  to   condemn  riotous   proceedings  on  the  day 

Rev.      Manasseh    Cutler    speaks    of    a   gay  and    brilliant 

assembly  at  King's  Chapel  in  1765,  with  anthems  performed  extremely 
well,  and  in  1773  he  himself  preached  a  Christmas  sermon. 

Improvement  in  every-day  living  had  come  but  slowly,  and  it  is  hard 
to  comprehend  now  the  ideas  of  pleasure  that  prevailed  in  the  early  days 
of  the  colonies.  Amusements  were  of  the  most  primitive  character,  and 
it  was  only  with  great  difficulty  that  the  daughter  of  the  Puritans  gained 
permission  to  enjoy  or  study  music,  though  we  do  find  a  record  of  Judge 
Sewall  taking  his  wife's  virginals  to  be  repaired.  Not  until  after  a  long, 
bitter  struggle,  was  it  conceded  that  organ  music  was  not  sacrilegious, 
and  after  Thomas  Brattle  had  imported  the  first  of  these  instruments  into 
Boston  in  1713,  Cotton  Mather  said, —  'If  we  admit  instrumental  music 
in  the  worship  of  God,  how  can  we  resist  the  imposition  of  all  the 
instruments  used  among  the  ancient  Jews?  'Yea,  dancing  as  well  as 
playing.'  And  the  story  is  told  that  when  the  "cello  was  played  for  the  first 
time  in  a  Providence  church,  one  gay  young  matron  swung  open  the 
door  of  her  pew,  caught  up  her  petticoat  and  tripped  down  the  aisle,  sing- 
ing as  she  went, — 'If  you  are  a-going  to  fiddle,  I  am  a-going  to  dance.' 
The  question  of  music  as  an  aid  to  devotion  was  even  agitated  in  Harvard 
Commencement  theses,  both  in  1730  and  1762,  but  while  in  the  first 
instance  it  was  answered  by  a  decided  negative,  the  later  answer  was  an 
entiiusiastic  affirmative.  This  early  music  was  not  held  in  favor  by  all, 
however,  for  we  read  of  verses  purporting  to  have  been  written  in  a  Salem 
Church  pew,  one  of  which  is, — ^'Could  poor  King  David  but  for  once  to 


22  I.YNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

Salem  church  repair,  and  hear  his  psalms  tiius  warbled  out,  Good  Lord, 
how  he  would  swear".  Miss  Taylor  stated  that  these  stories  only  serve  to 
illustrate  how  difficult  it  was  for  the  descendants  of  the  Puritans  to  adapt 
themselves  to  a  more  gentle  and  refined  mode  of  living;  the  privations 
and  self-denials  of  those  early  days  had  given  to  their  dispositions  an 
austerity  which  yielded  only  after  several  generations,  to  a  slowly 
growing  love  of  comfort  and  beauty. 

This  paper  was  followed  by  brief  sketches  on  "Life  in  Old 
Lynn,"  as  revealed  through  documents  owned  by  the  Society. 
Mrs.  Howard  K.  Sanderson  read  from  Alonzo  Lewis's  poems, 
also  a  description  of  himself  by  himself,  published  in  "Freedom's 
Amulet",  a  local  paper  edited  by  Mr.  Lewis.  Mr.  John  Albree 
exhibited  the  Zaccheus  Collins  door  latch  dated  1726,  with  the 
Hood  initials,  not  only  as  an  excellent  piece  of  workmanship, 
but  as  an  expression  of  personality ;  a  photograph  of  an  old  rail- 
road conductor ;  railroad  tickets  of  seventy  years  ago  ;  several 
orders  for  rum,  on  the  store  of  a  certain  distinguished  Lynner ;  a 
number  of  election  ballots,  among  them  one  used  at  Abraham 
Lincoln's  election  ;  the  buckles  and  one  of  the  stockings,  worn 
by  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Miles  Shorey  at  the  time  they  were  killed  by 
lightning,  July  10,  1803,  together  with  a  copy  of  the  sermon 
preached  at  their  funeral,  wherein  the  minister  took  occasion  to 
speak  of  the  laws  governing  thunder  and  lightning,  as  known 
and  understood  in  the  town  of  Lynn.  The  Secretary,  Miss 
Burrill,  read  two  letters  of  the  Revolutionary  period, — one  from 
Anna  Purinton,  to  James  Furinton,  her  father,  in  Lynn,  dated 
Boston,  April  27,  1775.  She  appears  to  have  been  visiting  in 
Boston  and  was  detained  on  account  of  the  War.  The  letter  is 
very  interesting,  especially  wherein  she  wished  to  reliev^e  the 
anxiety  of  her  parents  as  to  her  safety,  and  described  the  diffi- 
culty of  travelling  from  Boston  to  Lynn  because  of  the  presence 
of  the  British,  and  among  the  special  items  is  one  concerning 
the  shortage  of  food  in  Boston.  Anna  Purinton  was  born  in 
Lynn  in  1755.  The  second  letter  was  written  by  Peace  Purinton, 
of  Berwick,  Maine,  to  her  brother  James  Purinton,  in  Lynn. 
This  is  dated  February  5,  1776,  and  is  of  a  personal  family 
nature.  From  the  genealogies,  it  appears  that  they  were  niece 
and  aunt.  In  connection  with  the  observance  of  Christmas,  a 
letter  dated  1625,  March  3,  from  D.  Levitt,  Ashby,  England,  to 
John  Cotton,  was  read,  in  which  he  expressed  grave  anxiety  as 


A    BRASS    DOOR    KNOCKER. 

Taken  jrom  a  burning  house  in 
Charlestown,  after  the  Battle  of 
Bunker  Hill,  by  Lieut.  Frederick 
Breed  and  placed  on  the  Breed  home- 
stead, corner  oj  Boston  and  Cedar 
Streets.  A  gift  from  his  great  grand- 
son, Albert  H.  Breed,  and  is  now  on 
the  front  door  of  the  Lynn  Historical 
Society. 


A  FORGED  IRON  DOOR  LATCH. 

From  the  old  Hood  house, — the  earliest 
known  piece  of  Lynn  artistry. — made 
by  Zaccheus  Collins.  It  bears  the 
initials  "H  -  R  T"  {Richard  and 
Theodate  Hood),  and  the  date  "1726." 
A  gift  from  Martin  H.  Hood. 


REPORT    OF    SECRETARY  23 

to  the  dancing  and  feasting  on  certain  holidays.  (This  letter  is 
in  the  State  Archives).  Christmas  carols  were  sung  by  the 
audience,  led  by  a  chorus  under  the  direction  of  Mrs.  Gustavus 
Attwill. 

The  thanks  of  the  Society  are  extended  to  the  members  and 
friends,  who  have  added  many  gifts  to  our  collection.  The 
Nominating  Committee,  James  R.  Viets,  chairman,  Eugene  B. 
Sprague  and  S.  Ellen  Breed,  presented  a  list  of  nominations  for 
officers  for  the  year  1934,  and  they  were  unanimously  elected. 

Following  the  business,  of  the  annual  meeting,  George  S. 
Bliss,  chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Photography,  spoke  of  the 
large  collection  in  his  charge,  and  then  exhibited  stereopticon 
slides  of  Lynn  and  Saugus  houses,  also  pictures  of  Lynn  business 
men.  These  slides  are  made  from  photographs  in  possession  of 
the  Society. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

ELLEN   MUDGE    BURRILL, 

Secretary. 


24  I.YNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

REPORT  OF  THH   COMMITTEE   ON    NECROLOGY 

For  the  year  1923 


To  the  Lynn  Historical  Society: — 

The   Committee    on    Necrology    reports    the    death    of    17 
members  of  the  Society  during  the  year  just  closed. 

Joined  Died 

George  Harrison  Allen  Nov.  15,  1909  Feb.  4,  1923 
Lucinda  Maria  (Mudge)  Luninius 

(Mrs.  William  Wirt)  Apr.  26,  1900  Feb.  4,  1923 

Thomas  Clarkson  Johnson  Nov.  17,  1913  Feb.  12,  1923 

William  Henry  Keene  Dec.  17,  1906  Mar.  12,  1923 
Henrietta  Thayer  Rundlett 

(Mrs.  Howard  E.)  Jan.  13,  1921  Mar.  29,  1923 

Elizabeth  Lincoln  (Stoddard) 

Greeley,  (Mrs.  George  Hiram)  May  19,  1913  April  23,  1923 

William  Mitchell  Barney  Apr.  27,  1897  May  23,  1923 
Maria  Isabelle  (Goodell)  Stacy 

(Mrs.  Charles  Warren)  June  16,  1913  May  26,  1923 

Alice  Maria  Breed,  (Mrs.  Joseph)  May  15,  1905  Sept.  12,  1923 

Alfred  Estes  Newliall  Jan.  19,  1914  Oct.  8,  1923 

Charles  Irving  Barrows  Dec.  20,  1915  Oct.  16,  1923 

Hon.  George  Henry  Newhall  Mar.  27,  1900  Nov.  4,  1923 

Hon.  Samuel  Walker  McCall  Sept.  10,  1913  Nov.  4,  1923 

Judge  Rollin  E.  Harmon  Apr.  27,  1897  Nov.  10,  1923 

Mary  Elizabeth  Newhall  Jan.  11,  1899  Dec.  21,  1923 

FMward  Preston  Usher  Apr.  27,  1897  Dec.  26,  1923 

Hannah  Viles  (Newhall)  Apr.  27,  1897 "»  ^       ^ 

Putnam  (Mrs.  Eugene  A.)       (Life)    May  19,  1913/  •    9'    9  3 

For  the  Committee, 

SUSAN   L.  JOHNSON, 

Chairman, 
By  Mrs.  Howard  K.  Sanderson. 

Nora.     Memoirs  of  the  nhove  members  .■ire  in  Rej^ister  Number  2(,  Part  i. 


COMMITTEE    ON    HOSPITALITY  25 


REPORT  OF  THE  COMMITTEE  ON  HOSPITALITY 

For  the  year  1923 


To  the  Lynn  Historical  Society: 

A  series  of  musicales  was  held  during  February  and  March, 
1923,  on  Sunday  afternoons  : 

Feb.  4.  Musicians  :—Mostyn  String  Trio,— Ralph  H.  Nutter,  'cello; 
Arthur  S.  Roe,  violin;  Edward  R.  Howe,  piano,  assisted  by 
Helen  M.  Pomeroy,  soprano,  accompanied  by  Mrs.  Clark 
Pomeroy.     Hostess,  Miss  Hacker. 

Feb.  u.  Musicians  :— Mrs.  Harriet  Russell  Hart,  contralto;  A.  Herbert 
Veiner,  piano;  Herbert  J.  A.  Irvine,  piano;  Marian  Howard, 
violin.  Accompanists,  Miss  Hart  and  Mr.  Irvine.  Hostess, 
Mary  A.  Townsend. 

Feb.  18.  Musicians  :— Stanley  McLean,  violin  ;  Mrs.  Theodore  Hodges, 
soprano;  Allan  Kidder,  horn;  Herbert  J.  A.  Irvine,  piano. 
Accompanists,  Mrs.  Nathaniel  P.  Breed  and  Mr.  Irvine.  Host- 
ess, Mrs.  Breed,  assisted  by  Dorothea  Breed,  Ruth  Harney, 
Lois  McConnell  and  Lucille  Phelan. 

Feb.  25.  Musicians: — Louise  Allen,  piano;  Mrs.  Seraphina  Russell, 
contralto;  Raymond  O'Brien,  violin;  Harold  Foss,  saxophone. 
Accompanists,  Ethel  O'Brien  and  Mrs.  Gustavus  Attwill. 
Hostess,  Mrs.  Attwill,  assisted  by  Orissa  M.  Attwill,  Vivian 
Allen,  Lillian  Allen,  Mrs.  Carolus  M.  Cobb,  Mrs.  Eugene  B. 
Sprague  and  Mrs.  Wilfred  E.  Watson. 

Mar.  4.  Musicians: — Marian  Johnson,  violin;  Winnifred  Haggerty, 
piano;  Benjamin  W.  Johnson,  baritone.  Accompanists,  Miss 
Randall  and  Mr.  Irvine.  Hostess,  Mrs.  Benjamin  N.  Johnson, 
assisted  by  Miss  Johnson. 

Mar.  II.  Musicians: — Mrs.  Edith  Weye  Wilson,  contralto,  and  the 
Damascus  Male  Qjiartette, — Henry  Jackson,  first  tenor;  Harri- 
son P.  Burrill,  second  tenor;  George  S.  Dane,  baritone; 
Willis  Goode,  bass.  Accompanists,  J.  Angus  Winter  and  Mr. 
Dane.  Hostess,  Mrs.  James  S.  Newhall,  assisted  by  Mrs. 
George  R.  Walworth,  Florence  B.  Tarbox,  Annie  M.  R.  Ames, 
S.  Ellen  Breed,  Mrs.  William  Gerry  Keene,  Sally  Parsons,  Avis 
E.  Newhall  and  Frances  Newhall. 


26  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

Mar.  i8.  Musicians  :— The  Edith  Robinson  Trio,— Ruth  Abbott,  vioHn  ; 
Velma  yenkins,  "cello;  Edith  Robinson,  piano.  The  Adelphi 
Trio, — Minnie  L.  Drogue,  Ethel  Brown,  sopranos;  Vera  San- 
ford,  alto.  M.  Louise  Newhall,  'cello.  Fannie  Falkoft  and 
G.  Frank  Martin,  piano.  Assisting  accompanists,  Eunice 
Dunn  and  C  Francis  Woods.  Hostess,  Mrs.  Ira  J.  Haskell, 
assisted  hy  Dorothy  Knight,  Betty  Stiles,  Marjorie  Ward, 
Helen  Snow  and  Maude  Brockner. 

Mar.  25.  Musicians  : — M.  Arline  Reed,  Evelyn  George  and  Madeline 
Callahan,  sopranos.  Harold  Clarke,  boy  soprano.  Thomas 
Loughlin,  and  John  Loughlin,  baritones.  Stanley  R.  McLean, 
violin.  Athena  Ladies  Quartette  : — Margaret  A.  Cameron  and 
Helen  Taylor,  sopranos ;  Maiian  Fullerton  and  Annie  Btrry, 
altos.  Hostess,  Mrs.  C.  Francis  Woods,  assisted  by  Mrs. 
Charles  E.  Haywood. 

A  committee  of  ladies  was  also  in  attendance  on  the  Satur- 
day afternoons  in  July  and  August,  when  two  hundred  and  fifty 
visitors  were  received. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

Sallik  H.  Hacker, 

Chairman. 


REPORT    OF    SECRETARY  27 

REPORT  OF   THE  SECRETARY 

January  8,  ig2S 


To  the  Lynn  Historical  Society: — 

The  Lynn  Historical  Society  closes  its  twenty-ninth  year 
this  evening,  and  the  Secretary's  report  will  cover  from  Jan.  17, 
1924  to  Jan.  8,  1925.  Our  work  has  been  to  place  in  permanent 
form  many  things  that  should  be  preserved  in  our  local  history, 
and,  to  quote  the  words  of  our  former  Recording  Secretary,  Mr. 
Howard  Mudge  Newhall, — "the  year  has  recorded  its  work, 
has  passed  into  history,  and  we  come  together  to  tell  what  has 
taken  place  and  what  has  been  done".  I  can  say  as  he  said, 
seventeen  years  ago  tonight,  that  it  is  a  great  point  in  the 
strength  of  our  Society,  that  its  early  members,  with  all  its  new 
members,  have  retained  their  interest  in  it,  and  are  as  faithful 
to  it  as  in  the  beginning. 

During  the  past  twelve  months,  we  have  lost  one  member 
by  withdrawal,  and  sixteen  by  death.  The  names  of  the  latter 
will  be  presented  by  the  chairman  of  the  Necrology  Committee  : 
as  you  hear  their  names  read,  you  will  realize  that  all  were 
well  known  for  their  good  work  in  the  community,  and  one  was 
a  man  not  only  of  National  but  of  International  reputation. 
The  membership  of  the  Society  today  is  517, — 3  Honorary,  61 
life,  and  453  yearly  members. 

Our  property  is  free  and  clear,  and  as  President  Johnson 
said  at  our  last  Council  meeting,  it  would  be  a  fine  thing  if  now 
we  could  secure  more  life  members,  the  money  procured  by  this 
method,  to  be  set  apart  as  a  special  fund,  and  the  income  only 
used.  As  time  goes  on,  such  income  added  to  our  current 
revenue,  would  make  more  money  available  for  our  regular 
work,  and  best  of  all  would  be  building  up  a  fund  for  the 
future;  it  would  materially  help  in  the  future  maintenance  of 
the  Society. 

The  first  meeting  of  the  year  was  held  on  February  21,  1924, 
when    Raymond   T.    Parke,    Esq.,    spoke   on    "Washington, 


28  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

THE  Max".  Rather  than  conline  himself  to  the  well  known 
political  and  constitutional  facts  that  are  found  in  the  standard 
histories,  Mr.  Parke  chose  to  speak  of  Washington's  personal 
appearance,  his  friendships,  his  outdoor  life,  his  home  life, 
summing  it  all  up  in  the  sentence  that  he  believed  "Washing- 
ton's development  was  entirely  logical  from  his  early  life  to  the 
time  of  his  death".  This  was  a  very  fine  contribution  to  the 
papers  of  our  Society.      (See  pages  45-51). 

On  April  3,  1924,  Mr.  Alfred  W.  Ingalls,  Representative 
from  the  Fourteenth  Essex  District,  and  one  of  our  members, 
presented  a  paper  entitled, — "The  Origin  of  the  Colonial 
Legislature,  and  the  Conditions  Under  Which  it  Met, — 
Odd  and  Amusing  Happenings  and  Characters." 

An  outline  of  the  organization  of  the  Colonial  government 
was  given,  from  the  coming  of  John  Endecott  in  1629,  and  John 
Winthrop  in  1630.  Incidents  were  mentioned  concerning  the 
group  that  Winthrop  found  in  Salem,  and  the  conditions  which 
led  him  to  establish  the  seat  of  government  in  Boston.  Many 
of  the  early  laws  were  quoted,  and  a  pleasing  description  given 
not  only  of  the  mode  of  living  at  that  period,  but  of  many  men, 
prominent  in  public  and  private  life. 

"The  first  General  Court  of  the  Massachusetts  Bay  Colony 
met  on  October  19,  1630,  and  a  law  of  1631  (May  18)  required 
that  a  man  must  be  a  member  of  the  Church  to  be  admitted  to 
the  freedom  of  the  body  politic ;  he  must  be  a  member  of  one  of 
the  Churches  within  the  limits  of  the  Colony. 

In  the  beginning,  when  the  General  Court  met  only  four 
times  a  year,  and  the  Governor  and  Court  of  Assistants  every 
month,  it  was  the  latter  body,  through  its  frequent  meetings, 
that  was  really  the  judge,  jury  and  prosecuting  attorne}^  In 
1634,  the  House  of  Representatives  was  established,  meeting  on 
May  14,  with  twenty-four  delegates.  The  first  three  Repre- 
sentatives from  Lynn  were  Nathaniel  Turner,  Thomas  Willis 
and  Etlward  Tomlins. 

Laws  were  passed  regulating  the  toll  that  could  be  charged 
fur  the  grinding  of  corn  at  the  windmill, — -  'Ordered,  that  noe 
miller  shall  take  above  the  sixteenth  part  of  the  corne  hee 
grindes,  &  that  everv  miliar  shall  have  alwaies  ready  in  his  mill, 
waight.s  &  scales  provided  att  his  own  charge'.  (1635-6, 
Mar.  3). 


REPORT    OF    SECRETARY  29 

There  was  the  case  in  1639  of  John  Stone,  a  baker  in 
Hanover  Street,  Boston.  The  size  of  the  loaf  of  bread  that  he 
made  did  not  satisfy  the  Legislature,  and  on  Nov.  5,  he  and  his 
wife  were  ordered  to  make  "biger"  loaves.  They  were  admon- 
ished to  make  'biger'  bread  and  'to  take  heede  of  offending 
by  making  too  little  bread  hereafter'. 

Many  personal  prohibitory  laws,  were  passed.  Their 
enforcement,  however,  met  with  such  poor  success,  that  in  1644 
several  of  them  were  repealed. 

Fourteen  days'  notice  was  required  before  a  marriage  could 
be  solemnized  (1639,  Sept.  9).  A  certain  young  couple  who 
had  not  given  proper  notice  in  Boston,  were  married  by  Captain 
Thomas  Marshall,  Justice  of  the  Peace  and  keeper  of  the  Blue 
Anchor  Tavern  in  Saugus.  'Being  informed  that  he  had 
married  persons  not  legally  published,  and  that  he  had  exceeded 
the  commission  by  marrying  persons  not  living  in  the  town', 
the  Court  'discharged  the  said  Captain  Marshall  from  officiat- 
ing in  that  imployment',  and  ultimately  Marshall  lost  his 
license. 

Education  was  not  neglected  for  we  find  that  in  1647,  a  law 
was  passed  by  the  General  Court  whereby  every  town  of  fifty  or 
more  families  must  provide  one  to  teach  the  children  reading 
and  writing;  and  in  a  town  of  one  hundred  families  or  more,  a 
grammar  school  must  be  maintained.  If  a  town  did  not  comply 
with  the  law,  it  was  subject  to  a  fine  of  £5  a  year  until  the 
school  was  built. 

One  Lieut.  Phillips  seems  to  have  been  the  first  man  to 
provide  food  and  lodging  for  the  members  of  the  General  Court. 
An  agreement  was  made  with  him  that  the  'Deputies  of  the 
next  Court  of  Election  shall  sitt  in  the  new  court  chamber,  & 
be  dyeted  with  breakfast,  dynner  &  supper,  with  wine  &  beere 
betweene  meales,  with  fire  &  beds,  at  the  rate  of  3sh.  p  day, 
and  so  many  as  take  all  their  dyet  as  afforsaid  at  the  sd  house, 
but  such  as  only  dyne,  &  not  supp,  to  pay  eyghteen  pence  for 
their  dynners  with  wine,  &  beere  betwixt  meales ;  but  by  wine 
is  intended  a  cupp  each  man  at  dynner  &  supp,  &  no  more. 
(Nov.  12,  1654).  'Lieut.  Phillips  did  accept  of  this,  &  agreed 
thereto  with  this  proviso,  that  only  such  as  had  all  their  dyet 
there  should  have  beere  betweene  meales  &  also  that  uppon  ex- 


30  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

traordinary  occasion  he  niiglit  have  the  use  of  the  great  court 
chamber.      Subscribed  by  Wm.  Phillips.'  " 

The  evening  of  May  15,  1924,  was  devoted  to  the  collec- 
tions of  the  Society.  President  Johnson  spoke  of  the  two  pre- 
vious meetings  of  this  nature,  when  manuscripts  and  objects 
were  explained.  He  suggested  that  some  members  might  not 
care  to  spend  the  time  necessary  to  prepare  an  evening's  paper, 
and  yet  would  gladly  take  some  suggestion  from  a  newspaper 
article,  advertisement,  or  object,  and  work  up  a  short  paper. 
By  this  method,  a  perfect  mine  of  wealth  in  our  collection  has 
already  been  found.  Scores  of  interesting  items  deserve  a  brief 
paper,  and  a  number  of  these  short  sketches  will  bring  out  valu- 
able material  in  Lynn's  history.  Mrs.  Howard  K.  Sanderson, 
Mr.  John  Albree  and  Miss  Ellen  Mudge  Burrill  were  the 
speakers. 

The  first  address  was  by  Mrs.  Howard  K.  Sanderson. 

"Perhaps  some  of  you  know  a  little  book  by  Frank  Samuel 
Child,  called  ''The  Colonial  Parson  of  New  England".  He 
has  treated  his  subject  from  many  angles,  and,  upon  finishing 
the  volume,  one  comes  to  the  conclusion  that  in  the  olden  days 
there  were  parsons  and  parsons, — then  as  now.  There  wns  the 
Dutch  parson  who  rebuked  the  tendencies  of  his  age  in  these 
words:  'What  are  the  great  men  of  the  country  but  vessels  of 
wrath  and  fountains  of  woe  and  trouble!'  And  the  Southern 
parsons  who  were  admonished  by  law  'not  to  give  themselves 
to  excess  in  drinking,  or  riot,  playing  of  dice,  cards,  or  any  un- 
lawful game  ;  but  at  all  times  convenient  to  hear  or  read  some- 
what of  the  holy  scriptures',  and  to  'preach  in  the  forenoon  and 
catechize  in  the  afternoon.' 

There  was  the  Colonial  parson,  described  in  literature, — 
Longfellow's 

"Theologian,  from  the  school 
of  Cambridge  on  the  Charles, 
Skilful  alike  with  tongue  and  pen, 
He  preached  to  all  men  everywhere 
The  gospel  of  the  Golden  Rule." 

and    Hawthorne's   Arthur    Dimmesdale,    the    introspective, 

deeply  sensitive  man,  who  is  acknowledged  to  be  an  expression 
of   the  life  which  featured  his  day  and  class,    and   yet  whose 


REPORT    OF    SECRETARY  3I 

crime  had  its  part  in  causing  the  impression  that  these  men  were 
'no  better  than  they  should  be' ; — And  Mrs.  Stowe's  Dr. 
Hopkins,  in  "Old  Town  Folks,"  who  helped  the  opposite 
impression,  for  he  was  a  philosopher,  a  metaphysician,  a 
philanthropist,  and  in  the  highest  sense  a  minister  of  good  on 
earth;  and  Elizabeth  Stuart  Phelps's  Bayard,  in  *'A  Singular 
Life",  whose  mystical  charm  came  not  of  striving,  or  of  prayer, 
or  of  education,  but  from  the  power  of  an  elect  personality. 

The  parson  in  politics,  we  are  told  kept  himself,  for  the 
most  part,  in  the  background,  but  through  the  magistrates 
taught,  inspired,  moved  and  directed  the  state.  A  whole  paper 
might  be  written  upon  his  ways  of  influencing  men  and 
government. 

Most  parsons  were  perforce  agriculturists,  and  some  of  them 
became  experts  in  that  line,  and  could  discourse  wisely  upon  the 
breeding  of  cattle,  raising  of  grain,  and  culture  of  fruit,  and  in 
a  day  when  religion  was  apt  to  be  taken  perhaps  too  seriously, 
it  no  doubt  saved  the  parson  from  too  great  absorption  in  the 
abstruse  and  disquieting  questions  of  predestination,  sovereignty, 
and  hell,  as  well  as  the  people  from  the  deep  darkness  and 
perplexing  uncertainties  occasioned  by  too  frequent  preaching 
along  those  lines. 

One  venerable  deacon  observed:  'Wa'll,  our  minister 
gives  so  much  attention  to  his  farm  and  orchard  that  we  get 
pretty  poor  seimons,  but  he  is  mighty  movin'  in  prayer  in 
caterpillar  and  cankerworm  time.' 

One  straight-spoken  minister  was  annoyed  because  his 
neighbors  helped  themselves  with  unstinted  liberty  to  the  fruit 
of  his  excellent  orchard.  There  came  a  time  when  he  felt  him- 
self constrained  to  speak  of  it.  He  therefore  gave  notice  from 
his  pulpit  that  the  yellow  sweet  apples  in  the  northeast  corner 
of  his  orchard  would  be  ripe  by  next  Wednesday.  The  indi- 
viduals who  were  in  the  habit  of  picking  his  apples  were 
requested  to  wait  until  that  date  before  gathering  them.  Tradi- 
tion has  it  that  such  public  announcement  put  an  end  to  the 
unneighborly  business. 

One  business-like  parson  said  in  his  harvest  prayer:  "O 
Lord,  we  thank  thee,  we  thank  thee  also  for  the  many  barrels 
of    cider    Thou    hast  vouchsafed  us."     One  colonial  parson  is 


32  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

mentioned  who  did  all  his  sermon  work  between  December  and 
April,  and  having  completed  his  one  hundred  discourses  during 
the  winter  months,  he  was  free  to  give  his  mind  to  the  farm  for 
the  rest  of  the  year. 

However,  the  sphere  in  which  our  colonial  parson  figured 
most  prominently,  perhaps,  was  in  that  of  literature.  By 
education,  temperament,  and  calling,  his  mind  was  inclined  to 
literary  expression,  and  wdiile  much  of  the  literary  output  of 
these  men  was  pretty  poor,  some  of  them,  at  least,  bequeathed 
to  posterity  great  work.  To  mention  only  one  or  two  instances, 
we  have  Cotton  Mather's  "Magnalia,"  sufficient  alone  to  make 
him  famous,  but  did  you  realize  that  he  left  more  than  three 
hundred  and  fifty  publications?  Jonathan  Edwards,  the  most 
famous  of  theological  writers,  wrote  the  "Freedom  of  the 
Human  Will,"  which  every  one  has  heard  of,  if  we  have  not  all 
read  it.  "The  Bay-Psalm  Book"  is  the  noted  contribution  to 
poetical  literature.  And  that  they  lapsed  frequently  into  poetry, 
our  graveyards  give  ample  testimony,  for  most  of  the  quaint 
epitaphs  were  the  work  of  the  ministers.  Some  one  has  said, 
not  intending  it  unkindly,  that  the  graveyard  was  the  most 
suitable  place  for  much  of  their  poetry,  since  it  there  did  less 
evil  by  way  of  association,  and  some  good  by  way  of  emotional 
outlet. 

Some  of  these  parsons  wrote  history.  The  Colony  of  Mas- 
sachusetts Bay  paid  Mr.  Hubbard  of  Ipsw'ich,  £50  for  his 
History  of  New  England. 

But  it  would  take  much  more  time  than  I  have  had  allotted 
to  me  to  even  touch  upon  all  the  ways  in  which  this  many-sided 
man  impressed  himself  upon  the  life  of  that  early  day.  It  must 
suffice  to  say  that  although  we  find  him  sometimes  weak  and 
superficial,  he  was,  upon  the  whole,  the  best  educated,  the 
most  respected,  and  the  most  influential  man  in  the  community. 
No  occasion  was  properly  rounded  out  without  his  participation, 
and  to  us  it  might  seem  that  he  preached  in  season  and  out  of 
season.  There  was  the  morning  and  afternoon  sermon,  preached 
on  Sunday;  the  funeral  sermon;  and,  at  one  time,  the  wedding 
sermon ;  the  ordination  sermon ;  the  election  sermon ;  the 
sermon  preached  at  the  spinning-bee,  to  say  nothing  of  the 
length  of  some  of  these  discourses.     One  minister,  after  preach- 


REPORT    OF    SECRETARY  33 

ing  an  hour,  would  turn  the  hour-glass  over  with  the  remark  : 
'Now  we  will  take  another  glass.' 

Many  and  many  of  these  sermons  were  published  and  have 
come  down  to  us.  In  our  collection  of  books  here,  we  may 
find  many  a  one  with  brown  covers  and  yellowed  leaves. 

Here  is  one  with  the  following  Title  Page  : — 

'Gods  conduct  of  His  Church  through  the  Wilderness, 
with  His  Glorious  Arm,  to  make  Himself  an  Everlasting  Name. 
A  sermon  preached  by  Order  of  the  Honorable  Representatives 
of  the  Province  of  the  Massachusetts  Bay  in  New  England, 
on  May  the  25th.,  1715.  Being  their  Anniversary  Day  for 
Election  of  His  Majesties  Council  for  that  Province, — by 
Jeremiah  Shepard,  A.M.' 

Jeremiah  Shepard  was  the  third  minister  of  the  First 
Church,  the  first  minister  of  that  Church  to  have  been  born  in 
America.  His  father  and  two  of  his  brothers  were  also  minis- 
ters. The  date  of  his  own  birth  was  1648,  in  Cambridge. 
He  was  graduated  from  Harvard,  and  this  little  book  says,  with 
the  degree  of  A.M.  He  preached  first  at  Rowley  and  then  at 
Ipswich,  but  came  to  Lynn  during  the  illness  of  Mr.  Whiting, 
the  minister  here,  and  after  the  death  of  the  latter,  was  ordained 
here  in  1680.  He  made  his  home  first  on  what  was  afterward 
named  Shepard  Street  in  his  honor,  and  later  built  himself  a 
house  on  the  north  side  of  the  Common,  between  Park  and  Mall 
Streets.  He  was  a  man  of  piety,  but  apparently  of  a  some- 
what melancholy  type.  Strong  in  his  beliefs  and  prejudices,  he 
is  shown  now  and  then  to  have  engaged  actively  in  the  political 
affairs  of  the  time.  This  was  particularly  so  during  the  time 
that  the  Royal  Governor,  Andros,  was  making  himself  so 
unpopular  here,  and  when  in  1689,  the  uprising  people  made 
Andros  a  prisoner  at  Fort  Hill,  it  is  said  that  the  minister  of 
the  Lynn  church  led  a  small  but  determined  band  of  partic- 
ipants. It  was  in  this  year  of  1689  that  he  was  chosen  Repre- 
sentative to  the  General  Court. 

In  1693,  the  year  which  is  always  to  be  remembered  as  the 
year  of  the  Witchcraft  Delusion,  Lynn  did  not  escape,  and 
finally,  among  those  'cried  out  against',  was  her  minister  Jere- 
miah Shepard.  It  was,  as  you  remember,  because  of  the  stand- 
ing of  such  persons  as  he  that  the  matter  subsided.     In  1694, 

8 


34 


LYNN    HSTOR.ICAL    SOCIETY" 


Mr.   Shepard  appointed   a  day  of  fasting,  and  prayer,  'that  the 
spiritual  plague  of  Quakerism  might  proceed  no  farther.' 

Parson  Shepard  died  in  1720,  having  preached  in  Lynn 
forty  years. 

There  is  not  much  that  I  shall  read  from  this  Election  Ser- 
mon of  his.*  (I  read  it  all  through  myself  and  followed  his 
argument  to  the  end,  but  am  going  to  spare  you.) 

He  expresses  himself  with  great  humility  at  having  been 
chosen  *  *  and  then  states  the  doctrine  which  he  proposes  to 
bring  out  *  *  *  He  follows  the  Children  of  Israel  through  the 
Wilderness  and  makes  the  comparison  between  their  state  and 
that  of  the  people  who  came  to  America,  *  *  and  then  toward 
the  end  he  makes  his  special  applications."  Mrs.  Sanderson 
closed  with  a  poem,  written  in  1820  by  Rev.  Enoch  Mudge. 

Mr,  John  Albree  spoke  of  the  value  of  old  clocks  and  of 
the  fact  that  a  Simon  Willard  clock  in  a  shop  is  not  worth  any- 
where near  what  that  same  clock  would  be  if  it  were  in  a 
family  homestead.  He  had  in  mind  the  value  of  a  clock  in 
Brunswick,  Maine,  in  the  home  of  a  grand-daughter  of  an  early 
President  of  Bowdoin  College,  which  was  recently  called  to  his 
attention. 

He  exhibited  an  Herbarium,  which  was  made  and  beauti- 
fully mounted  by  Mr.  Charles  Vaughan,  of  Lynn.  Mr. 
Vaughan  had  for  years  been  in  the  employ  of  J.  J-  Grover's 
Sons  Company,  and  died  in  1920  at  the  age  of  sixty-eight.  On 
Sundays  and  holidays  he  would  go  into  the  woods,  gather  these 
plants  and  arrange  them.  At  his  request,  this  beautiful  col- 
lection was  sent  to  the  Society  by  Mrs.  Vaughan. 

The  next  object  taken  was  an  old  style  flat  iron, — hollow 
to  hold  a  mass  of  iron.  This  center  piece  was  first  heated 
in  the  coals  and  then  placed  in  the  iron  form.  Two  duelling 
pistols,  of  fine  workmanship,  were  shown.  They  were  pre- 
sented by  a  French  lady,  whose  brother  had  been  in  the 
Franco-Prussian  war.  This  type  of  pistol  carries  a  percussion 
cap  and  one  ball.  The  construction  of  the  barrel  and  trigger 
were  explained.  A  large  umbrella,  owned  by  Joseph  Lye  and 
presented  by  his  grandson,  Henry  F.  Tapley,  was  also  shown. 
This  has  whalebone    ribs,  and    an    ivory  handle ;    the    stick  is 

*See  the  Sermon,  No.  375  Mangan  Collection. 


REPORT    OF    SECRETARY  35 

ornamented  with  brass,  and  the  cover  is  lihie  silk,  with  a 
border. 

Mr.  Albree  then  took  up  several  documents,  among  them,  a 
letter  from  Avis  Keene  to  Micajah  Collins,  and  a  sermon  of 
May  3,  1781,  by  Joseph  Roby,  M.A.,  printed  in  1781  by  T.  and 
J.  Fleet.  No  doubt,  this  sermon  was  preached  in  the  Third 
Church  of  Lynn  (the  First  Parish  Church  of  Saugus)  and  it 
was  delivered  only  five  months  before  Cornvvallis  surrendered  to 
Washington,  and  when  the  last  struggle  of  the  Revolutionary 
war  was  being  fought  out  by  our  weary  and  more  or  less  dis- 
couraged colonists.  It  is  in  perfect  condition  ;  is  bound  in  hard 
covers  and  the  reason  we  have  it  to-day  is  because  some  one 
was  interested  in  the  important  events  which  took  place  in  that 
community.  The  Society  has  another  Parson  Roby  sermon, 
delivered  in  Lynn  on  the  General  Fast,  April  17,  1794.  This 
was  published  at  the  request  of  the  hearers  and  printed  in  Port- 
land, by  Thomas  Baker  Wait  (1794). 

Mr.  Albree  exhibited  a  certified  copy  of  a  deed  of  gift  from 
William  Taylor  to  the  Proprietors,  1736,  of  a  piece  of  land 
called  "Meeting  House  Hill";  this  is  the  land  on  which  the 
Soldiers'  Monument  stands  in  the  centre  of  Saugus,  and  includes 
the  old  burial  ground.  Thomas  Cheever,  Thomas  White  and 
others  agreed  to  build  a  meeting  house  on  the  land.  The  people 
of  Saugus  had  so  longed  for  a  Parish  of  their  own,  that  they 
had  for  years  pictured  their  vision  of  a  meeting  house  on  that 
hill.  They  named  the  place  "Meeting  House  Hill"  sixteen 
years  before  there  was  one  stroke  made  toward  erecting  the 
meeting  house  there. 

Joseph  Roby  came  to  that  West  Parish.  In  1736,  there 
was  an  old  vellum  bound  volume  given  with  the  deed,  in  which 
to  keep  the  records  of  the  meeting  house,  and  from  1736  to 
1835,  that  one  book  contained  all  the  records  of  the  Parish. 
It  might  be  called  the  "Old  Testament  of  Saugus".  The  record 
has  come  down  to  us  that  Rev.  Mr.  Roby,  in  the  eightieth  year 
of  his  age,  took  his  musket  into  the  pulpit.  He  was  pastor 
continously  for  fifty-three  years.  He  was  born  in  Boston  in 
1724,  graduated  from  Harvard  College  in  1742  and  died  January 
31,  1803,  ^^d  we  have  a  sermon,  or  discourse,  delivered  at  his 
funeral  by  David  Osgood  (printed  in  Boston  in  1803).  The 
Clergyman  was  buried  at  the  expense  of  the  Parish. 


36  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

The  last  speaker  was  the  Secretary,  Miss  Burrill,  who 
exhibited  a  stone,  which  was  taken  from  the  Old  Town  Wall,  of 
King's  Lynn,  England,  "from  that  end  nearest  the  Old  Kettle 
Mills",  on  July  21,  1907,  by  Thomas  Jones,  a  native  of  King's 
Lynn.  Two  attractive  silhouettes  were  shown,  of  John  and 
Abigail  (Gordon)  Nash,  and  the  following  documents, — A 
petition  to  the  Town  of  Lynn  for  a  fence  about  its  Common  ;  a 
poem  entitled  "Lynn  Common  Fence",  and  a  certificate  of 
stock  in  the  Lynn  Academy,  dated  June  6,  1S05,  owned  by 
Aaron  Breed. 

The  last  object  was  "Master  King's  School  Bell".     This 
is  an  old  Spanish  bell,  formerly  in  a  South  American  Convent, 
probably  at  Valparaiso,  from  which  it  was  taken  by  the  crew  of 
a  Lynn  Whaler,  which  docked  at  the  Fox  Hill  Wharf.     The 
bell  was  landed  on  the  wharf,  where  it  remained  a  short  time. 
Through  Isaiah  Breed,  chairman  of  the  Trustees  of  the  Lynn 
Whaling  Company  and  a  member  of  the  first  Board  of  Directors 
of  the  Eastern  Railroad  Company,  the  bell  was  placed  in  the 
cupola  of  the  first  Lynn  station,  and  rang  when  the   railroad 
began  operations,  August  28,  1838.     For  ten  years,  the  custom 
was   continued, — of    ringing   the    bell    ten    minutes    before    the 
arrival  of  trains.     At  the  close  of  that  period,  the  depot  and 
bell  were  sold  and    removed  to  63   Newhall  Street,   and   here 
Miss  Helen  Attwill  conducted  a  private  school.     The  building 
later  became  the  first  stitching  shop  in  the  town  and  was  known 
as  the  "Shoe  Bindery."     Then  the  bell  was  sold  to  the  City, 
and  the  building  moved  over  the  land  boundries  to  71  Sagamore 
Street,  where  it  served  as  a  tenement  house  and  a  storehouse 
before  being  torn  down.     The  bell  next  appeared  in  the  belfry 
of  the  Ward  4  Grammar  School  house  on  School  Street  (dedi- 
cated June  25,  1853),  and  served  during  the  principalships  of 
Samuel    W.   King,  B.  F.   Morrison,   and  Timothy  G.   Senter. 
As  the  neighborhood  became  more  thickly  settled,  objection  was 
made  to  the  noise  and  so  the  ringing  was  discontinued,  the  bell 
was  taken  down  and  stored  in  the  basement  of  the  school  house. 
It  was  purchased  by  Arthur  S.  Ashton,  who  hung  it  in  a  small 
belfry  on  his  shop  in   Essex    Street,  near  Porter  Street.     Mr. 
Ashton  equipped  it  with  an  electric  ringing  attachment  and  it 
struck  at  quarter  of  twelve  each  day ;  he  later  placed  the  bell 


REPORT    OF    SECRETARY  37 

in  his  jewelry  store  on  Union  Street,  opposite  Green,  sold  it  to 
William  vStone,  who  gave  it  to  Master  King's  School  Boys 
and  they  presented  it  to  the  Historical  Society  in  1905,  "feeling 
assured  that  in  its  custody  it  would  be  kept  in  perpetuity." 

The  bell  weighs  nearly  150  pounds;  its  pitch  is  "E  flat." 
Cast  in  a  Spanish  foundry,  with  unknown  experiences  in  that 
country,  it  came  across  the  seas  to  the  South  American  convent, 
found  its  way  to  the  old  time  Whaler,  where  perhaps  it  sounded 
the  watch,  shared  in  the  railroad  development  here,  and  in  the 
manufacture  of  shoes,  fulfilled  its  mission  in  calling  the  children 
to  school  and  was  later  identified  with  electricity.  It  surely  has 
lived  through  many  changes 


On  Oct.  1 6,  1924,  President  Johnson  gave  a  talk  on  some 
of  his  experiences  and  observations  in  England  and  France 
during  the  previous  summer.  He  went  abroad  with  the  Ameri- 
can Bar  Association  who  were  guests  of  the  London  and  Cana- 
dian Bar  Associations.  The  audience  was  very  appreciative  of 
his  word  pictures  of  King  George  and  Qiieen  Mary,  of  the  Lord 
Chief  Justice,  the  Lord  Chancellor,  of  Secretary  of  State  Charles 
E.  Hughes,  Mr.  Owen  D.  Young  of  the  Reparations  Commis- 
sion, and  many  others.  A  social  hour  followed,  with  Mary  A. 
Townsend  as  hostess,  assisted  by  Mrs.  Henry  R.  French, 
Bethany  S.  Brown,  Mrs.  Carolus  M.  Cobb,  Mrs.  Birnie  C. 
Parsons,  Mrs.  Lawrence  E.  Brown.      (-^^^  png'^s  '!^'^~S3  ) 

For  the  meeting  of  Nov.  13,  1924,  our  speaker  was  another 
member  of  the  Society,  Henry  A.  Sawyer,  on  the  subject, 
"Shays's  Rebellion,  Its  Inception  and  Results,  1786- 
1787."  This  rebellion  occurred  in  a  period  almost  immediately 
following  the  Revolutionary  war.  Mr.  Sawyer  gave  a  very 
complete  record  of  this  insurrection,  its  cause  and  outcome,  with 
an  outline  of  its  suppression  by  State  troops,  and  closed  w^th  a 
personal  touch  in  his  description  of  Shays's  life  after  he  escaped 
from  Massachusetts,  and  went  into  practical  retirement  in  the 
Sandgate  Valley  of  Vermont.  We  are  grateful  to  Mr.  Sawyer 
for  this  valuable  paper.      (See  pages  ^6-76.) 

The  final  meeting  of  the  year  was  held  on  Dec.  9,  1924, 
when  Judge  Alden  P.  White,  of  Salem,  spoke  on  "The  Forks 


38  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

of  the  Ohio," — a  subject  dealing  primarily  with  the  middle 
West  and  yet  of  vital  interest  to  all  residents  of  Massachusetts. 
There  is  a  dramatic  comparison  between  the  ideas  which  were 
germinated  on  the  Banks  of  the  James  River,  at  Plymouth 
Rock,  about  Naumkeag  Bay,  and  the  territory  including  Old 
Saugus,  Newtowne  and  Boston  on  the  one  side,  and  those  com- 
munities of  a  rival  race  farther  north,  with  different  traditions, 
different  motives  and  different  environment.  Yet  there  was  a 
certain  coincidence  in  time.  The  pioneers  to  Virginia  had 
established  Jamestown  in  1607,  and  a  few  months  later  in  1608, 
the  French  had  reached  Quebec.  Judge  White  w^ove  into  the 
story  the  French  claims  to  the  Northwest  Territory,  Cartier, 
who  explored  the  St.  Lawrence,  Marquette,  Joliet,  La  Salle, 
Coleron,  Contrecoeur  and  many  others. 

He  described  the  famous  Ordinance  of  1787,  creating  the 
"Territory  northwest  of  the  River  Ohio"  made  possible  by  the 
formation  of  the  Ohio  Company  of  Associates,  a  company  of 
Revolutionary  officers  under  the  leadership  of  Gen.  Rufus  Put- 
nam, the  fortifier  of  West  Point,  who  gained  fame  for  the 
defences  he  constructed  about  Boston  at  the  outbreak  of  the 
Revolutionary  War. 

Judge  White  illustrated  the  lecture  at  many  points  by  map 
drawing.  Copies  of  these  maps,  with  his  notes,  are  in  the 
Society's  files. 

A  name  plate,  the  gift  of  Mr.  Arthur  J.  Phillips,  has  been 
placed  on  the  door  of  the  north  room,  second  floor  in  the  Society 
house,  designating  that  it  had  been  set  apart  as  the  "Julia 
Pond  Hood — Helen  Louise  Stetson  Room." 

In  connection  with  the  summer  afternoons,  when  the  House 
was  open,  a  special  exhibit  was  arranged  in  the  lecture  room, 
consisting  of  photographs  of  Lynn,  Swampscott  and  Nahant,  a 
series  of  Parisian  fashioned  plates  of  a  hundred  years  ago,  in 
color,  and  objects  from  the  collection. 

Until  the  time  comes  when  the  building  can  be  kept  open 
at  regular  periods,  the  Council  has  endeavored  to  make  it  as 
useful  as  possible,  and  you  may  be  interested  to  know  that 
during  the  past  year,  over  1,200  people  have  been  here. 

Some  years  ago,  Dr.  Woodbury,  then  President,  with  his 
Council,  set  the  price  for  the  Registers   at  $1.00  per  volume. 


REPORT    OF    SECRETARY  39 

We  can  now  add  that  the  Registers  have  a  real  market  value. 
They  are  catalogued  in  Boston  and  we  have  sold  quite  a  number 
of  copies  recently  at  the  price  named.  I  wish  to  express  my 
gratitude  to  Susan  L.  Johnson  and  Mrs.  Howard  K.  Sanderson 
for  their  great  assistance  in  the  preparation  of  Vol.  XXIII,  Part 
II,  of  the  Register,  also  to  Mrs.  Sanderson  and  John  Albree 
for  their  work  as  members  of  the  committee  on  the  Mangan 
collection. 

You  will  recall  that  in  1904,  marble  headstones  were 
placed  in  the  cemeteries  of  Lynn,  Saugus  and  Lynnfield,  mark- 
ing the  graves  of  our  Revolutionary  soldiers.  These  stones 
were  furnished  by  the  government,  and  our  Society  paid  for 
having  the  dates  inscribed,  but  their  completion  would  have 
been  impossible  had  it  not  been  for  the  careful  work  done  by 
our  good  friend,  Howard  K.  Sanderson.  The  records  of  these 
soldiers  were  later  published  in  two  volumes  by  Mrs.  Sanderson. 

The  Society  erected  a  stone  marking  the  grave  of  John 
Adam  Dagyr,  in  the  Western  Burying  Ground,  in  1903.  A 
bronze  tablet  was  placed  on  the  First  Congregational  Church, 
June  13,  1909,  in  recognition  of  the  Old  Tunnel  Meeting  House, 
one  of  the  most  notable  bviildings  in  the  Massachusetts  Bay 
Colony. 

In  1898,  the  Society  erected  six  tablets  (white  bronze  on 
wood)  marking  the  following  sites,  and  the  inscriptions  can  be 
found  in  the  Register  of  that  year, — The  First  Iron  Works,  in 
Saugus,  near  Scott's  Mills  ;  The  Old  Tavern,  on  the  City  Hall 
Grounds  ;  The  Old  Burial  Ground,  Market  Square  ;  Billy  Gray 
House,  Marion  Street ;  Rand  House,  Boston  Street;  The  spot 
where  the  Fire  of  1889  started,  Mower  Building,  Blake  Street. 
The  Tablet  on  Appleton  Pulpit  in  Saugus  was  repaired. 

The  one  marking  the  site  of  the  "Billy  Gray"  house  is 
here  in  this  building.  The  property  changed  hands  and  the 
new  owner  was  not  willing  that  it  should  remain  on  the  property 
where  our  Society  placed  it. 

May  I  call  your  attention  to  the  work  accomplished,  with 
the  approval  of  the  Council,  in  the  re-arranging  of  the  pictures 
and  portraits,  the  sale  of  worn-out  material,  better  filing  facili- 
ties, and  the  sale  of  Registers.  We  have  recently  received  a 
bequest  from  the  late  Judge  Rollin  E.  Harmon.     Our  apprecia- 


40  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

tion  is  extended  to  the  Lynn  Daily  Item,  and  to  the  Boston 
Evening-  Transcript  for  their  kindness  in  publishing  historical 
notes  concerning  the  Society. 

Last  year,  mention  was  made  of  the  need  of  a  tire  proof 
building,  and  of  the  necessity  of  making  over  the  third  story  of 
the  Society  house  as  an  old  fashioned  attic.  These  two  projects 
will    require    money,    but    I    feel    sure    they    will    be    attained. 

The  Nominating  Committee,  to  present  a  list  of  officers  for 
1925,  was  appointed  by  President  Johnson, — James  R.  Viets, 
Chairman,  Alfred  E.  Chase  and  Alfred  W.  Ingalls.  The 
nominees  were  unanimously  elected. 

Following  the  official  business,  letters  of  historic  interest 
were  read.  The  first  was  presented  by  President  Johnson, — a 
letter  sent  to  the  Lord  Mayor  of  London  dated  "Council 
Chamber,  May  5,  i775>"  by  the  Committee  of  Safety  of  New 
York,  and  signed  by  many  of  the  great  leaders  of  the  Revolu- 
tionary movement  in  that  community.  It  was  written  a  few 
days  after  the  battles  of  Concord  and  Lexington.  Mr.  Johnson 
said  that  the  most  interesting  thing  in  the  letter  to  him  was  that 
in  its  very  terms,  written  by  New  York  patriots  in  1775,  it 
emphasized  the  modern  view  of  the  controversy  between  the 
Government  of  Great  Britain  and  the  Colonies,  that  the  con- 
troversy was  not  national  in  a  sense,  but  purely  political. 
There  were  a  great  many  people  in  Great  Britain  who 
sympathized  with  the  Colonies,  and  there  were  some  here  who 
did  not  sympathize  with  them  to  the  extent  of  establishing  a 
separate  government.  Many  of  those  were  New  York  mer- 
chants who  saw  the  opportunity  to  appeal  to  the  economic 
impulses  of  the  men  in  London,  who  had  already  tried  to 
have  the  King  drop  the  question  of  taxing  the  Colonies.  It  was 
a  distinct  effort  through  economic  channels  to  bring  about  a 
change  of  attitude  on  the  part  of  Great  Britain  toward  the 
Colonies. 

Mr,  John  Albree  exhibited  a  map,  showing  the  early 
routes  of  travel  between  Salem,  Lynn  and  Boston.  He 
described  how  difficult  it  was  to  travel  from  one  town  to 
another.  Taking  the  period  prior  to  the  opening  of  the  Turn- 
pike he  traced  the  various  routes. 

On  one  route  out  of  Boston,  the  traveller  would  have  gone 


REPORT    OF    SECRETARY  4I 

to  Boston  Neck,  a  narrow  strip  of  land  perhaps  a  little  wider 
than  Nahant  Road,  and  then  to  Roxbury.  He  would  have 
climbed  there  to  the  First  Church,  descended  to  Roxbury  Cross- 
ing, continued  on  to  Brookline,  along  Harvard  Avenue,  finally 
reaching  the  settlement  at  Cambridge ;  crossed  the  Charles 
River,  and  then  over  the  Medford  Bridge,  through  Maiden  to 
Lynn. 

Another  route  was  from  Boston  to  Chelsea, — across  the 
Penny  Ferry  to  Maiden,  through  Maiden,  into  and  through 
Chelsea  to  Black  Ann's  Corner.  The  Winnesimmet  Ferry  was 
also  used  Then  the  road  climbed  over  the  Soldiers'  Home 
hill.  The  old  road  that  led  to  Black  Ann's  Corner,  still  exists. 
It  was  necessary  to  cross  the  great  bridge  over  into  Saugus, 
follow  the  Saugus  River  to  the  Iron  Works,  cross  the  river  and 
travel  down  to  Boston  Street.  The  story  was  developed  in  a 
delightful  manner. 

Two  verbal  reports  were  submitted, — one  by  George  S. 
Bliss,  chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Photography,  who  out- 
lined the  scope  and  volume  of  the  work  done  in  the  city,  and 
stated  that  in  addition  to  our  collection  of  photographs,  we  have 
a  fine  collection  of  lantern  slides.  The  other  report  was  from 
John  Albree,  chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Manuscripts,  who 
said  that  perhaps  it  was  not  generally  understood  how  extensive 
and  valuable  is  our  collection  of  manuscripts  and  documents. 
He  exhibited  the  type  of  book  in  which  the  manuscripts  are 
kept,  and  also  a  collection  recently  received.  Extracts  were 
read  from  several  letters,  among  them  a  letter  to  James  Purin- 
ton,  concerning  shoes  or  pumps,  dated  1775,  and  another  dated 
the  fourth  of  the  sixth  month,  1775,  regarding  the  difficulties 
of  the  soldiers  in  the  early  days  of  the  Revolutionary  war. 

ELLEN    MUDGE    BURRILL, 

Secretary. 


42 


LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 


REPORT   OF   THE   COMMITTEE  ON    NECROLOGY 

For  the  year  Jan.  17,  1924,  to  Jan.  8,  igiS- 


To  the  Lynn  Historical  Society : — 

The  Committee  on  Necrology  submit,  with  sincere  regret, 
the  names  of  the  following  members,  who  have  passed  on  during 
the  year : — 


Joined 


Mary  Ada  Bubier  (Mrs.  Samuel 

Arthur) 
John  Warren  Tapley 
Jessie  P.  (Mudgridge)  Coombs 

(Mrs.  Ernest  R.) 
Hon.  Charles  Edwin  Harwood 
Anna  Horton  (Little)  Spalding 

(Mrs.  Rollin  A.) 
William  Brimblecom  Little,  M.D., 
Webster  Bruce 
George  Everett  Sprague 
Frederick  Melville  Nichols 
Mrs.  Sarah  Maria  (Newhall) 

Caldwell 
Mary  Ella  (Stacey)  Bubier  (Mrs. 

Frederick  L.) 
Lillibridge  King  Blood 
Hon.  Henry  Cabot  Lodge 
Mary  (Barberie)  Leonard  (Mrs. 

Jamrs  Wilkes) 
Mary  Adelaide  Bubier 
Edwin  Warren  Ingalls 


Died 


Apr.  27, 

1897 

Jan.  24, 

1924 

Dec.  20, 

1909 

Feb  29, 

1924 

Apr.  15, 

1923 

Mar.  20, 

1924 

Feb.  16, 

1914 

Apr.  7, 

1924 

Jan.  27, 

1902 

Apr.  12, 

1924 

Jan.  27, 

1899 

Apr.  30, 

1924 

Sept.  18, 

1  1911 

May  26, 

1924 

Oct.  8,  1 

909 

June  s, 

1924 

Apr.  7, 

1899 

June  30, 

1924 

Mar.  26, 

1901 

Aug.  10, 

1924 

Dec.  30, 

1901 

Oct.  9, 

1924 

Oct.  15, 

1917 

Nov.  I, 

1924 

Sept.  ID 

.  1913 

Nov.  9, 

1924 

July  26, 

1909 

Dec.  8, 

1924 

Apr.  27, 

1907 

Dec.  27, 

1924 

Dec.  14, 

1898 

Dec.  38, 

1924 

Respectfully  submitted, 

SUSAN   L.   JOHNSON, 


Chairman. 


MoTii : — Mcinoirs  of  the  above  members  are  in  Register  Number  24,  Part  i. 


COMMITTEE    ON    HOSPITALITY  43 


REPORT   OF  THE   COMMITTEE   ON   HOSPITALITY 

For  the  year  1924 


To  the  Lynn  Historical  Society: — 

During  February  and  March,  1924,  the  House  was  opened 
for  nine  Sunday  afternoon  Musicales,  and  the  chairman  was 
assisted  in  the  arrangements  by  Mary  A.  Townsend  and  Mrs. 

Gustavus  Attwill. 

Programs 

Feb.  3.  Mrs.  Henry  P.  Emerson,  chairman.  Musicians  :— Mrs.  Alma 
E.  Martel,  contralto;  Mrs.  Walter  E.  Tuttle,  accompanist,  and 
an  orchestra  with  Charles  Fletcher,  piano,  Birnie  B.  Pottle, 
trumpet,  M.  F.  Silver,  flute,  Lawrence  Angier,  violin  and 
Herbert  Fletcher,  trombone.  Hostess,  Mrs.  Frank  W.  Mace, 
assisted  by  Mrs.  Shirley  A.  Mace,  Mary  A.  Townsend,  Bethany 
S.  Brown,  Mrs.  Henry  A.  Sawyer  and  Mrs.  Mary  C.  Buzzell. 

Feb.  ID.  Sallie  H.  Hacker,  chairman.  Musicians  :— Trio,  Mrs.  Vivian 
Tuttle  Kinney,  piano,  Mrs.  Irene  Ross  Robinson,  violin,  Velma 
Jenkins,  'cello,  Mrs.  Araxy  Mooradian  Odabashian,  soprano, 
and  Nancy  Beaudry,  accompanist.  Hostess,  Bethany  S. 
Brown ,  assisted  by  Sarah  Ellen  Breed,  Mrs.  Eugene  B.  Sprague 
Mrs.  Gustavus  Attwill  and  Mrs.  Grant  S.  Hilton. 

Feb.  17.  Sallie  H.  Hacker,  chairman,  assisted  by  G.  Frank  Martin. 
Musicians:— Harmony  Trio,  Ruth  Dubrow,  'cello,  Shirley 
Polschuck,  violin,  Eleanor  Mahoney,  piano.  Marion  Howard 
violin.  Vera  Sanford,  soprano,  Mrs.  Minnie  Drogue,  contralto, 
and  Lillian  Brown,  accompanist.  Hostess,  Sarah  Ellen  Breed, 
assisted  by  Mrs.  Warren  Mudge  Breed,  Mrs.  Clifton  Colburn, 
Bethany  S.  Brown,  Rosamond  Jameson,  Mildred  Colburn  and 
Ruth  S.  Holder. 

Feb.  24.  Sallie  H.  Hacker,  chairman.  Musicians :— The  Ella  Cram 
Trio,— Lois  Crowley,  violin,  Velma  Jenkins,  'cello.  Ella  M. 
Cram,  piano,  with  Keith  P.  Smerige,  baritone.  Hostess,  Mrs. 
Clifton  Colburn,  assisted  by  Mildred  Colburn. 

Mar.  3.  Mrs.  Nathaniel  P.  Breed,  chairman.  Musicians  :— Marguerite 
Porter,  soprano,  Stanley  R.  McLean,  violin,  Herbert  J.  A. 
Irvine,  piano.  Hostess,  Mrs.  James  S.  Newhall,  assisted  by 
Mrs.  Charles  J.  H.  Woodbury,  Mrs.  William  G.  Keene,  Alice 
Woodbury  and  Blanche  Merritt. 

Mar.  9.  Sallie  H.  Hacker,  chairman.  Musicians  :— Mrs.  Ouida  Cefrey 
Aechtler,  contralto,  Daniel  McHugh,  tenor,  George  F.  Paine, 
baritone,  Mrs.  Alice  Newhall  Cook,  piano.     Hostess,  Mary  A. 


44  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

Townsend,  assisted  by  Mrs.  George  Herbert  Breed,  Mrs.  Jame 
R.  Viets  and  Mrs.  David  Demarest. 

Mir.  i6.  Mrs.  Gustavus  Atlwill,  chairman.  Musicians: — Edith  Robin- 
son, piano,  Ruth  Abbott,  violin,  Velma  Jenkins,  'cello,  and  a 
mixed  quartette,  Mrs.  Vernon  Evans,  soprano,  Jessie  Mary 
French,  contralto,  Harrison  P.  Burrill,  tenor,  Winthrop  W. 
Danielson,  bass,  with  Herbert  J.  A.  Irvine,  pianist.  Hostess, 
Mrs.  Grant  S.  Hilton,  assisted  by  Mrs.  Archer  P.  Osborne, 
Mrs.  Ernest  L.  Proctor,  Mrs.  William  C.  Sprague,  Laura 
Woodbury  and  Bethany  S.  Brown. 

Mar.  23.  Mrs.  Wilfred  E.  Watson,  chairman.  Musicians: —  Mrs. 
S.  Carleton  Rogers,  piano,  Charles  F.  Bennett,  bass,  Mrs. 
Watson,  contralto.  Hostess,  Mrs.  Watson,  assisted  by  Mrs. 
George  Herbert  Breed,  Mrs.  Herbert  W.  Newhall,  Mrs. 
Lawrence  E.  Brown  and  Mrs.  George  H.  Kirkpatrick. 

Mar.  30.  Harrison  P.  Burrill,  chairman.  Musicians: —  Male  Quartette, 
—  F.  Paul  Welsch,  first  tenor,  Harrison  P.  Burrill,  second 
tenor,  Louis  A.  Hanscom,  baritone,  Willis  A.  Goode,  bass,  of 
the  Apollo  Club  of  Boston,  with  Herbert  J.  A.  Irvine,  piano. 
Hostesses,  Mrs.  Howard  K.  Sanderson  and  Mrs.  Lawrence  U. 
Fuller,  assisted  by  Mrs.  Kendall  A.  Sanderson,  Mrs.  Charles 
W.  Mowry,  Mrs.  Robert  C.  Ingalls  and  Blanche  Merritt. 

These  musicales  were  very  popular,  forty-five  musicians 
volunteering  for  the  programs,  and  over  seven  hundred  and 
fifty  persons  attending. 

Our  btiilding  was  open  two  Saturday  afternoons  in  August 
and  three  in  September,  1924,  with  one  hundred  and  thirty-six 
visitors,  including  a  number  from  out  of  town  and  out  of  the 
State  The  following  kindly  assisted  the  Hospitality  committee 
on  these  afternoons: —  Betliany  S.  Brown,  Alice  Hawkes, 
Sarah  Ellen  Breed,  Mrs.  Robert  C.  Ingalls,  Blanche  Merritt, 
Mrs.  Charles  H.  Bangs,  Althea  Bangs,  Mrs.  Frank  W.  Mace, 
Mrs.  Carolus  M.  Cobb,  Mrs.  William  Blaney  Bessom,  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Birnie  C.  Parsons,  Mrs.  Lewis  D.  Dunn,  Mrs.  Frederick 
L.  Bubier,  Mrs.  Charles  J.  II.  Woodbury,  Mrs.  Warren  S. 
Hixon,  Maria  E.  Rich,  Mrs.  William  A.  Clark,  Florence  B. 
Tarbox,  Harrison  P.  Burrill,  Ellen  Mudge  Bvirrill. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

SALLIE  H.  HACKER, 

Chairman, 


WASHINGTON,    THE    MAN  45 


WASHINGTON,   THE   MAN 


Notes  from  an  address  by  Raymond  T.  Parke 
February  21,  1924 


The  most  important  political  events  concerning  George  Washington 
are  found  in  standard  histories.  We  know  of  the  battles  and  the  struggle 
between  the  Colonies  and  the  Mother  Country.  We  find  the  account  of 
the  great  political  and  constitutional  events  which  took  form,  but  we  find 
very  little  about  Washington  as  a  man. 

The  background,  primarily  is  the  condition  of  the  Colonies  in  the 
eighteenth  century.  We  recognize  that  Washington  was  a  Virginian. 
There  were  the  aristocratic  tendencies  of  Virginia;  the  institution  of 
slavery ;  the  class  of  leisure.  The  Colonies  were  small,  with  the  settle- 
ments on  the  sea  coast,  and  with  the  vast  wilderness  beyond.  It  was  the 
era  in  which  there  was  a  very  limited  amount  of  what  we  call  book  learn- 
ing or  book  education.  It  is  impossible  to  understand  the  character  of 
Washington  clearly  unless  we  devote  especial  attention  to  the  first  thirty 
years  of  his  life.  In  outward  aspect  certainly,  and  in  his  approach  to  the 
world,  he  seems  to  be  an  entirely  different  personality  in  the  later  years 
of  his  life  than  in  his  earlier  years. 

Washington  was  born  on  the  and.  of  February,  1732,  on  a  little  creek 
called  "Pope's  Creek",  about  thirty-five  miles  south  of  Fredericksburg,  on 
the  south  side  of  the  Potomac, — of  the  fourth  generation  in  this  country, 
descended  from  the  English  stock. 

His  father  had  a  half  interest  in  five  thousand  acres  of  land,  and, — 
when  Washington  was  only  two  or  three  years  old, — went  up  to  Mt. 
Vernon,  where  he  built  some  of  the  old  buildings,  but  there  was  a 
destructive  fire  in  1739,  which  compelled  the  family  to  return  to  the  farm 
opposite  Fredericksburg. 

When  Washington's  father  died,  George  was  eleven  years  old,  and  on 
account  of  this  destructive  fire  and  the  lack  of  ready  money,  his  mother 
felt  very  limited  in  her  means,  and  this,  together  with  the  responsibility 
of  training  her  four  or  five  children, — gave  a  serious  bent  early  in  life  to 
Washington.  He  had  some  elementary  training  in  mathematics,  and 
some  training  from  a  teacher,  so  that  at  about  sixteen  he  became  a  very 
good  surveyor.  Physically,  he  was  a  large,  powerful  boy.  It  seems 
almost  incredible  that  he  could  have  been  undertaking  a  man's  duties 
when  he  was  sixteen  or  seventeen,  but  that  was  the  fact. 

Very  early,  he  was  fortunate  in  becoming  closely  acquainted  with 
Lord  Fairfax,  one  of  the  leaders  of  the  aristocracy  in  Virginia,  and  that 
connection  gave  him  the  entre  which  was  of  immense  value  to  him. 
After  he  made  friendship  with  Lord  Fairfax,  he  started  out  and  spent  two 
or  three  months  surveying  in  the  woods.     For  the  next  two  or  three  years 


46 


LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 


he  spent  his  time  mostly  surveying  in  the  wilderness.  Those  who  are 
familiar  with  Pontiac  and  the  History  of  the  Seven  Nations,  can  picture 
the  situation.  The  country  in  which  he  did  this  work  was  the  primitive, 
primeval  wilderness;  he  made  his  camp  every  night,  looking  out  for 
Indians,  making  his  surveys,  and  literally  spending  months  of  time  in 
constant  danger,  and  underwent  a  considerable  measure  of  hardship. 
That  experience  gave  him  the  faculty  of  observing  topographical 
conditions.  The  training  in  the  wilderness  also  gave  him  a  background 
of  courage,  and  of  a  certain  reticence  which  is  natural  to  a  man  who  lives 
much  in  the  wilds  alone,  and  which  can  hardly  be  explained  in  Washing- 
ton unless  we   attribute   these  qualities  to   that  early  experience. 

Physically,  Washington  of  course  was  wonderfully  endowed.  He 
was  from  6'  2''  to  6'  3^"  in  height;  a  man  of  prodigious  frame.  Probably 
he  was  never  afraid  of  any  man  or  anything  in  his  life.  He  seems  to 
have  never  been  afraid  in  any  emergency. 

We  know  nothing  about  his  countenance  in  his  early  years,  nothing 
whatever.  The  description  which  we  have,  comes  from  various  men  who 
saw  Washington  in  his  early  middle  life.  The  essential  points  are  very 
much  alike.  He  was  very  erect;  a  man  of  immense  physical  strength. 
He  had  blue  eyes,  which  must  have  had  a  touch  of  gray,  because  some 
who  saw  him  said  they  were  gray.  His  eyes  lit  up  when  he  was  interested 
so  that  they  seemed  to  penetrate  any  one  at  whom  he  looked.  His  eyes 
were  set  quite  far  apart;  his  brow  overhung.  In  later  years,  his  brow 
was  contracted  so  that  there  were  very  pronounced  wrinkles.  His  nose 
appears  to  have  been  of  no  particular  type, — large  and  rather  flat ;  his  lips 
were  almost  always  very  firmly  closed.  In  later  years,  when  he  had  his 
false  teeth,  the  under  jaw  was  thrown  out  so  that  it  naturally  changed  his 
earlier  appearance.  His  hair  was  brown  or  chestnut.  Long  after  the 
Revolution,  he  became  quite  bowed,  but  until  the  end  of  the  Revolution, 
he  was  physically  perfect,  magnificent;  he  could  not  be  tired  out.  He 
loved  to  ride  a  fast  horse.  He  loved  to  hunt  and  to  wrestle,  and  enjoyed 
all  out-door  sports.  The  only  weakness  ever  mentioned  about  him  was 
that  his  voice  was  not  strong. 

Starting  as  a  young  man,  favored  by  his  friendship  with  Lord  Fair- 
fax, surveying  for  several  years,  and  identified  with  the  militia,  he  came 
to  the  verge  of  the  Revolutionary  war.  A  thorough  athlete,  familiar  with 
warfare  in  a  small  way,  and  having  held  several  offices,  he  was  thoroughly 
equipped  for  larger  responsibilities.  Washington  was  very  much  a 
matter-of-fact  man.  There  is  a  whole  volume  in  this  statement.  He  was 
not  poetic  by  disposition  ;  he  was  not  romantic.  He  was  not  the  quiet 
individual  that  one  might  suppose,  from  the  Gilbert  Stuart  portrait  of  his 
later  days,  but  a  man  of  quick  temper  and  passionate.  He  was  intensely 
interested  in  money  matters,  and  in  the  course  of  his  surveying,  acquired 
thousands  of  acres  of  valuable  land.  Keen,  hard-headed,  shrewd,  he 
always  kept  track  of  the  shillings  and  the  pence;  he  was  very  exact  about 
paying  what  he  owed  ;  at  the  same  time,  he  wanted  whatever  was  due  him. 


WASHINGTON,  THE    MAN  47 

In  his  will,  he  said  his  debts  were  little,  but  he  waited  them  promptl}' 
paid.  .  In  later  years,  he  had  a  certain  literary  interest,  in  that  he  was 
much  interested  in  biography,  especially  in  Charles  XII  of  Sweden,  a 
very  great  man  in  the  world  of  his  time;  but  there  is  very  little  evidence 
that  Washington  was  ever  interested  in  the  fine  arts  or  polite  literature, 
or  other  elements  which  are  so  far  removed  from  business,  statecraft  or 
military  strategy. 

Washington  undertook  a  very  rash  expedition  at  the  outbreak  of  the 
French  and  Indian  war.  He  rushed  in  with  a  small  force,  was  compelled 
to  retire  and  finally  surrendered  at  Fort  Necessity.  He  had  tremendous 
personal  bravery.  With  one  companion,  he  took  a  trip  of  one  thousand 
miles  in  December,  through  the  wilderness  to  Lake  Erie  to  deliver  a 
message  to  the  French  Commandant. 

When  Washington  came  to  the  command  of  the  Revolutionary  army, 
it  was  a  natural  thing;  it  seemed  the  inevitable  thing;  he  was  well 
qualified  for  the  kind  of  warfare  it  was  possible  to  wage.  Politically  it 
was  necessary  to  have  the  South  in  command  of  the  army,  consequently 
they  turned  to  him  and  he  was  selected.  In  the  Braddock  disaster,  his 
great  personality  is  shown  ;  three  or  four  horses  were  shot  under  him 
and  a  bullet  went  through  his  coat.  He  saw  some  of  the  difficulties  of 
the  British  military  system  ;  he  saw  that  they  relied  on  the  formal  rules 
of  warfare.  Washington  was  not  wholly  untrained  in  military  science, 
as  some  books  say.  He  had  had  experience  in  Indian  fighting,  in  com- 
mand of  troops  during  the  French  and  Indian  war;  for  several  years  he 
had  charge  of  the  defence  of  the  out-posts  for  three  hundred  and  fifty 
miles,  to  keep  back  the  Indian  forays.  He  was  not  an  orator;  he  was 
not  quick  to  form  decisions ;  he  appears  on  the  whole  to  have  been  rather 
slow  and  deliberate  in  his  mental  processes.  We  do  know  that  in 
emergencies,  he  made  quick  decisions ;  when  he  had  opportunity,  he 
took  as  much  time  as  possible  before  making  his  final  decisions. 

Washington  was  a  remarkable  judge  of  human  nature.  The  selection 
of  his  military  subordinates  and  his  staff,  shows  that  point.  In  his  early 
days,  he  was  a  man  who  took  offense  with  extreme  readiness ;  he  even 
took  one  special  trip  to  Boston  to  see  the  English  commander-in-chief,  to 
be  sure  that  he  had  proper  authority  to  act.  He  resigned  his  commission 
on  one  occasion ;  he  refused  to  go,  in  the  Braddock  case,  under  the 
British,  but  Braddock  invited  him  to  go  on  his  personal  staff  as  an  ex- 
perienced man. 

Washington  is  one  of  the  most  wonderful  examples  of  self-control  in 
history.  During  the  Revolution,  there  are  many  instances  where  he 
became  very  angry.  At  Kipp's  Landing,  where  his  troops  turned  without 
firing  a  shot,  Washington  became  thoroughly  beside  himself,  displaying 
an  almost  uncontrollable  temper.  In  one  case,  one  of  the  generals  was 
guilty  of  insubordination.  He  followed  it  up  by  a  court  martial.  He 
was  a  great  disciplinarian.  At  the  Siege  of  Boston,  Washington  caused 
at  least  two  regimental  commanders  to  be  demoted  just  for  the  purpose  of 
discipline.     On  the  other  hand,  it  is  remarkable  to  observe  the  personal 


48  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

devotion  of  the  Generals  under  Washington  to  Washington  himself. 
One  prominent  point  in  his  character  is,  that  he  appears  always  to  have 
selected  the  very  best  ability  at  his  command.  That  is  seen  prominently 
in  his  selection  of  his  Cabinet  when  he  was  President.  He  was  always 
anxious  before  deciding  an  important  question,  to  get  both  sides.  How 
strongly  that  is  shown  when  he  had  Hamilton  and  Jefferson  about  him, 
who  took  opposite  views.  He  desired  to  get  the  best  that  could  be  had; 
he  desired  all  points  of  view;  then  made  the  decision  on  the  basis  of 
facts.  That  is  certainly  a  quality  of  great  statesmanship.  Washington 
was  a  man  who,  from  his  slowness  in  forming  his  final  judgment,  was 
unusually  able  to  be  just  and  that  is  a  very  prominent  characteristic  about 
him,  as  he  has  come  down  to  us.  The  justice  of  his  decisions  as  a 
constitutional  lawyer  is  noteworthy. 

Washington  rarely  made  a  speech.  He  was  a  fine  listener  and  a  man 
of  solid  judgment,  so  was  naturally  settled  upon  as  a  presiding  officer. 
The  brilliant  constructive  work  on  our  constitution  strictly  must  not  be 
attributed  to  George  Washington.  He  was  not  a  theorist  as  to  the  form 
of  government.  He  was  very  thoughtful  indeed,  but  not  a  man  to  con- 
struct a  system  like  the  constitution  of  the  United  States.  He  did  have  a 
wonderful  vision  of  the  future  possibilities  and  greatness  of  this  country. 
That,  of  course,  shows  statesmanship. 

As  a  business  man,  as  a  land  owner,  he  is  very  interesting.  His 
will  is  a  remarkably  interesting  document.  That  will  was  written  by 
Washington  in  July  before  he  died  in  December,  and  is  the  work  of  a  man 
of  sixty-seven.  He  had  so  many  things  built  into  his  life  that  when  he 
was  forty-five,  he  felt  he  was  an  old  man.  Yet,  he  was  a  man  of  tireless 
energy  and  courage. 

The  will  of  Washington  shows  many  interesting  sidelights  in  his 
character.  He  annexed  to  it  a  minute  schedule  of  the  entire  land  which 
he  had  purchased.  He  described  the  dirferent  parcels  ;  listed  the  sales 
made,  and  the  prices;  the  land  that  had  not  been  sold  and  the  selling 
price.  He  itemized  each  paicel,  carried  the  figures  forward,  and  at  the 
end  we  find  $530,000.  That,  in  1799,  was  a  tremendously  large  fortune. 
In  one  of  his  journals,  we  find  a  schedule  of  the  trees  on  his  place;  he 
enjoyed  the  country  life.  Such  a  man  was  bound  to  accumulate.  He  was 
extremely  shrewd  in  his  bargains;  ever  a  just,  but  a  hard,  trader.  In  his 
will  are  also,  however,  found  evidences  of  kindness  and  generosity.  He 
released  his  brother  financially.  To  his  Secretary,  he  gave  a  life  estate 
in  the  form  of  three  hundred  and  sixty  acres.  He  spoke  very  affection- 
ately of  his  negro  body  servant  and  if  he  wished  for  his  freedom,  he  was 
to  have  it  in  consideration  of  his  faithful  service  throughout  the 
Revolutionary  war. 

He  intended  to  establish  credits  for  education.  Twenty-five  thousand 
dollars  in  one  fund  was  to  go  to  one  institution  ;  ten  thousand  dollars  to 
another,  and  fifteen  thousand  dollars  to  another.  These  were  credits 
which  were  offered  to  Washington  by  the  Commonwealth  of  Virginia, 
but  which  he  had  rejected. 


WASHINGTON,  THE    MAN  49 

He  says  in  his  will  that  he  had  advanced  four  or  five  thousand  dollars 
for  the  education  of  two  of  his  nephews.  From  other  sources  we  learn 
t  hat  he  advanced  fully  fifty  thousand  dollars  for  carrying  on  the  Revolu- 
tion. He  served  absolutely  without  compensation  during  the  eight  years 
of  the  war,  and  he  made  it  a  life  principle  never  to  take  a  cent  for  public 
service. 

There  is  the  same  man  who  was  such  a  hard  trader,  so  severe,  and 
yet  in  another  way  so  generous.     He  was  extremely  patriotic. 

Washington  had  a  very  charming  married  life  of  forty  years  with  the 
Widow  Custis,  whom  he  married  at  the  age  of  twenty-seven.  In  his  will, 
we  find  provision  made  for  his  wife's  children  and  her  relatives,  just  as 
affectionately  as  if  they  had  been  of  his  own  blood.  There  are  many 
interesting  side  lights  to  be  had  from  a  consideration  of  his  will,  and  they 
all  tend  to  the  main  idea  that  he  was  by  nature  generous  and  hospitable  ; 
that  those  who  gained  his  friendship  were  very  dear  to  him.  He  was  a 
very  reserved  man.  His  enemies  said  he  was  cold,  distant  and  had  no 
heart  at  all,  but  the  facts  do  not  support  them.  He  complained  bitterly 
about  the  hardships  of  the  soldiers  at  Valley  Forge,  knowing  it  was  not 
the  fault  of  the  Colonists  that  kept  the  soldiers  from  having  blankets  and 
shoes,  but  the  fault  of  the  Continental  Congress.  In  his  personal  letters, 
he  shows  it  to  be  so.  With  regard  to  the  compensation  of  the  soldiers, 
he  spoke  very  strongly.  At  the  time  of  the  Newburg  address,  Washing- 
ton was  able  to  hold  the  loyalty  of  his  men,  even  against  the  great  short- 
age of  supplies  and  money;  and  through  Congressional  provision, 
arrangements  were  made  for  five  years'  pay  to  the  soldiers.  On  the  other 
hand,  Washington  was  not  a  man  to  fraternize  with  the  soldiers  ;  he  was 
a  strict  disciplinarian  ;  he  did  not  believe  in  familiarity  with  the  rank  and 
file.  Yet,  in  the  main,  he  was  interested  in  the  men.  We  have  some 
side  lights  in  his  Masonic  career  which  show  that  in  the  Masonic  meet- 
ings, he  was  very  diplomatic. 

The  larger  aspects  of  his  career  are  very  hard  to  summarize.  I 
believe  that  Washington's  development  was  entirely  logical  from  his 
youth  to  the  time  of  his  death.     He  lived  a  life  peculiarly  rich  in  activity. 

Washington  took  part  in  all  the  political  gatherings  ;  was  a  member 
of  the  House  of  Burgesses  ;  Assistant  Adjutant  General  of  Militia ;  fought 
in  the  French  and  Indian  war;  lived  as  a  country  gentlemen,  and  was 
then  called  into  the  Revolution.  In  1775,  he  wrote  that  he  abhorred 
independence,  but  when  it  came  to  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  he 
was  there  to  take  part.  He  also  attended  at  the  framing  of  the  constitu- 
tion, although  he  did  not  take  any  prominent,  active  part.  He  was  keen 
enough  to  see,  after  the  Revolution,  that  the  old  Confederacy  had  fallen 
away,  and  looked  to  a  central  government  to  make  taxation  effective, — a 
strong,  centralized  Federal  government,  and  at  the  time  he  was  elected 
President,  it  was  generally  agreed  that  he  was  the  man  for  the  position. 

We  are  all  familiar  with  the  fact  that  during  the  later  years  of  Wash- 
ington's administration,  he  was  subject  to  a  great  amount  of  abuse.  It  is 
hard  to  realize,  when  one  looks  at  his  quiet,  stately  home  in  Virginia, 


50  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

that  he  was  aot  merely  typical  of  a  period  of  high  education,  leisure  and 
refinement. 

Washington  was  a  man  of  untiring  industry  and  he  was  able  to 
exercise  that  industry  because  he  had  that  great  physique.  He  was  a 
man  of  immense  physical  drive,  of  immense  patience  and  industry. 
Those  qualities,  with  his  natural  coolness,  brought  him  the  greatest 
results  of  his  life.  If  one  cares  to  make  a  comparison  between  Hamilton 
and  Washington,  what  I  mean  can  be  seen.  Hamilton  more  or  less 
visionary,  extremely  brilliant,  with  a  legal  mind,  witty,  kind,  clever,  a 
politician,  and  yet  Hamilton  and  Washington  are  different  individuals. 
Washington  learned  a  great  deal  more  about  Hamilton  than  about  Jeffer- 
son. In  the  great  matters  like  the  United  States  Bank  and  the  Jay  Treaty, 
Washington  took  a  very  far  sighted  stand.  He  was  vilified  tremendously 
about  the  Jay  Treaty.  He  learned  that  we  must  act  for  ourselves.  He 
followed  that  idea  along  with  the  notion  that  it  was  necessary  for  this 
country  to  develop  its  own  resources  and  to  cut  itself  away  from  the 
struggles  in  Europe ;  we  must  have  an  independent  policy,  be  neutral  with 
European  affairs.  His  wisdom  in  taking  that  stand,  I  believe  cannot  be 
doubted.  Even  as  late  as  1812  though,  this  country  was  so  weak  that  we 
baiely  withstood  the  pressure. 

If  I  have  in  any  way  given  you  a  picture  of  Washington's  personality, 
I  have  left  with  you  the  impression  that  he  was  a  man  of  sound  judgment, 
a  very  keen  student  of  human  nature,  a  man  who,  in  his  early  years,  was 
intensely  human,  a  man  with  a  strong  temper,  one  who  loved  life,  one 
who  was  a  man  of  the  world,  one  who,  in  the  hard  school  of  practical 
experience,  learned  to  control  certain  elements  of  rashness  and  of  temper. 
Washington  was  a  most  reserved  man  in  the  sense  that  he  never  appears 
to  have  revealed  his  inner  motives  or  ideas.  I  am  not  aware  of  any  state- 
ment he  ever  made  which  can  be  said  to  be  his  philosophy  of  life.  He 
never  expressed  his  inner  thoughts  and  so  it  is  very  hard  to  arrive  at  any 
idea  of  what  he  thought  on  many  things. 

What  of  his  religion.''  Washington  spoke  of  divine  Providence.  In 
some  of  his  State  documents,  he  speaks  of  a  God.  As  a  formal  matter, 
Washington  was  a  member  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church.  He 
does  not  appear  to  have  speculated  about  the  hereafter;  he  died  with  per- 
fect calmness.  Whether  he  had  a  steadfast  confidence  in  immortality,  we 
cannot  tell.  Washington  was  essentially  a  man  of  action.  He  appears 
to  have  been  interested  in  his  farm,  in  his  properties,  in  his  home,  in  his 
family,  in  government.  A  wonderfully  great  man  ;  a  man  who  could 
strike  a  perfect  blow,  but  who  preferred  to  wait ;  essentially  a  man  of 
action,  of  wonderful  balance,  especially  from  the  middle  period  of  the 
Revolution.  Washington  became  very  much  discouraged  many  times 
during  the  Revolution,  but  he  fought  on  just  as  hard  as  ever;  he  was  tre- 
mendously disgusted  with  the  graft  and  corruption,  inefficiency  and  dis- 
sipation of  the  members  of  Congress  ;  he  felt  he  was  not  being  supported 
properly,  and  that  is  of  course  true.  This  tendency,  coupled  with  his 
military  ability,  naturally  threw  him  into  the  forefront  during  the  Revo- 


WASHINGTON,    THE    MAN  5' 

lutionary  period.  His  sobriety  of  judgment,  his  poise,  his  balance  during 
the  formative  years  while  he  was  President,  were  of  great  value  in  solidi- 
fying our  institutions.  He  stood  for  the  centralized  efforts  which  were 
made  and  which  I  believe  any  constitutional  lawyer  will  say  have  been  of 
the  most  vital  importance  in  the  great  crisis  of  our  national  life. 

It  is  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  years  to-morrow  since  he  died.  He 
was  born  in  1732  and  died  December  14,  1799,  and  we  have  had  time  for 
the  historical  perspective.  The  clash  of  important  contests  politically 
has  long  since  passed  away.  I  do  not  think  Washington  and  Lincoln 
can  be  compared.  The  two  men  are  entirely  different.  I  think  we  may 
say  that  Washington  is  one  of  the  most  remarkable  personalities  in  his- 
tory. It  is  quite  interesting  to  know  that  when  news  of  his  death  was 
received  in  Paris,  Napoleon  had  just  returned  from  Egypt,  and  the  flags 
of  the  French  army,  in  honor  of  Washington,  were  decorated  in  crepe, 
that  a  great  military  parade  was  held  in  the  Champ-de-Mars,  that  the 
notables  retired  to  a  near-by  building,  and  there,  a  French  orator, 
de  Fontanes,  designated  by  Napoleon,  gave  a  eulogy,  and  Talleyrand 
pointed  out  that  in  his  death  one  of  the  noblest  characters  that  had  ever 
lived,  had  come  to  an  end;  that  the  world  was  greatly  indebted  for  the 
experiences  and  contributions  which  had  been  made  to  civilization  by  the 
great  Washington.  So,  with  the  flags  of  the  English  Channel  fleet  dipped 
in  honor  of  Washington,  and  with  the  official  recognition  by  Napoleon 
and  by  the  French  government,  and  from  the  universal  mourning  in  this 
country  when  he  passed  away,  it  is  fair  for  us  to  say  that  Washington 
was  one  of  the  greatest  personalities  we  have  ever  had,  and  probably  one 
of  the  greatest  we  shall  ever  have. 


56  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 


SHAYS'S  REBELLION,  ITS  INCEPTION  AND  RESULTS 

A  paper  read  before  the  Lynn  Historical  Society,  November  13,  1924, 
by  Henry  A.  Sawyer 


Shays's  Rebellion,  so-called,  is  not  as  well  known  as  some 
other  events  that  have  taken  place  in  Massachusetts,  and  yet 
some  one  with  a  sense  of  its  importance  called  the  military 
operations  that  suppressed  it  "One  of  the  twelve  great  military 
campaigns  in  history."  That  may  be  a  slightly  exaggerated 
statement,  but  at  any  rate  it  was  a  very  serious  occurrence, — 
tragedy  in  fact, — though  with  many  amusing  incidents. 

The  insurrection  was  the  direct  result  of  the  distressing 
conditions  that  immediately  preceded  and  followed  the  Revolu- 
tionary War.  The  situation  was  aggravated  by  a  sort  of 
"hang-over"  from  the  Seven  Years  War.  The  people  had 
hardly  begun  to  recover  from  the  ill-effects  of  that  conflict  when 
the  Revolution  occurred,  adding  its  grievous  burdens  to  those 
they  had  previously  borne. 

Living  conditions,  in  the  rural  districts  especially,  were 
bad  enough  before  the  war  began,  but  when  it  was  over  they 
were  almost  intolerable.  There  was  deep-seated  and  far-reach- 
ing financial  distress.  Industry,  trade  and  commerce  were  de- 
moralized and  at  a  stand-still.  Agriculture  was  seriously 
damaged  by  the  war.  Farms  were  unproductive  and  would  not 
return  a  living.  Shipyards  were  deserted,  for  shii^ping  had 
been  driven  from  the  seas.  Many  hitherto  well-to-do  persons 
were  in  poverty  and  dire  distress.  It  was  a  situation  that 
caused  widespread  discontent,  and  a  spirit  of  unrest  was  preva- 
lent throughout  all  the  states.  While  it  found  expression  in 
murmurings  of  complaint  in  other  states,  no  serious  disturbances 
occurred  except  in  Massachusetts. 

In  the  Province  of  Maine,  as  elsewhere,  the  people  were 
very  much  wrought  over  the  situation.  Some  of  the  prominent 
citizens  favored  withdrawing  from  the  Union  and  establishing 
an  independent  state.  A  convention  was  held  in  Falmouth, 
now  Portland,  to  consider  the  feasibility  of  adopting  plans  for 


SHAYS'S    REBELLION  57 

such  a  movement.  The  delegates  met,  but  after  a  general  dis- 
cussion of  the  subject,  experienced  a  change  of  heart  and  the 
proposition  fell  through. 

A  similar  movement  occurred  in  the  South.  The  pioneer 
settlers  in  the  territory  that  is  now  included  in  the  State  of 
Tennessee,  seceded  from  North  Carolina  and  set  up  the  State  of 
Franklin, — sometimes  called  Frankland, — but  after  some  four 
years  of  troubled  experience  the  State  government  was  dissolved 
and  the  State  ceased  to  exist.  The  territory  reverted  to  North 
Carolina. 

In  Massachusetts,  however,  the  discontent  assumed  a  more 
serious  aspect,  and  soon  developed  to  alarming  proportions. 
This  was  due  to  the  fact  that  the  provocation  was  greater  in 
New  England  than  elsewhere,  and  especially  so  in  Massachu- 
setts. So  here  the  disaffection  increased  until  it  culminated  in 
open  and  armed  rebellion. 

But  when  you  stop  to  think  of  it,  that  wasn't  a  very  strange 
thing  to  happen  in  Massachusetts.  Resistance  to  something,  in 
those  days  at  least,  was  a  law  of  New  England  nature.  From 
the  earliest  beginnings,  the  people  were  quick  to  resent  any  real, 
or  even  fancied  grievances,  any  interference  with  their  rights  or 
liberties.  They  protested  and  rebelled  against  any  act  of  legis- 
lature, governor,  parliament  or  king,  which  they  considered 
burdensome,  unjust  or  unwise.  In  fact,  those  in  authority 
always  found  them  "a  stiff-necked  and  rebellious  people." 

Now  this  disturbing  condition  was  quite  prevalent  even 
before  the  close  of  the  war.  As  early  as  1781,  conventions 
were  held  in  various  towns  in  the  western  part  of  the  State,  to 
discuss  the  grievances  of  the  people,  to  cuss  the  avithorities  and 
any  others  who  were  believed  to  be  responsible  for  those  griev- 
ances, and  to  consider  measures  for  relief. 

One  Samuel  Bly,  was  an  early  and  ardent  promoter  of 
these  gatherings.  He  seems  to  have  been  a  self-annointed  and 
self-appointed  minister  of  the  Gospel,  but  for  his  evident  hypo- 
crisy and  lack  of  moral  principle  was  discredited  and  cast  out 
by  his  people  about  this  time.  He  was  a  loud-mouthed,  rant- 
ing demagogue, — a  "soap-box  orator"  of  his  day,  going  about 
the  State  haranguing  the  people  with  the  express  purpose  of 
inciting  them  to  riot  and  open  rebellion.      He  was  arrested  by 


58  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

the  authorities,  charged  with  being  a  disturber  of  the  peace,  and 
a  promoter  of  sedition,  pleaded  guilty,  was  sentenced  to  a  term 
of  imprisonment  at  Springfield,  and  some  time  later  dropped 
out  of  sight.  As  a  result  of  his  activities,  in  urging  the  people 
to  secure  redress  for  their  grievances, — by  force  if  necessary, — 
it  became  the  custom  for  mobs  to  gather  in  different  places  and 
create  disturbances,  but  with  no  apparent  object  in  view  other 
than  to  voice  their  protest  against  existing  conditions.  Some  of 
them,  however,  may  have  believed  these  lawless  proceedings 
would  frighten  local  and  State  authorities  into  some  course  of 
action  that  would  alleviate,  even  if  it  did  not  cure,  the  ills  with 
which  they  were  suffering.  But  there  was  no  union  of  forces, 
no  concerted  action  on  the  part  of  these  mobs.  Nor  was  the 
rebellion  itself  a  carefully  planned  movement.  It  was  rather  a 
sporadic,  a  spontaneous  uprising  against  the  government  on  the 
part  of  a  large  number  of  upright,  respected  citizens  over  a  con- 
siderable part  of  the  State. 

The  first  convention  of  real  importance  was  held  in  August, 
1786,  delegates  from  fifty  towns  in  Hampshire  County  conven- 
ing in  the  town  of  Hatfield.  It  was  voted  that  the  gathering 
was  a  "lawful  and  constitutional  assembly",  named  seventeen 
causes  for  the  heavy  burdens  lying  upon  the  people,  the  most 
important  being, — 

The  fees  and  practices  of  lawyers,  the  decisions  of  the 
Court  of  Common  Pleas,  burdensome  taxation   and  its 
unfair   distribution,    the  excessive  salaries  of  govern- 
ment officials,  the  scarcity  of  money,  and  the  collapse 
of  credit, — 
all  this,  to  quote  a  delegate,   "implying  that  it    was    scarcely 
possible    for    a    government    to    be    more    imperfect,  or  worse 
administered,  than  was  the  government  of  Massachusetts." 

The  delegates  listened  to  a  flow  of  more  or  less  impassioned 
oratory  for  three  days,  in  which  the  government  was  flayed  for 
allowing  the  cause  or  causes  of  their  troubles  to  continue,  the 
courts  denounced  as  "monstrous  agents  for  devouring  the  poor," 
and  the  lawyers  pleading  before  them  as  "tools  of  tyranny." 
Further,  the  people  were  urged  to  resist  the  decisions  of  the 
courts  in  the  collection  of  private  debts,  and  even  to  prevent  the 
courts,  whenever  possible,  from  holding  their  usual  sessions. 
The  convention  then  adjourned. 


SHAYS'S    REBELLION  59 

Other  conventions  were  held  in  various  towns,  conducted 
in  a  similar  manner  to  the  one  held  at  Hatfield,  but  with  no 
important  results. 

Suits  for  the  collection  of  private  debts  were  piling  up  so 
rapidly  that  not  half  the  cases  could  be  tried.  Lawyers  were 
almost  too  busy  to  eat  or  sleep.  It  is  said  that  "every  young 
man  became  an  attorney,  and  every  attorney  did  well, — 
financially."  So  prosperous  did  they  become  that  they  were 
denounced  as  "blood  suckers,  pick  pockets,  wind  bags,  and 
smooth  tongued  rogues."  Indeed  lawyers  were  considered  one 
of  the  grievances  from  which  the  people  suffered.  In  accord- 
ance with  the  statutes,  judges  were  imposing  jail  sentences  on 
delinquent  debtors,  most  of  whom  were  upright,  respected 
citizens,  but  without  resources  of  any  kind,  and  therefore 
unable  to  satisfy  the  demands  of  their  creditors.  So  the  anger 
of  the  people  waxed  hot  against  the  judiciary  and  the  legal  pro- 
fession, and  the  cry  was  raised.  "Down  with  the  courts  of 
law,  prevent  the  judges  from  acting,  and  hang  the  lawyers." 

Four  days  after  the  adjournment  of  the  Hatfield  convention, 
the  first  overt  act  of  the  rebellion  occurred.  On  the  day 
appointed  for  the  sitting  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  at 
Northampton,  a  mob,  numbering  by  different  estimates  from 
four  to  fifteen  hundred  men,  some  armed  with  swords,  some 
with  muskets,  and  some  with  bludgeons,  assembled  in  the  town. 
They  took  possession  of  the  grounds  adjoining  the  court  house 
and  notified  the  members  of  the  court  that  until  the  grievances 
of  the  people  were  redressed,  it  would  be  "inconvenient"  for 
sittings  of  the  court  to  be  held.  The  court  agreed  with  the  mob 
and  thereupon  adjourned  "without  day."  When  the  decision 
was  announced,  one  of  the  rioters  objected  to  the  words  "with- 
out day,"  "for,"  he  said,  "that  wouldn't  prevent  the  court  from 
sitting  at  night  if  it  saw  fit  to  do  so."  The  decision,  with  the 
objectionable  words,  however,  was  allowed  to  stand. 

As  a  result  of  this  defiance  of  the  courts.  Governor 
Bowdoin  immediately  issued  a  proclamation  demanding  of  all 
officers,  civil  and  military,  the  suppression  of  all  such  riotous 
proceedings,  and  he  also  ordered  a  special  session  of  the 
General  Court  to  take  such  further  action  as  should  be  deemed 
necessary. 


6o  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

And  here  is  an  interesting  sidelight  on  the  political  situation 
of  that  time.  John  Hancock  had  been  governor  of  the  State 
since  17S0,  but  resigned  the  office  early  in  the  year  1785  on  the 
plea  of  ill-health.  He  was  afflicted  with  what  was  called 
severe,  dramatic,  and  I  will  add,  convenient,  attacks  of  the 
gout.  Severe,  when  he  sometimes  feasted  not  wisely  but  too 
well,  —  dramatic,  when  the  affliction  could  be  used  to  gratify 
his  vanity, —  convenient,  when  he  needed  an  excuse  for  side- 
stepping a  disagreeable  duty.  There  was  doubtless  a  further 
reason  for  his  resignation,  however.  To  use  a  more  common 
than  scholarly  expression,  he  seemed  to  have  had  a  hunch  that 
trouble  was  brewing  and  that  it  was  the  part  of  political  dis- 
cretion to  get  under  cover  before  the  storm  should  break.  He 
was  quite  willing  that  James  Bowdoin,  a  rival  candidate  at  a 
former  election,  should  take  the  wheel  and  steer  the  ship  of 
state  while  the  foul  weather  he  saw  approaching  should  con- 
tinue. There  was  no  choice  by  popular  vote  at  the  election 
held  in  April,  1785,  and  Bowdoin  was  chosen  Governor  by  the 
General  Court. 

James  Bowdoin  was  a  well-to-do  Boston  merchant,  of  high 
character,  sound  judgment,  and  good  sense,  but  lacked,  (much 
to  his  credit),  the  qualities  that  contributed  to  Hancock's 
popularity.  He  seems  to  have  been  a  fearless,  energetic,  and 
able  public  official,  administering  the  office  of  Governor  during 
the  critical  period  we  are  considering,  with  courage  and  wisdom. 
The  suppression  of  the  rebellion  required  prompt  and  vigorous 
action  and  stern  measures,  but  Bowdoin  met  the  issue  success- 
fully. Throughout  all  the  troubles  that  beset  his  administration, 
he,  like  his  illustrious  successor  of  recent  days,  stood  for  law 
and  order,  and  had  faith  in  Massachusetts,  but  was  not  so 
fortunate.  The  defeat  of  Shays's  Rebellion  brought  his  public 
service  to  an  abrupt  end,  while  Governor  Coolidge  rode  to  the 
crest  of  his  political  career  on  the  wave  of  a  similar  circum- 
stance. He  was  re-elected  in  the  spring  of  1786,  and  in  mid- 
summer of  that  year  the  storm  which  Hancock  had  expected 
and  feared,  broke. 

The  defeat  of  the  rel>els  and  the  indications  of  returning 
prosperity,  so  revivified  Hancock  that  he  felt  it  was  safe  for  him 
to  reassume  the  responsibilities  of  office,  and  in  the  spring  of 


SHAYS'S    REBELLION  6l 

1787  he  defeated  Bowdoin,  who  sought  election  for  the  third 
time,  by  a  large  majority. 

To  return  to  the  story,  the  records  show  that  during  the 
next  four  months  the  insurgents  were  successful  in  their  efforts 
to  prevent  the  courts  from  holding  their  regular  sessions 
wherever  and  whenever  they  decided  to  do  so.  These  lawless 
proceedings  occurred  mostly  in  the  western  counties,  for  that 
part  of  the  State  was  a  hotbed  of  discontent  and  disloyalty.  In 
the  eastern  part  of  the  State,  the  spirit  of  unrest  was  less 
evident,  not  because  of  any  greater  virtue  or  patriotism,  I 
imagine,  but  because  the  people  here  had  less  cause  for  com- 
plaint. The  economic  burden  bore  most  heavily  on  the  rural 
population  then,  just  as  it  does  now,  and  doubtless  as  it  always 
will. 

The  rebellion  rapidly  grew  to  such  proportions  that 
Governor  Bowdoin  was  disposed  to  use  his  full  authority  to 
suppress  it,  but  before  he  could  take  action,  a  self-constituted 
committee  of  citizens  from  twenty-four  towns  assured  him  they 
could  pacify  the  rioters  by  a  conciliatory  policy  that  would  be 
sure  to  succeed.  He  took  them  at  their  word  and  counter- 
manded the  order  he  had  given  for  assembling  the  militia. 
That  committee  appointed  two  sub-committees, — one  to  wait 
on  the  insurgents, — the  other  to  confer  with  the  judges.  The 
committee  on  "rioters  and  rioting"  labored  for  some  hours  with 
Job  Shattuck  and  his  compatriots  only  to  receive  his  manifesto 
that  the  "voice  of  the  people",  he  being  their  authorized  mouth- 
piece, forbade  the  court  to  meet.  The  judges  had  gathered  in 
Jones'  tavern,  finding  refuge  within  its  sheltering  walls,  and 
renewed  courage  in  its  liquid  refreshments.  The  gathering 
insurgents,  filled  with  a  spirit  of  bravado  and  New  England 
rum,  paraded  before  the  tavern,  cursing  the  judges  and  uttering 
dire  threats.  The  committee  on  "judiciary  and  judicial  pro- 
ceedings" conferred  with  the  judges  in  the  tavern  and  was 
authorized  by  them  to  inform  the  rioters  with  proper  deference, 
that  after  considering  the  circumstances  with  due  deliberation, 
the  court  had  decided  not  to  sit. 

Besides  the  gatherings  of  mobs  already  mentioned,  different 
bodies  of  rebels  under  local  leaders,  assembled  at  Great 
Barrington,  Springfield,  and  Worcester,  the  courts  taking 
involuntary  vacations  during  their  presence  in  those  towns. 


62  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

At  Great  Barrington,  the  question  of  whether  the  court 
should  sit  or  not,  was  left  to  a  vote  of  the  opposing  forces. 
Those  who  were  in  favor  lined  up  on  one  side  of  the  road, — 
those  opposed  on  the  other.  The  court  lost  out  by  an  almost 
unanimous  vote,  as  it  was  doubtless  expected  they  would,  and 
the  very  remote  possibility  of  blood-shed  was  averted  by  this  bit 
of  yankee  diplomacy. 

At  Springfield,  the  court  house  was  garrisoned  by  three 
hundred  militia  under  General  Shepard,  while  the  insurgents 
were  led  by  Captain  Daniel  Shays.  He  either  assumed  com- 
mand, or  was  chosen  commander-in-chief,  of  the  insurgent 
army,  and  Captain  Luke  Day,  of  Springfield,  by  the  same 
uncertain  and  unrecorded  process,  became  his  lieutenant  or 
second  in  command.  These,  with  a  few  other  officers,  among 
whom  were  Adam  Wheeler,  Eli  Parsons,  and  Job  Shattuck, 
constituted  the  staff.  In  fact,  that  was  aoout  the  limit  of  the 
members  of  the  army  who  possessed,  or  just  thought  they 
possessed,  the  qualities  for  leadership.  The  result  of  the 
meeting  was,  that  the  militia  and  the  rebels  assumed  threatening 
attitudes,  but  neither  side  seemed  to  be  in  a  fighting  mood  and 
a  few  days  later  both  armies  pulled  up  stakes,  or  struck  tents, 
as  the  case  may  be,  and  peacefully  retired  from  the  field. 

At  Worcester,  the  authorities  made  no  effort  to  protect  the 
court,  and  it  was  therefore  prevented  from  meeting  by  a  body  of 
insurgents  which  had  assembled  there.  It  is  said  that  some 
members  of  the  court,  led  by  Sheriff  Greenleaf ,  came  out  and 
stood  before  the  crowd,  urging  them  to  disband  peacefully  and 
cease  their  defiance  of  law  and  order.  The  sheriff,  with  some 
show  of  dignity,  read  the  riot  act,  also  the  Governor's  proclam- 
ation demanding  the  suppression  of  all  riotous  proceedings,  after 
which  he  personally  warned  the  rebels  of  the  folly  of  their  evil 
way.  The  crowd  listened  for  a  while  with  evident  good  nature, 
and  then  some  one  interrupted  him,  saying,  that  he  and  his 
excessive  fees  were  offensive  to  the  people  and  were  the  partial 
cause  of  their  trouble.  The  sheriff  replied  "if  you  think  my 
fees  for  criminal  executions  are  oppressive,  then  I'll  be  only  too 
glad  to  hang  every  one  of  you  entirely  free  of  charge."  It  is 
not  recorded  that  any  one  took  advantage  of  the  offer.  The 
mob  finally  dispersed,  neither  side  suffering  physical  injury. 


SHAYS'S    REBELLION  63 

Troops  from  Boston  and  Groton  had  broken  up  the  insur- 
rection in  Middlesex  county,  had  captured  Shattuck  and  some 
of  the  other  leaders  and  taken  them  to  the  Suffolk  jail.  This 
so  angered  the  rebels  that  Shays  threatened  to  march  upon  Bos- 
ton to  rescue  the  imprisoned  leaders,  and  urged  everybody  who 
favored  the  movement  to  meet  him  there.  This  threat  proved  a 
somewhat  painful  shock  to  Boston's  sense  of  security,  as  a  result 
of  which  the  town  was  put  under  martial  rule,  cannon  were 
mounted  on  Fort  Hill,  and  the  Governor  was  anxiously  besought 
to  make  preparations  for  effectively  and  completely  stamping 
out  the  rebellion.  Thoughtful  and  law-abiding  people  became 
alarmed  at  its  progress,  and  felt  it  had  now  reached  such  pro- 
portions that  it  was  absolutely  necessary  to  suppress  it  or  chaos 
would  reign  throughout  the  State. 

For  some  reason,  possibly  for  no  reason, — perhaps  it  just 
happened, — Shays  abandoned  his  threatened  attack  on  Boston 
and  gave  his  full  attention  to  affairs  nearer  at  hand  In  early 
December  he  established  his  headquarters  at  Rutland,  probably 
in  some  barracks  built  during  the  Revolution,  planning  and 
directing  the  operations  of  his  army  which  now  numbered  about 
2000  men.  Winter  had  set  in,  but  Shays  and  his  men  made 
frequent  trips  to  and  around  Worcester  while  the  weather  held 
good,  foraging  for  supplies,  and  incidentally  giving  the  inhabi- 
tants a  fright,  but  they  created  no  serious  trouble. 

The  pacific  policy  which  Governor  Bowdoin  had  been 
pursuing,  meeting  with  little  or  no  success,  he  now  felt  it  high 
time  to  take  severe  measures  to  bring  the  rebellion  to  an  end. 
So,  as  commander-in-chief  of  the  State  forces,  he  called  out  the 
entire  militia,  about  4400  men  responding.  They  gathered  at 
Boston  and  Worcester;  Major-General  Benjamin  Lincoln,  the 
senior  Major-General  in  the  State,  was  placed  in  command,  and 
ordered  to  "apprehend,  disarm,  and  secure  all  who  in  a  hostile 
manner  should  attempt  the  destruction,  invasion,  detriment,  or 
annoyance  of  the  Commonwealth,  and  particularly  those  in 
arms  in  Worcester,  Hampshire  and  Berkshire  counties." 

General  Lincoln,  called  the  most  distinguished  Massachu- 
setts officer  in  the  Revolutionary  War,  was  born  in  Hingham, 
where  he  died  and  was  buried.  Although  he  had  no  military 
education    and  was   without   experience    in    warfare,  he   was 


64  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

appointed  a  Major  General  in  the  Continental  Army.  His  bio- 
grapher says  that  while  he  was  almost  uniformly  unfortunate  in 
the  military  movements  that  he  led,  he  was  nevertheless  one  of 
the  most  popular,  useful,  and  highly  trusted  officers  in  the 
American  army.  His  good  sense,  firmness,  and  discretion,  his 
perseverance,  his  devotion  to  the  cause,  were  solid  qualities, 
worth  more  than  the  most  brilliant  achievements  in  the  field. 
He  commanded  the  expedition  that  cleared  Boston  Harbor  of 
British  vessels,  and  won  distinction  through  his  management  of 
the  New  England  militia  in  the  Saratoga  campaign.  While  he 
was  extremely  unfortunate  in  the  campaign  in  South  Carolina, 
he  nevertheless  enjoyed  the  confidence  of  General  Washington 
and  as  Washington's  representative  received  the  sword  of  Com- 
wallis  when  he  surrendered  at  Yorktown.  He  was  Secretary 
of  War  from  1781  to  1784,  and  received  a  vote  of  thanks  from 
Congress  (not  over-much  of  an  honor,)  on  his  retirement.  He 
was  elected  Lieutenant  Governor  of  Massachusetts  in  1787  and 
1788,  but  found  the  job  rather  unpleasant  while  the  vain,  narrow, 
irritable  and  jealous  Hancock  was  Governor.  He  was  Collector 
of  the  Port  of  Boston  from  1789  to  1808,  and  died  after  a  long 
and  useful  life  spent  almost  entirely  in  the  public  service. 

This  small  army  of  4400  men  which  Lincoln  was  to  lead, 
was  mobilized  at  Worcester,  January  19,  1787,  primarily  to 
protect  the  sittings  of  the  court.  Shays  was  aware  of  the  move- 
ment and  hastily  transferred  his  forces  to  Springfield  hoping  to 
get  possession  of  the  government  arsenal  and  secure  additional 
arms  before  Lincoln  should  arrive.  General  Shepard  was 
defending  it  with  a  small  force  of  11 00  men  while  Shays  had 
1900  to  oppose  him.  And  here  is  another  amusing  incident,  if 
true,  of  a  kind  peculiar  to  this  particular  rebellion.  It  is  stated 
that  General  Shepard  sent  messengers  to  meet  Shays  and  learn 
if  possible  what  he  intended  to  do.  Shays  told  them  very  frankly 
that  he  intended  to  take  the  hill  on  which  the  arsenal  stood,  and 
that  he  would  lodge  in  the  barracks  that  night.  One  of  the 
messengers  replied  that  if  he  undertook  to  do  so  he  would  lodge 
in  heaven  or  hell,  he  didn't  know  which,  but  being  a  well-dis- 
posed person  he  hoped  it  would  be  in  heaven. 

A  little  later  the  insurgents  approached  the  arsenal  and 
halted  long  enough  for  General  Shepard  to  warn  them  that  he 


SHAYS'S    REBELLION  65 

would  fire  on  them  if  they  continued  to  advance.  His  warning 
was  unheeded,  however,  so  he  ordered  his  one  field  piece  to  be 
fired  over  their  heads.  This  did  not  stop  the  rebels.  They 
marched  steadily  on  until  within  150  yards  of  the  militia,  when 
Shepard  ordered  the  gun  trained  on  them.  At  the  first  shot, 
three  men  were  killed,  and  one  mortally  wounded.  Screaming 
"murder,"  Shays'smen  fled  in  disorder.  Had  Shepard  cared  to 
do  so,  he  could  have  slain  the  greater  part  of  them  before  they 
could  have  escaped,  but  in  firing  upon  these  men,  many  of 
whom  had  been  his  comrades  in  the  Revolution,  he  was  per- 
forming a  most  painful  duty,  and  was  glad  enough  to  let  them 
escape  without  further  loss  of  life.  And  so  was  spilled  the  first 
blood  in  the  first  real  encounter  that  occurred  in  this  unfortunate 
and  regrettable  affair. 

The  only  casualty  the  militia  seemed  to  have  suffered,  was 
from  an  accident  that  befell  one  John  Chaloner,  who  served  as 
a  Sergeant  of  Artillery  under  General  Shepard,  in  defence  of 
the  arsenal.  He  had  the  direction  of  a  cannon,  which,  upon  the 
approach  of  Shays  and  his  party  to  attack,  was  accidentally 
discharged,  whereby  he  lost  both  arms  and  his  eyesight,  and 
was  otherwise  maimed.  Because  of  these  injuries,  it  was 
ordered  by  the  General  Court  that  he  should  be  paid  fifteen 
pounds  specie  out  of  the  treasury  of  the  Commonwealth,  also 
the  expense  of  curing  his  wounds,  and  three  pounds  a  month 
until  further  order  of  the  General  Court.  Sometime  later,  an 
additional  three  pounds  a  month  was  granted  him. 

Shays  gathered  his  scattered  forces  together  and  planned  to 
renew  the  attack  the  next  day,  but  changed  his  mind,  sending 
instead,  a  sort  of  petition  to  Gen.  Lincoln,  who  he  knew  was 
moving  tow^ards  Springfield,  proposing  terms  on  which  he 
would  be  willing  to  call  the  rebellion  off.  Gen.  Lincoln,  with 
his  small  army,  arrived  two  days  later  and  took  command  of 
the  town.  Gen.  Shepard  thereupon  moved  upon  the  rebels, 
who  fled  up  the  Connecticut  river  through  Chicopee,  South 
Hadley,  and  Amherst,  stopping  on  the  way  only  long  enough  to 
loot  some  houses,  and  at  last  made  their  camp  on  the  bleak  hills 
of  Pelham.  Gen.  Lincoln  decided  that  conditions  were  unfavor- 
able for  further  pursuit  and  combining  his  forces  with  those  of 
Gen.  Shepard,  moved  over  to  the  town  of  Hadley. 


66  LYNN    HISTORICAL   SOCIETY 

The  day  following,  January  30th,  Gen.  Lincoln  sent  Shays 
a  letter  in  which  he  summoned  him  to  surrender.  It  is  well 
worth  reading,  and  is  in  part  as  follows  : — 

"Whether  you  are  convinced  or  not  of  your  error  in  flying 
to  arms,  I  am  fully  persuaded  that  before  this  hour,  you  must 
have  the  fullest  conviction  upon  your  own  minds,  that  you  are 
not  able  to  execute  your  original  purpose. 

Your  resources  are  few,  your  force  is  inconsiderable,  and 
hourly  decreasing  from  the  disaffection  of  your  men  ;  you  are 
in  a  post  where  you  have  neither  cover  nor  supplies,  and  in  a 
situation  in  which  you  can  neither  give  aid  to  your  friends,  nor 
discomfort  to  the  supporters  of  good  order  and  government. 

Under  these  circumstances,  you  cannot  hesitate  a  moment 
to  disband  your  deluded  followers.  If  you  should  not,  I  must 
approach  and  apprehend  the  most  influential  characters  among 
you.  Should  you  attempt  to  fire  upon  the  troops  of  the  govern- 
ment, the  consequences  must  be  fatal  to  many  of  your  men  the 
least  guilty.  To  prevent  bloodshed,  you  will  communicate  to 
your  privates,  that  if  they  will  instantly  lay  down  their  arms, 
surrender  themselves  to  government,  and  take  and  subscribe 
the  oath  of  allegiance  to  the  Commonwealth,  they  shall  be 
recommended  to  the  General  Court  for  mercy. 

If  you  should  either  withhold  this  information  from  them 
or  suffer  your  people  to  fire  upon  our  approach,  you  must  be 
answerable  for  all  the  ills  which  may  exist  in  consequence 
thereof." 

Shays  replied  by  letter,  "bidding  defiance,"  as  some  one 
remarked  "to  Government,  to  grammar,  and  to  spelling,"  and 
under  cover  of  a  parley  withdrew  his  forces  to  Petersham  where 
he   found  comfortable  shelter  and  a  good  supply  of  food. 

News  of  Shays's  change  of  base  was  brought  to  Gen. 
Lincoln  late  in  the  day  but  he  immediately  started  in  pursuit. 
The  evening  was  mild,  with  no  indication  of  a  storm,  but  at 
midnight  the  wind  changed  to  the  north-east,  bringing  extreme 
cold  and  driving  snow.  The  way  lay  over  a  high  country, 
thinly  settled,  and  with  few  trees.  If  the  troops  went  on,  they 
were  exposed  to  the  full  force  of  wind  and  snow.  If  they  stood 
still,  flesh  and  blood  could  not  long  endure  the  cold  So  they 
struggled  on  all  night  long  and  reached  Petersham  at  nine 
o'clock  in  the  morning,  covering  thirty  miles  in  thirteen  hours, 
most  of  them  frost  bitten,  and  all  completely  exhausted.  If 
these  men  had  not  been   accustomed  to  the  severity  and  hard- 


SHAYS'S    REBELLION  6'J 

ships  of  New  England  winters, — if  their  loyalty  to  the  State 
had  wavered, — this  remarkable  and  heroic  task  could  not  have 
been  accomplished. 

The  arrival  of  the  troops  without  warning  took  the  rebels 
by  surprise.  The  severity  of  the  weather  and  the  extreme 
difficulty  of  moving  troops  had  given  Shays  and  his  men  a  feel- 
ing of  security.  Sheltered  and  well  fed  as  they  were,  they  could 
easily  have  destroyed  this  body  of  weary,  hungry,  and  half- 
frozen  militia,  but  they  were  so  amazed  at  their  appearance 
that  they  fled  in  a  panic  through  a  narrow  lane  that  led  to  Athol, 
leaving  to  the  enemy  their  well-warmed  quarters  and  abundant 
supply  of  food.  They  scattered,  firing  hardly  a  shot,  and  with 
the  exception  of  about  one  hundred  and  fifty  taken  prisoners, 
all,  including  the  leaders,  escaped.  Shays  travelling  north-west 
reached  the  Sandgate  valley,  in  Vermont,  near  the  New  York 
State  line,  and  remained  in  hiding  for  years  not  far  from  the 
town  of  Arlington. 

Thus  within  a  fortnight  from  the  time  of  taking  the  field, 
and  in  the  depth  of  a  severe  winter,  Lincoln  had  traversed  a 
great  part  of  the  interior  of  the  State,  had  dispersed  two  collec- 
tions of  insurgents,  taken  many  prisoners,  and  entirely  crushed 
the  rebellion  on  the  east  side  of  the  Connecticut  River,  without 
a  drop  of  blood  being  shed  by  the  troops  under  his  immediate 
command.  This  was  the  real  end  of  the  insurrection,  but  small 
parties  of  insurgents  who  refused  to  surrender,  and  who  escaped 
capture,  kept  up  a  sort  of  guerilla  warfare  for  some  months. 
This  finally  ceased  but  not  before  a  serious  battle  took  place  in 
Sheffield,  when  more  lives  were  lost  on  both  sides  than  in  any 
other  engagement  during  the  rebellion. 

On  the  1 2th  day  of  September,  1787,  a  little  more  than  a 
year  after  the  outbreak  of  hostilities,  Governor  Hancock  dis- 
missed the  troops  and  announced  that  peace  and  tranquillity 
now  obtained  throughout  the  Commonwealth. 

How  to  deal  with  the  rebels  was  a  problem  the  authorities 
found  hard  to  solve.  Now  that  the  trouble  was  over  many  felt 
that  a  full  pardon  should  be  granted  to  all.  Others  counselled 
severe  punishment  of  the  leaders  at  least.  Sam  Adams  opposed 
the  pardon  of  the  convicted  leaders,  and  urged  that  all  should 
be  punished.     *'In  monarchies,"  he  said,  "the  crime  of  treason 


68  LYNN   HISTORICAL   SOCIETY 

and  rebellion  may  admit  of  being  pardoned,  but  the  man  who 
dares  to  rebel  against  the  laws  of  a  republic  ought  to  suEfer 
death."  It  is  interesting  to  note  just  here,  that  Thomas  Jeffer- 
son held  views  not  only  radically  opposite  to  those  held  by 
Adams,  but  tliey  were  extremely  radical  views.  He  believed 
that  "a  little  rebellion  now  and  then  is  a  good  thing,"  When 
he  heard,  in  France,  that  the  farmers  of  Western  Massachusetts 
had  resorted  to  arms  in  protest  of  burdensome  taxation,  he  wrote 
James  Madison,  saying,  "God  forbid  that  we  should  ever  be 
twenty  years  without  such  a  rebellion.  What  country  can  pre- 
serve its  liberties  if  its  rulers  are  not  warned  from  time  to  time 
that  this  people  preserve  the  spirit  of  resistance  ?  Let  them  take 
arms.  What  signify  a  few  lives  lost  in  a  century  or  two  ?  The 
tree  of  liberty  must  be  refreshed  from  time  to  time  with  the 
blood  of  patriots  and  tyrants." 

The  majority  of  the  people  were  not  in  sympathy  with  the 
extreme  views  of  Adams,  and  all  the  insurgents  who 
surrendered  or  were  captured  escaped  punishment.  It  is  true 
that  fourteen  persons  were  sentenced  to  death,  but  none  of  the 
sentences,  and  obviously,  therefore,  none  of  the  rebels,  were 
executed.  It  is  somewhere  recorded  that  the  only  one  who 
was  punished  was  Moses  Harvey,  a  member  of  the  House  of 
Representatives,  and  likewise  of  the  insurgent  army,  he  being 
compelled  to  sit  upon  the  gallows  with  a  rope  around  his  neck, 
pay  a  fine  of  fifty  pounds,  and  give  bonds  for  his  good  behaviour 
for  the  next  five  years.  And  one  writer  adds,  "it  is  a  pity  that 
legal  inflictions  of  this  character  have  so  far  gone  out  of  fashion 
that  they  cannot  be  held  up  as  a  warning  before  some  of  the 
legislators  of  a  later  day." 

I  find  the  name  of  the  leader  of  the  rebellion  is  sometimes 
written  "Sha}"  but  usually  it  is  "Shays."  In  signing  his  name 
he  used  the  latter  form  as  shown  by  his  signature  on  a  promis- 
sory note.  Tliere  appears  in  Avery's  History  a  photographic 
reproduction  of  a  note  given  by  him  as  follows  : — 

"Pelham.  Feb'y  23d,  17S6. 

Rec'd  of  John  Bright  two  Pairs  Mens  Shoes 
for  which  I  promise  to  Deliver  him  fourteen 
lbs.   good  Flax  on  Demand. 

(Signed)  Daniel  Shays." 

The  final   letter  in  the  signature  is  distinctly   an   "s." 


SHAYS's    REBELLION  69 

The  leading  spirits  in  the  actual  warfare  were  Daniel 
Shays,  in  whose  honor,  or  to  whose  shame,  according  to  one's 
view  of  the  affair,  the  insurrection  was  named, — Luke  Day, 
Job  Shattuck,  Eli  Parsons,  and  Adam  Wheeler.  All  but 
Shattuck  were  declared  by  the  Governor  to  be  traitors.  A 
reward  of  150  pounds  was  offered  for  the  apprehension  of 
Shays  and  100  pounds  for  each  of  the  others.  Three  of  the 
five,  Shattuck,  Parsons  and  Wheeler,  may  be  erased  from  the 
picture  without  further  mention, 

Luke  Day  is  worthy  of  more  notice  than  time  will  allow. 
He  was  born  in  West  Springfield  of  "well-to-do"  but  never- 
theless honest  and  respectable  parents,  at  least,  as  far  as  we 
know.  He  acquired  the  average  education  of  those  early  times, 
and  appears  to  have  been  Shays 's  superior  in  many  respects. 
As  a  youth  he  was  interested  in  military  affairs, — at  the  opening 
of  the  Revolutionary  war  he  received  a  Captain's  commission  in 
the  Continental  Army,  served  with  honor  until  the  war  closed, 
and  returned  home  a  Major  by  brevet.  Although  second  in 
command  during  the  insurrection,  he  failed  to  support  Shays  on 
a  critical  occasion, — whether  from  design  or  necessity  no  one 
knows,  nor  is  it  of  importance.  He  believed  himself  better  fitted 
than  Shays  for  command  of  the  army  and  before  the  revolt  had 
been  long  under  way  tried  to  find  a  favorable  chance  to  supplant 
him.  He  was  among  those  who  escaped  capture  and  fled  to 
New  York.  After  enduring  the  vicissitudes  of  poverty,  and,  to 
quote  one  writer,  "suffering  extremely  from  gout,"  (the  same  as 
John  Hancock),  a  disease  difficult  to  reconcile  with  poverty, 
he  died  in  1801,  at  the  age  of  fifty-eight. 

Daniel  Shays  was  born  in  Hopkinton,  of  extremely  poor, 
but  presumably  honest  parents.  So  very  poor  were  they  that 
the  family  was  kept  together  only  by  the  aid  of  kindly 
neighbors,  who,  in  time  of  stress,  supplied  them  with  the  necessi- 
ties of  life.  This  poverty  prevented  the  boy  from  obtaining  even 
an  ordinary  school  education.  He  possessed  a  fairly  good 
mind,  however,  with  a  bent  toward  military  service.  The  war 
for  independence  began  when  he  was  twenty-eight  years  of  age, 
and  he  joined  the  Continental  army  with  the  rank  of  Ensign. 
Later,  he  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Lieutenant, — recruited  a 
company  for  active  service, — and  received    a    Captain's   com- 


70  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

mission  in  1779.  At  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill,  at  the  storming 
of  Stony  Point,  and  the  capture  of  General  Burgoyne,  he  did 
gallant  service,  bore  an  honorable  scar  received  in  battle,  and 
was  discharged  from  the  service  in  17S0.  Why  he  failed  to 
serve  until  the  close  of  the  war,  no  one  knows.  After  learning 
of  his  pardon  by  the  Government  for  the  part  he  took  in  the  in- 
surrection, he  returned  from  his  exile  in  Vermont,  stayed  in 
Massachusetts  for  a  while,  then  moved  with  his  aged  wife  to 
Sparta,  New  York,  where  he  died  in  1835  at  the  age  of  seventy- 
eight.  During  the  last  five  years  of  his  life,  he  recei\ed  a  small 
pension  from  the  Government. 

As  to  Captain  Shays's  ability,  sincerity  of  purpose  and  moral 
character,  there  is  a  divergence  of  opinion  among  those  who 
have  written  of  this  affair.  Nor  is  it  strange  there  should  be, 
for,  before  the  rebellion  he  was  an  unknown  man,  lacking 
wealth,  education,  and  therefore  prominence.  J.  G.  Holland 
in  his  History  of  Western  Massachusetts,  said  that  he  was  an 
ambitious  man,  but  lacking  in  moral  principle,  had  no  sense  of 
honor,  and  was  ready  to  embark  in  any  enterprise  that  seemed 
to  promise  enhancement  of  his  personal  fortunes.  Whether  this 
is  so  or  not,  I  do  not  know,  but  it  seems  probable  that  Shays 
was  neither  better  nor  worse  than  the  average  man,  for  he 
appears  to  have  possessed  in  a  measure,  certain  admirable  quali- 
ties, combined,  it  is  true,  with  others  that  were  not  so  admirable. 
But  when  you  stop  to  think  of  it,  most  people  are  made  up  in 
pretty  much  the  same  way,  the  predominant  qualities  varying, 
of  course,  in  individual  cases. 

I  have  mentioned  the  fact  that  Shays  after  his  defeat,  fled 
to  Vermont  and  hid  himself  in  the  Sandgate  valley.  It  was  not 
far  from  the  town  of  East  Arlington,  the  home  since  her  child- 
hood, of  Mrs.  Dorothy  Can  Held  Fisher.  An  article  on  Daniel 
Shays,  written  by  her  and  published  in  the  New  York  Outlook, 
and  incorporated  in  her  recent  book,  is  the  only  thing  of  real 
human  interest  relating  to  him  that  I  have  been  able  to  find.  It 
is  an  interesting  and  pathetic  story  of  a  man  whose  last  years 
were  filled  with  bitter  disappointment  and  suffering,  because  of 
the  defeat  of  a  movement  to  secure  redress  for  the  grievances  of 
the  people,  in  which  he  played  the  most  prominent  part.  In 
this  article,  Mrs.  Fisher  speaks  of  him   as  an   active,  ambitious 


SHAYS'S    REBELLION  7 1 

and  intelligent  man,  of  powerful  will  and  strong  self-control. 
In  asking  Mrs.  Fisher  for  the  source  of  the  information  on 
which  her  article  was  based,  she  replied,  in  pnrt,  as  follows  : — 

"It  was  the  recollection  of  the  story  told  me  many  times 
when  I  was  a  little  girl  by  the  old  people  of  our  valley.  The 
general  color  of  the  tradition  gave  me  the  in^pression  that,  in 
years  after  he  came  out  of  his  hiding  and  lived  in  East  Arling- 
ton, he  was  respected  by  his  neighbors,  and  spoken  of  as  a  man 
of  character  and  force." 

The  substance  of  the  story  is,  that  Shays,  after  his  defeat, 
travelled  at  night  and  on  foot  until  he  reached  a  remote  part 
of  Sandgate  Valley,  where  he  lived  for  many  years  in  complete 
exile.  His  food  was  fish  and  game  and  the  products  of  a  small 
piece  of  ground  that  he  tilled.  He  was  so  afraid  of  capture 
by  officers  of  the  law,  that  he  avoided  meeting  any  human 
except  when  absolutely  necessary.  A  few  families  in  the 
valley  were  quite  used  to  the  knowledge  that  a  stranpe,  silent, 
but  harmless  old  man  was  living  up  in  the  woods  near  the 
northern  pass  over  the  mountains,  miles  from  any  neighbor. 
Once  in  a  great  while  someone  saw  him, — a  hunter  far  on  the 
trail  of  a  deer,  a  boy  fishing,  or  a  group  of  women  picking 
berries.  One  day  a  number  of  years  after  he  went  into  hiding, 
his  nearest  neighbor,  suspecting  him  to  be  a  fugitive,  told  him 
in  kindness  that  he  might  as  well  quit  hiding,   saying: — 

"Whatever  'tis  you've  done,  'tis  long  past  now. 
And  up  here — nobody  from  your  part  of  the  country, 
wherever  'tis,  would  ever  be  coming  up  here.     And 
if  ihey  did  they  wouldn't  know  you  now." 

Taking  courage  from  this,  Shays,  a  few  weeks  later,  went 
to  Cambridge,  the  nearest  town  to  the  mountain  settlements. 
It  was  long  after  the  rebellion  had  failed  and  most  people  had 
forgotten  him.  His  family  and  friends  had  petitioned  for  his 
pardon  on  the  ground  that  he  must  be,  if  still  living,  an  old 
man,  quite  harmless,  and  that  it  would  only  be  decent  to  let 
him  come  back  to  spend  his  last  days  in  his  old  home.  If  he 
were  dead,  it  would  clear  his  name  and  straighten  out  certain 
complications  about  his  property.  His  pardon  was  proclaimed, 
and  notices  were  published  in  the  Ainerican  newspapers,  inform- 
ing him  that  he  could  return.     The  news  did  not  reach  him. 


72  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

for  no  newspapers  found  their  way  up  the  Sandgate  Valley 
at  that  time.  His  kinspeople  had  no  positive  knowledge,  but 
believed  he  had  fled  to  Vermont  after  his  defeat,  and  a  year 
after  the  pardon  was  granted  his  brother-in-law  took  the  long 
journey  up  there  to  try  to  find  him  Shays  had  hidden  himself 
so  well,  however,  that  the  quest  was  almost  hopeless.  After 
travelling  about  for  some  time  he  at  last  rode  into  Cambridge, 
just  over  the  New  York  line,  and  as  night  had  come  on,  he  put 
up  at  the  Inn.  Meanwhile,  by  a  strange  coincidence.  Shays 
was  on  his  way  to  Cambridge  also,  travelling  on  foot,  over 
the  first  road  he  had  seen  since  he  fled  along  the  roads  of  Massa- 
chusetts years  before.  The  instinct  to  hide  had  deformed  his 
whole  nature  so  that  the  bold  soldier  and  leader  of  men  passed 
tremblingly  along  the  way.  He  reached  Cambridge  in  the 
early  morning,  his  brother-in-law  having  arrived  the  night 
before.  He  sat  down  on  a  bench  in  front  of  the  kitchen  door 
of  the  Inn  to  rest.  The  door  was  open.  Turning  his  head 
to  glance  into  the  kitchen,  he  saw  a  man  come  in  and  heard 
him  say, — "1  stepped  in  to  ask  if  any  of  you  had  ever  heard 
whether  Colonel  Shays  was  ever  heard  of  in  this — " 

The  old  man  stopped  to  hear  no  more  but  running  madly 
for  his  life,  fled  back  to  his  den  in  the  woods.  A  whole  decade 
passed  after  this  occurrence  before  he  happened  to  learn  in  a 
conversation  overheard  between  two  trappers,  that  for  eleven 
priceless,  irreplaceable  years  he  had  been  a  free  man.  So,  in 
substance,  is  the  story  said  to  have  been  told  by  Col.  Shays  him- 
self, to  his  friends  and  neighbors  in  East  Arlington,  and  retold 
by  the  older  people  to  Mrs.  Fisher  when  she  was  a  little  girl. 

Now  we  have  seen  that  the  immediate  cause  of  this  seem- 
ingly trivial  event,  this  tempest  in  a  teapot,  was,  primarily,  the 
imposition  of  burdensome  taxes  resulting  in  a  condition  of  indi- 
vidual indebtedness  which  was  general  throughout  the  State, 
but  more  particularly  among  the  farming  population.  And  it 
should  not  he  difficult  for  us,  still  feeling  the  ill-effects  of  post- 
war conditions,  to  realize  in  a  measure,  at  least,  the  tribulations 
that  beset  the  people  during  those  troublous  times.  "There  was 
a  sharp  contrast  in  the  situation  of  the  different  classes. 
Extremes  of  wealth  and  poverty  existed  in  every  community. 
Old  families,  hitherto  well-to-do,  were  impoverished,  homesteads 


SHAYS'S    REBELLION  73 

were  sold  for  payment  of  debts,  mortgages  were  foreclosed, 
cattle  and  other  farm  property  sold,  and  the  farmers,  with  other 
debtors,  high-minded  men,  respected  but  unfortunate  citizens, 
were  lodged  in  filthy  jails,  herded  together  with  vagabonds  and 
thieves.  Meanwhile,  the  families  of  merchants,  judges  and 
lawyers,  whom  the  less  fortunate  regarded  as  specially  favored 
classes,  were  living  in  luxury,  wearing  costly,  imported  clothing, 
expensive  gew-gaws  of  every  description,  their  wives  and 
daughters  trying  to  imitate  in  manner  and  dress  the  grand  dames 
of  foreign  courts,  while  the  returned  soldiers,  after  fighting 
through  seven  wearisome  years  of  war,  found  themselves  in 
poverty  and  their  families  in  want  of  the  common  necessities  of 
life."     So  in  substance  was  it  recorded. 

It  was  indeed  a  situation  fit  to  breed  lawlessness  and  revo- 
lution, and  it  is  not  strange  that  it  should  result  in  armed  resist- 
ance to  constituted  authority.  Believing  the  government  was  in 
some  way  responsible  for  their  unhappy  condition,  the  people 
quite  naturally  appealed  to  the  General  Court  to  provide 
measures  of  relief. 

It  was  a  common  notion  in  those  days,  even  as  now,  that  a 
cureall  for  the  ills  that  afflict  the  body  politic  could  be  found  in 
acts  of  legislation.  Samuel  Adams  seemed  to  have  held  this 
opinion.  In  a  letter  to  John  Adams  referring  to  Shays 's  Rebel- 
lion, he  said, — "Whatever  injustice  existed,  it  could  be  reached 
and  remedied  by  constitutional  means  without  an  overthrow. 
Now  that  we  have  a  regular  constitutional  government,  popular 
conventions  are  not  only  useless  but  dangerous.  They  served  an 
excellent  purpose  and  were  highly  necessary  when  they  were  set 
up,  and  I  shall  not  repent  the  small  share  I  took  in  them." 

Unfortunately,  however,  the  ills  of  that  time  were  too  deep- 
seated  to  be  cured  by  the  adoption  of  resolutions  or  the  enact- 
ment of  legislative  statutes.  While  the  General  Court  had 
passed  some  acts  designed  as  remedial  measures,  a  permanent 
remedy  could  result  only  from  a  long  period  of  industry,  frugal- 
ity, thrift,  and  the  observance  of  economic  laws. 

Now  what  reason  was  there  for  calling  the  event  "One  of 
the  twelve  great  military  campaigns  in  history"?  In  part,  I 
think,  because  of  the  difficulty  of  suppressing  the  insurrection, 
and  the  surprisingly  short  time,  in  view  of  the  circumstances,  it 


74  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

took  to  do  it.  It  seems  to  us  it  should  have  been  an  easy  task. 
The  militia  outnumbered  the  rebel  forces  more  than  two  to  one, 
and  the  rebels  were  so  lacking  in  material  resources,  arms  and 
ammunition,  that  it  seemed  only  necessary  for  the  government 
to  make  a  threatening  gesture  when  the  disorder  would  immedi- 
ately cease.  But  there  was  a  strong  popular  support  back  of 
the  movement.  A  majority  of  the  inhabitants  of  the  State 
were  in  full  sympathy  with  it  and  gave  the  rebels  all  possible 
assistance. 

Nor  should  we  forget  that  the  sentiment  in  the  colonies  in 
favor  of  entire  separation  from  the  mother  country  was  far  from 
unanimous.  There  was  a  large  number  of  loyalists  still  in  the 
State,  who  entertained  a  hope  that  the  attempt  to  establish  a 
free  and  independent  nati(;n  would  ultimately  fail.  These,  natur- 
ally, would  give  such  help  and  encouragement  as  they  could  to 
the  insurgent  cause,  for  they  probably  realized  that  its  success 
would  assist  in  a  measure  to  make  possible  their  cherished 
dreams. 

Then  a  large  number  of  the  State  militia,  even  while  en- 
gaged as  a  matter  of  duty,  in  suppressing  the  rebellion,  gave  the 
rebels  their  moral  support,  and  were  not,  therefore,  overzealous 
in  discharging  that  duty. 

Further,  the  insurgent  army  was  largely  composed  of 
returned  soldiers,  veterans,  trained  and  seasoned  in  the  art  of 
war  and  accustomed  to  its  hardships.  Its  two  leading  spirits. 
Captains  Shays  and  Day,  combined  with  their  experience  a  good 
measure  of  military  ability.  Also,  the  resources  that  the  govern- 
ment could  command  at  this  particular  time  to  be  used  in  defeat- 
ing the  rebels,  were  exceedingly  limited  and  seemed  utterly  in- 
adequate. Thus,  the  insurgent  army,  fairly  well  officered,  lined 
up  against  a  body  of  State  militia  whose  hearts  were  not  wholly 
in  their  job,  made  the  task  of  their  defeat  exceedingly  difficult. 
Hut  tliere  was  a  fatal  weakness  in  the  leadership  of  the  rebel 
army,  or  an  unexpected  strength  in  the  leadership  of  the  forces 
of  the  Coinmonwealtli,  or  both,  that  insured  the  ultimate  sup- 
pression of  tlie  rebellion. 

It  was  a  great  campaign  chiefly,  I  think,  because  of  the 
momentous  issues  involved.  Tlie  very  existence  of  the  newly 
formed  and  but  partly  established  Union   was  imperilled.      The 


SHAYS'S    REBELLION  75 

lack  of  governmental  authority  was  the  real  source  of  danger 
facing  the  country.  Washington,  keenly  alive  to  the  peril,  in 
a  letter  to  the  several  states  insisted  on  "the  necessity  of  an 
indissoluble  union  of  States  under  a  single  Federal  government, 
which  must  possess  the  power  to  enforce  its  own  decrees,  for 
without  such  authority  it  would  be  a  government  only  in  name." 
And  again,  being  asked  during  the  progress  of  Shays's  Rebellion 
to  use  his  great  personal  influence  to  end  the  affair,  he  said, — 
"You  talk,  my  good  Sir,  of  employing  influence  to  appease 
the  present  tumults  in  Massachusetts.  I  know  not  where  that 
influence  is  to  be  found,  or,  if  attainable,  that  it  would  be  a 
proper  remedy  for  the  disorder.  Influence  is  not  government. 
Let  us  have  a  government  by  which  our  lives,  liberties,  and 
properties  will  be  secured,  or  let  us  know  the  worst  at  once." 

Now,  it  is  quite  probable,  if  not  certain,  that  the  defeat 
of  Shays's  Rebellion  prevented  the  disruption  of  the  Union. 
The  success  of  the  insurrection  would  have  been  the  entering 
wedge  that  probably  would  have  split  it  wide  open.  As  the 
discontent,  due  to  the  same  distressing  conditions,  was  general 
throughout  the  country,  insurgent  success  here  would  have 
encouraged  the  lawless  element  in  other  states  to  resort  to  arms 
to  resist  the  enforcement  of  law,  and  the  result  would  inevitably 
have  been  disastrous.  In  that  event,  the  victory  so  hardly  won 
in  the  Revolutionary  War  would  have  been  turned  into  a 
deplorable  defeat,  and  that  by  the  very  men  who  won  that 
victory. 

The  end  of  the  war  found  Congress  without  financial  re- 
sources and  v\^ith  no  means  for  securing  them.  It  was  unable 
to  raise  the  needful  money  to  meet  its  current  expenses.  It  had 
no  power  to  levy  taxes  or  to  lay  duties  on  exports  and  imports. 
It  could  call  on  the  states  for  money  but  could  not  compel  them 
to  obey  the  call. 

Then  there  were  the  problems  relating  to  the  making  of 
treaties,  the  regulation  of  commerce,  commercial  wars  between 
the  States,  disputes  over  the  division  of  the  great  public  domain, 
the  failure  to  secure  foreign  loans,  the  chaotic  state  of  the  cur- 
rency, the  lack  of  a  national  coinage,  and  the  collapse  of  the 
national  credit.  The  problems  seemed  too  intricate  for  solu- 
tion,— the  dangers  too  great  to  be  overcome.     The  states  had 


76  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

l)een  united  in  a  common  purpose  for  only  nine  years  and  now 
that  need  for  concerted  action  against  a  foreign  enemy  had 
passed,  it  was  feared  that  the  ties  holding  them  together  would 
break  and  that  they  would  become  thirteen  little  republics. 
With  their  local  enmities,  conflicting  interests,  differences  in 
habits  and  social  life,  each  jealous  of  its  sovereign  rights  and 
powers,  it  was  not  only  feared  but  freely  predicted  that  they 
would  become  the  prey  of  England  or  Spain,  or  that  the  several 
states  one  after  another,  would  repent  and  beg  to  be  taken  back 
into  the  British  Empire. 

But  fortunately  none  of  these  calamities  occurred.  A  kindly 
Providence  brooded  over  the  young  republic  until  its  safety  was 
assured  by  the  formation  of  a  real  union  of  the  States,  and  the 
adoption  and  ratification  of  the  Federal  Constitution. 


REPORT    OF   SECRETARY  77 

ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY 

January  14,  1926 


.  To  the  Lynn  Historical  Society : — 

The  Secretary  presents  herewith  her  report  covering  the 
year,  January  S,  1925  to  January  14,  1936, — the  thirtieth 
annual  report  to  the  Society. 

On  February  26,  1925  the  members  attended  a  reception  as 
guests  of  President  and  Mrs.  Johnson.  The  house  was  beau- 
tifully decorated  with  plants  and  flowers.  Music  was  furnished 
during  the  evening  by  the  Sterling  Trio,  —  Evelyn  Fulton, 
violin  ;  Eleanor  Mclntire,  'cello  ;  Beatrice  Cain,  piano.  The 
ushers  were  Gustavus  Attwill,  William  Gerry  Keene  and 
Harrison  P.  Burrill.  Among  the  out-of-town  guests  were  Hon. 
Charles  Neal  Barney,  of  New  York,  a  member  of  the  Society, 
and  President  Grenville  H.  Norcross,  Clerk  Charles  F.  Read 
and  Mr.  Julien  Silsby,  of  the  Bostonian  Society.  Assisting  the 
host  and  hostess  were —  Miss  Sallie  H.  Hacker,  Miss  Susan  L. 
Johnson,  Mrs.  George  E.  Pillsbury,  Mrs.  Nathaniel  P.  Breed, 
Mrs.  Gustavus  Attwill,  Mrs.  Micajah  P.  Clough,  Miss  Mary  A. 
Townsend  and  Miss  Burrill.  It  was  a  delightful  occasion  and 
the  members  were  all  greatly  indebted  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Johnson 
for  their  hospitality. 

On  March  10,  1925,  Mr.  Alfred  E.  Chase  presented  a 
paper  on  "Clipper  Ships."  He  introduced  his  subject  by  re- 
ferring to  the  fact  that  almost  all  the  great  fortunes  of  this 
country  prior  to  i860  had  come  from  the  sea,  and  that  ships 
and  shipping  were  a  very  conspicuous  feature  of  our  business 
life,  accounting  for  the  great  interest  in  marine  development, 
particularly  in  the  Clipper  ships  from  1S48  to  i860.  The 
Clipper  ships  especially  mentioned  were  the  Antelope,  Sea 
Witch,  Surprise,  and  the  Donald  McKay  ships,  —  the  Stag- 
hound,  his  first  clipper  ship,  the  Flying  Cloud,  the  Sovereign  of 
the  Seas,  and  the  Great  Republic. 

Mr.  Chase  stated  that  between  1847  and  1858,  our  tonnage 


78  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

employed  in  the  foreign  trade  more  than  doubled,  and  our 
clipper  ships  controlled  the  carrying  trade  of  the  world.  With 
the  building  of  steam  and  iron  ships,  with  lower  operating 
costs  and  larger  carrying  capacity,  with  the  coming  of  the 
railroads  and  the  telegraph,  manufacturing  became  more  profit- 
able, and  so  after  twelve  years  of  great  success,  the  clipper 
ships  disappeared  from  our  waters,  but  the  spirit,  which  made 
them  great,  endured  and  blazed  the  path  of  progress  in  later 
phases  of  our  commercial  life.  Mr.  Raymond  Boynton  assisted 
by  showing  a  group  of  lantern  slides  during  the  reading  of  the 
paper.     (For  text,  see  Contents.) 

The  meeting  of  April  30  was  known  as  "Revolutionary 
Night,"  when  Mr.  Kendall  A.  Sanderson  read  a  paper  on 
"Lynn  in  the  Revolution,"  which  was  first  presented  to  the 
Society  Jan.  16,  1903,  by  his  father,  the  late  Hon.  Howard  K. 
Sanderson.     In  Mr.  Sanderson's  introduction,  he  said  : — 

"Almost  from  boyhood,  my  father  had  a  keen  interest  in  the  early 
history  of  the  country.  This  began  with  his  collection  of  autographs, — 
of  Colonial  governors,  Revolutionary  generals,  signers  of  the  Declaration 
of  Independence,  and  he  had  all  the  latter  with  the  exception  of  that  of 
Button  Gwinnett. 

My  mother  had  become  interested  in  genealogy'  and  was  wading 
through  town  records,  endeavoring  to  trace  her  ancestry.  This  amused 
my  father  for  some  time  and  he  rather  tolerantly  listened  to  her  in  her 
description  of  each  fresh  discovery.  For  some  time,  this  went  on  and  he 
did  not  enthuse  in  the  least.  At  length,  prodded  by  mother's  remark 
that  the  reason  he  did  not  investigate  his  own  forbears  was  probably 
because  he  feared  he  might  discover  that  one  was  either  hanged  or  driven 
from  the  lowlands  of  Scotland  for  stealing  sheep,  he  became  infinitely 
worse  than  my  mother  on  the  subject  of  genealogy,  and  while  revelling 
in  the  discovery  of  several  Revolutionary  ancestors,  of  his  own,  he  came 
across  the  Hallowell  manuscript.  This  aroused  his  interest  in  Lynn  In 
the  Revolution,  and  from  that  time  on,  all  his  spare  moments  were  taken 
up  in  investigating  all  the  leads  he  could  find,  and  he  amassed  the  great 
bulk  of  material  which  mother  assembled  and  put  into  the  two  volumes 
of  "Lynn  in  the  Revolution."  In  the  paper  which  he  prepared  for  this 
Society,  he  described  the  manner  in  which  he  became  interested  and  then 
told  of  some  of  the  events  in  which  the  people  of  Lynn  participated. 

The  old  Hallowell  manuscript  was  printed  in  full  in  "Lynn  in  the 
Revolution."  Biographical  sketches  of  nearly  all  the  soldiers  were  made 
and  a  very  complete  account  of  the  part  the  men  of  Lynn  played  in  the 
War  for  Independence,  was  chronicled.  While,  if  he  had  been  permitted 
to  live,  he  would  doubtless  have  added  to  the  large  store  of  information 


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REPORT    OF    SECRETARY  79 

he  had  already  amassed,  nevertheless  he  has  left  a  record,  for  future 
generations,  of  the  stirring  days  in  Lynn  when  our  country  was  struggling 
for  freedom. 

He  was  able  to  locate  the  graves  of  many  soldiers.  Application  was 
madetothe  War  Department  for  gravestones.  Old  Essex  Chapter  S.A.R., 
provided  markers.  In  the  old  Western  Burial  ground  are  the  graves  of 
one  hundred  and  four  soldiers.  Seventy-six  were  unmarked.  Of  the 
twelve  soldiers  in  the  Eastern  Burial  ground,  five  were  in  unmarked 
graves.  No  stone  was  placed  over  the  resting  place  of  six  of  the  eleven 
in  Pine  Grove  Cemetery,  and  fourteen  out  of  the  thirty-four  in  LynnfieJd 
Center.  In  the  last  two  years  of  his  life,  my  father  saw  all  of  these 
graves  marked  by  stones  and  the  markers  of  the  S.A.R.,  one  hundred 
and  sixty-one  in  all.  Many  will  recall  the  ceremonies  held  on  June  17, 
1903,  when  these  stones  were  dedicated  at  the  graveyards,  and  the  public 
meeting  held  in  the  First  Congregational  Church  on  Vine  Street,  at 
which  Senator  Lodge  made  the  address." 

It  would  have  been  a  pleasure  to  print  this  early  address  of 
Mr.  Sanderson  in  full,  but  the  editor  has  refrained  from  doing 
so  because  all  the  material  was  incorporated  in  the  larger 
history  which  was  published  in  two  volumes  by  Mrs.  Howard 
K.  Sanderson  under  the  title  "Lynn  in  the  Revolution,"  and  it 
is  available  in  the  Society's  library.* 

Mr.  Henry  A  Sawyer  read  the  second  paper  of  the  even- 
ing, on  "James  Gardner,  M.D.,  a  Revolutionary  Soldier," 
written  by  Mrs.  Mary  Caroline  Phillips  Bennett,  of  Richmond, 
Virginia.     (For  text,  see  Contents). 

Mr.  John  Albree  presented  some  personal  touches  regard- 
ing the  four  Lynn  men  who  were  killed  at  the  Jason  Russell 
house,  Menotomy,  April  19,  1775,  —  Abednego  Ramsdell,  of 
Capt.  William  Farrington's  Company;  Daniel  Townsend,  of 
Capt.  Nathaniel  Bancroft's  Company;  William  Flint  and 
Thomas  Hadley,  of  Capt.  David  Parker's  Company.  He 
spoke  of  the  granite  monument  in  the  cemetery  at  the  rear  of 
the  First  Parish  Church,  Arlington,  erected  in  memory  of  all 
the  men  who  were  killed  there,  and  referred  to  the  fact  that 
twenty  years  ago  their  names  were  painted  on  a  pine  board 
attached  to  the  back  of  the  monument,  but  now  a  simple  slab 
has  replaced  it  and  the  names  of  the  four  Lynn  men  are  there 


*  Mr.  Sanderson  exhibited  a  cannon  ball  which  was  found  in  an  old  well  at  the 
Concord  Reformatory  some  years  ago,  and  presented  to  his  father.  It  is  undoubtedly  a 
genuine  relic. 


8o  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

given.  The  Jason  Russell  house,  which  was  the  center  of  the 
fighting  at  Menotomy,  has  been  accjuired  by  the  Arlington 
Historical  Society  and  restored. 

The  Secretary  sketched  the  general  appearance  of  the  town 
of  Lynn  at  the  time  of  the  Lexington  Alarm,  its  streets,  in- 
dustries, and  number  of  houses,  and  Mr.  Bliss  showed  photo- 
graphs of  twenty-seven  homes  of  Lynn  soldiers.  Several  ob- 
jects of  the  period,  from  the  Society  collection,  were  also  ex- 
hibited by  Mr.  Albree. 

NOTES    RY    THE    SECRETARY 

Companies  of  Lynn  Men  who  answered  the  call  of  April 

19.  1775: 

The  "Menit"  Company,  3rd  Company,  Capt.  Ezra  Newhall,  49  men, — 
who  came  from  various  parts  of  Lynn,  Lynnfield  and  Saugus.     Head- 
quarters on  the  Common. 
First  Company  in  Ye  Town  of  Lynn,  Capt.  David  Parker,  63  men.     Met 
at  Jacob    Newhall    Tavern    in    East    Saugus.     (All    from    the   Third 
Parish.) 
and.  Foot  Company  of  Militia,  Captain  William  Farrington.     52  men, 
chiefly  from  the  center  and  easterly    sections  of  Lynn.     Met  at  the 
foot  of  Franklin  Street,  near  the  Lynn  Hospital  site. 
4th  Foot  Company  of  Militia,  Capt.  Rufus  Mansfield,  44  men.     Mainly 
from  Waterhill   Section.     Met  at  Increase   Newhall  Tavern,  Federal 
Street. 
5th  Company,  Capt.  Nathaniel  Bancroft.     38  men.     Met  at  Joseph  Gow- 
ing's  Tavern,  Lynnfield  Center.     (North  Parish,  Lynnfield.) 
What  was  the  appearance  of  Lynn  just  before  the  Lexington  alarm? 
Lynnfield,  Saugus,  Swampscott  and  Nahant  were  parts  of  Lynn   in    1775, 
— Lynnfield  and  Saugus  being  separate  parishes  only.     As  Mr.  Sanderson 
said,  the  population  was  2,100,  with  465  polls.     The  valuation  was  prob- 
ably under  £30,000.     There  were  less  than  150  dwellings. 

The  western  boundary  of  the  town  was  Saugus  River,  having  its 
source  eight  miles  inland  in  Reading  Pond.  Strawberry  Brook  ran  from 
the  Great  Pond  at  the  north  end  of  the  town,  along  Boston  Street,  down 
to  the  river.  Alder  Brook  flowed  into  it  near  the  corner  of  Boston  and 
Myrtle  Streets.  Stacey  Brook  had  its  rise  in  Collins  Pond,  flowing  down 
through  the  meadow  to  Wood  End,  and  on  to  King's  I3each.  It  has 
several  branches, — Cowslip,  Cherry  and  Ilumfrey's  Brooks.  Another 
brook  started  in  the  Highlands,  crossing  what  is  now  Franklin  Street,  to 
the  Common  and  on  to  the  harbor.  Still  another  started  in  Wood  End, 
flowed  down  through  the  Quaker  Pasture  into  Union  Street;  a  tributary 
started  in  the  Highlands,  the  waters  mingling  at  a  point  about  half  way 
between  what  were  later  Spruce  and  Market  Streets.  The  outlet  was  at 
the  foot  of  Pleasant  Street. 


REPORT    OF    SECRETARY  8l 

The  main  highway  of  the  town,  Boston  Street, — the  old  road  or  the 
Country  Road, — became  the  real  center  of  the  industrial  activity  of  Lynn. 
As  the  early  settlers  lived  in  the  main  along  Boston  Street,  there  had  not 
been  much  expansion  even  up  to  the  Revolutionary  War.  Boston  Street, 
still  had  the  principal  residences.  It  was  connected  with  the  farms  at 
Breed's  End  by  Rhodes  Lane,  the  Federal  Street  of  to-day.  The  Turn- 
pike was  not  laid  out  until  1803.  Lynn  Common  had  not  been  fenced  in, 
and  there  were  several  roads  and  paths  across  it.  There  were  farm  houses 
along  its  sides.  The  Old  Tunnel  Meeting  House  was  in  the  center,  op- 
posite and  facing  Petticoat  Lane,  now  Shepard  Street.  A  brook  ran 
across  it,  at  the  point  where  Harwood  Street  now  starts,  and  near  it  was 
the  home  of  Nathan  Attwill  (moved  to  35  Whiting  Street).  Mall  Street 
was  called  Lucy  Newhall's  Lane.  A  cart  road  ran  from  what  is  now  Park 
Street  to  Mill  Street  (now  Strawberry  Avenue).  Franklin  Street  was  the 
Townway.  Laighton  Street  was  then  Grass  Lane.  Essex  Street  was 
Marblehead  Lane.  Lower  Union  Street  was  Black  Marsh  Lane.  Broad 
and  Lewis  Streets  were  then  hardly  more  than  a  cart  path,  connecting 
with  the  Country  Road,  by  Fresh  Marsh  Lane  (now  Chestnut  Street). 

There  were  but  few  residents  in  the  neighborhood  of  Broad,  Lewis 
and  Nahant  Streets.  Wood  End  consisted  of  scattered  farms,  with  a 
rough  path  through  the  fields, — Fayette  Street. 

In  fact,  Lynn  at  this  time  may  have  had  80  or  90  houses  ;  Lynnfield 
and  Saugus  about  25  each;  Nahant  i  or  2.  Swampscott  was  included  in 
Lynn  proper.  The  Old  Tunnel  was  the  forum  for  all  official  gatherings, 
and  contained  the  only  pulpit. 

The  houses  of  the  Revolutionary  period  were  of  plain  but  dignified 
architecture. 

Mr.  George  S.  Bliss  exhibited  from  the  Society's  collection, 
a  group  of  photographs  of  period  houses/  and  described  their 
principal  architectural  points.  Many  of  these  houses  were  the 
homes  of  Revolutionary  soldiers  of  Lynn,  Saugus  and  Lynnfield. 

Thomas  and  Elkanah  Hawkes.  Thomas  Mansfield. 

Reynolds  House.  William  Boardman. 

Col.  Ezra  Newhall.  Ezra  Brown. 

Isaac  Orgin.  John  Burrill. 

Nathaniel  Attwill.  Lt.  Lemuel  Allen. 

Abijah  Boardman.  The  Old  Burying  Ground. 

Ivory  Boardman.  Daniel  Hitchings. 

Samuel  Boardman.  Newhall-Rand-Sargent  houses. 

Increase  Newhall  Tavern.  Dr.  Abijah  Cheever. 

John  Flagg  ("Billy  Gray"  house).      Wilson  or  Edmunds  house. 

Col.  Frederick  Breed.  Richard  Mansfield. 

Ephraim  Breed.  Nathan  Hitchings. 

Hitchings-Draper-Hawkes  house.      Benjamin  B.  Raddin. 

Ensign  Nathan  Hawkes. 
1  See  earlier  Registers. 


82  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

Mr.  John  Albree  arranged  and  explained  the  following 
group  of  contemporary  objects. 

Portrait  of  Zachariah  Attwill. 

Portrait  of  Gen.  Gideon  Foster. 

Silhouette  of  Col.  John  Flagg. 

Plan  of  the  Flagg  property. 

Baluster  from  the  Old  Tunnel  Meeting  House. 

Drum  Stick  used  b_y  Isaac  Orgin. 

Washington  Army  officers'  buttons. 

Rings,    staples    and    hinges,    wrought    iron,    from    cellar    door    of 

Col.  John  Mansfield's  house.  Strawberry  Avenue. 
Kettle  owned  by  a  soldier  v/ho  was  in  the  battle  of  Princeton. 
Brass  knocker  taken  from  a  burning  house  in  Charlestown  after  the 

battle  of  Bunker  Hill,  by  Lt.  Frederick  Breed;  later  used  on  his 

own  house.     Now  on  our  front  door. 

On  Oct.  15,  1925,  Rev.  Frederic  W.  Perkins,  D.  D. 
presented  the  subject,  —  "The  American  Adventure,  —  an 
Interpretation  of  the  Revolution."  He  prepared  this 
paper  to  bring  out  that  genius  of  the  American  Revolution  which 
does  not  always  appear  on  the  surface.  He  said  that  "our  right 
to  be  here  was  created  for  us  by  the  sacrificial  devotion  of  the 
statesmen  of  the  Continental  Congress,  who  declared  our  inde- 
pendence, and  the  soldiers  who  made  good  that  declaration 
from  Lexington  in  the  north  to  Yorktown  in  the  south.  He 
spoke  of  the  Revolution  as  an  embarking  on  a  "mighty  spiritual 
adventure,"  and  that  we  should  remind  ourselves  of  the  "long 
historical  preparation,  that  was  necessary  for  this  great  Amer- 
ican adventure."  He  referred  to  the  biography  of  Washington 
by  William  Roscoe  Thayer,  especially  to  the  question  as  to 
whether  our  participation  in  the  World  War  was  a  departure 
from  Washington's  warning  against  participation  in  European 
affairs.  Mr.  Thayer  calls  Washington  almost,  if  not  quite,  the 
most  actual  of  modern  statesmen,  .  .  who  would  have  steered 
his  ship  liy  the  wind  that  blew  then  and  not  by  the  wind  that  had 
blown  and  vanished  120  years  before.     (For  text,  see  Contents.) 

On  Nov.  19,  1925,  Mr.  John  Albree  gave  an  address  on 
"An  Old  Diary  of  a  Young  Man."  Years  ago  a  boy  rescued 
a  manuscript  from  a  pile  of  material  destined  for  the  paper  mill 
and  destruction.  This  proved  to  be  a  personal  journal  kept  by 
a  young  army  officer  holding  an  important  position  in  Wash- 
ington   during  the   administration    of    President    John    Qiiincy 


kEPORT    OF    SECRETARY  83 

Adams,  and  in  which  his  experiences  during  one  eventful 
winter  are  recorded.  This  young  man,  whom  Mr.  Albree  gave 
the  name  of  "Rollins"  was  a  graduate  of  West  Point  and  held 
in  high  regard  in  the  Army ;  he  was  attached  to  the  Adjutant 
General's  office  in  Washington.  He  was  prominent  in  the 
Indian  wars  in  Florida,  and  was  killed  in  the  Mexican  war. 
This  was  a  very  interesting  paper,  and  at  its  conclusion,  the 
speaker  explained  the  use  of  tinder  and  lighted  a  candle  from  it, 
as  was  the  custom  in  the  days  when  the  journal  was  written. 
(For  text,  see  Contents.) 

On  December  17,  1925,  Hon.  Henry  T.  Lummis,  Justice 
of  the  Superior  Court  of  the  Commonwealth,  spoke  on  "The 
Administration  of  Criminal  Justice."  Judge  Lummus 
explained  the  different  methods  of  procedure  under  complaints, 
warrants,  trial  and  sentence,  probation  and  appeal.  He  described 
the  function  of  the  Police  Court,  the  Superior  and  Supreme 
Judicial  Courts,  and  explained  also  the  right  of  appeal,  indict- 
ments, law  and  fact,  petit  juries,  grand  juries,  and  the  duties  of 
District  Attorneys.  There  are  annually  about  two  hundred  thou- 
sand cases  to  be  dealt  with  by  two  hundred  and  fifty  judges  in 
seventy-five  courts.  He  stated  that  of  the  total  number  of 
cases,  the  Superior  Court  gets  about  eleven  thousand  criminal 
cases  by  appeal  and  five  thousand  by  indictment,  while  the 
Supreme  Court  passes  upon  questions  of  law  only. 

Many  very  interesting  points  were  brought  out  regarding 
the  disposition  of  cases  at  the  present  day,  and  we  all  received 
much  valuable  information.      (For  text,  see  Contents.) 

In  the  spirit  of  Christmas,  to  open  and  close  the  December 
meeting,  Christmas  carols  were  sung,  with  Mrs.  Attwill  at  the 
piano. 


The  Council  has  held  several  important  meetings,  when 
matters  of  interest  to  the  Society  have  been  discussed.  One 
especially  that  I  may  mention  was  the  meeting  held  on  March 
27,  when  a  committee  was  appointed  (President  Johnson,  Mr. 
Mace  and  Mr.  Attwill)  to  attend  the  hearing  before  the 
Licensing  Commission  on  April  21,  1925,  in  connection  with  a 
permit  for  a  battery  station  and  garage  on  the  property  adjoin- 


84  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

ing  us  on  the  east.  No  change  was  authorized  and  the  matter 
was  happily  ended,  the  district  remaining  residential. 

Volume  XXIII,  Part  II,  of  the  Register,  containing  necrol- 
ogies, has  been  issued  this  year,  and  Part  III,  "The  Period 
OF  THE  Gold  Discovery  in  California,"  by  Mr.  Warren 
Mudge  Breed,  will  be  issued  September  i,  1926. 

Much  material  has  been  printed  in  the  Press  for  us,  notably 
in  the  Lynn  Item^  and  Telegram  News^  the  Boston  Transcript, 
Herald,  Globe,  Post,  and  Monitor. 

Musicales  were  held  in  February  and  March,  1925,  and  the 
house  was  open  on  Saturday  afternoon,  from  July  25  to  August 
29  These  will  be  reported  by  Miss  Hacker,  chairman  of  the 
Hospitality  Committee. 

We  have  lost  seven  members  by  resignation  and  eighteen 
by  death.  The  report  on  the  latter  will  be  made  by  Miss 
Johnson,  chairman  of  the  Necrology  committee.  We  have 
gained  twenty  new  members. 

The  thanks  and  appreciation  of  the  Society  are  extended  to 
Miss  M.  Rosamond  Robinson,  of  Saugus,  who  has  very  kindly 
repaired  the  braided  rug,  which  was  a  gift  from  Mr.  Earl  A. 
Mower. 

Upon  invitation  of  the  Daughters  of  Veterans,  President 
Johnson  delivered  an  address  at  the  dedication  of  the  urn  in  Pine 
Grove  Cemetery,  in  memory  of  Dr.  Esther  H.  Hawks,  for 
whom  the  Lynn   Tent  is  named. 

Aside  from  our  regular  evening  meetings,  which  were  well 
attended,  approximately  two  hundred  persons  attended  the  Sun- 
day afternoon  musicales  ;  two  hundred  more  visited  the  building 
on  Saturday  afternoons  in  the  summer;  thirty  children  from  the 
Central  Junior  High  School  spent  one  afternoon  here,  when  a 
program  was  carried  out  under  the  direction  of  their  teacher, 
Miss  Grace  P  Delnow,  assisted  by  Mrs.  Frederick  W.  Hixon, 
with  addresses  by  Mr.  John  Albree  and  the  Secretary ;  and  one 
hundred  members  of  the  Sons  of  the  American  Revolution  were 
also  our  guests. 

The  Nominating  Committee,  through  Mrs.  Frederick  W. 
Hix<;n,  prescf'tctl  nominations  for  President,  three  Vice  Presi- 
dents, Secrctar\-  and  Treasurer,  and  six  Councillors.  They 
were  unanimou-ly  elected. 


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REPORT    OF    SECRETARY  85 

After  the  business,  Mr.  John  Albree  was  chairman  of  the 
evening's  entertainment,  which  centered  around  a  group  of 
daguerreotypes  and  ambrotypes  brought  in  by  members.  He 
gave  a  short  account  of  Louis  Jacques  Mande  Daguerre  (1789- 
1851),  a  French  painter  and  physicist,  the  inventor  of  the 
daguerreotype.  From  the  discovery  of  the  camera  obscura  late 
in  the  sixteenth  century,  developments  were  slow  in  the  process 
of  photography.  Daguerre  used  the  camera  obscura  in  his 
preliminary  work,  and  in  1831  he  discovered,  almost  by  acci- 
dent, the  process  of  fixing  the  image. 

With  reference  to  several  silhouettes  shown,  Mr.  Albree 
spoke  of  Edouard,  the  first  man  to  make  the  silhouette  a  work 
of  art.  One  copy  he  gave  the  customer,  and  the  other  he  re- 
tained for  himself,  marking  on  it  the  name,  date,  address,  etc. 
A  number  from  his  collection  are  now  owned  by  Rev.  Glenn 
Tilley  Morse.  Edouard  was  a  volunteer  exile  from  France. 
He  made  six  hundred  silhouettes  in  two  weeks  in  Edinliorough, 
using  scissors  entirely.  He  came  to  this  country  in  1839,  work- 
ing in  New  York,  Boston,  Saratoga,  Washington,  Richmond. 
He  made  about  thirty-five  hundred  silhouettes  in  all;  there  are 
several  in  Salem  and  Boston,  but  none  appear  in  Lynn.  Previ- 
ous to  this,  a  light  was  put  in  one  place  and  a  screen  in  another, 
then  some  one  drew  the  face,  but  Edouard  produced  a  work  of 
art. 

Following  this  very  interesting  contribution,  stereopticon 
views  of  early  Lynn  were  shown,  and  refreshments  were  served. 

This  record  is  presented  at  the  215th  stated  meeting  of  the 
Society. 

ELLEN    MUDGE    BURRILL, 

Secretary. 


86  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 


REPORT  OF   THE    COMMITTEE   ON    NECROLOGY 


To  the  Lynn  Historical  Society: — 

The  Committee  on  Necrology  regret  exceedingly  to  have  to 
report,  for  the  year  Jan.  8,  1935  to  Jan.  14,  1926,  the  death  of 
eighteen  members,  as  follows  : — 

Joined  Died 

James  Dearborn  MuUiii  Dec.  28,  19CO  Jan.  19,  1925 

Sarali  E.  Baker  Nov.  15,  1915  Jan.  26,  1925 

George  Herbert  Breed  Apr.  27,  1897  Jan.  27,  1925 

John  Stephen  Bartlett  Jan.  28,  1898  Jan.  27,  1925 

Edwin  N.  Northrop  Dec.  19,  1910  Jan.  27,  1925 

William  Basset  Sept.  20,  1909  Mar.  14,  1925 

MrF.  William  H.  Russell  Nov.  17,  1902  Apr.  17,  1925 

George  A.  Crei<(hton  Aug.  18,  1913  Maj  3,  1925 

Mrs.  Nellie  F.  Rodman  Mar.  11,  1920  June   16,  1925 

Wiliiain  Abbott  Burrill  Apr.  27,  1897  June  3,  1925 
Hr.nnith  Lizzie  Falls,  (Mrs.  Henr_y  B.) 

(Life  Mar.  17,  1913)  Nov.  19,  1906  Jul_y  2,  1925 

Addie  L.  Thyntr  Oct.  16,  191 1  July  15,  1925 

James  H.  Vassiir  Apr.  20,  1915  July  28,  1925 

Harriet  L.  Matthews  Apr.  27,  1897  Aug.  19,  1925 

Lydia  Adelaide  Breed  Feb.  20,  1900  Dec.   12,  1925 

Margaret  Ellen  Porter  (Mrs.  Benjamin  E.)  Apr.  18,  1898  Dec.  12,  1925 

Willard  F.  Spaldirig  Feb.  21,  1910  Dec.  22,  1925 

Arthur  J.  Blood,  (Life  May  5,  1913)             Feb.  21,  1910  Dec.  32,  1925 

Respectfully  submitted, 

SUSAN    L.  JOHNSON, 
Chairman  of  Committee. 

NoTit :— Memoirs  of  the  iiienibers  n;iiiied  in  the  ;ihovc  list,  :ipi)e;ii-  in  the  Ke^-ister, 
NumbtrXXIV,  I'art  I. 


REPORT    OF    COMMITTEE    ON    HOSPITALITY  87 

REPORT  OF  THE  COMMITTEE  ON  HOSPITALITY 

For  the  Year  1925 


To  the  Lynn  Historical  Society : — 

Musicales    were   held    at  the    Society   House  on  Sunday 
afternoons  during  February  and  March,  1925,  as  follows  :— 

Feb.  8.  Mrs.  Henry  P.  Emerson,  chairman.  Musicians:  Jacob 
Johnson,  bass;  David  Conley,  tenor;  Frank  A.  Smitii, 
violinist;  Mrs.  Frank  A.  Smith,  accompanist. 

Hostess  :     Effie  Newhall,  assisted  by  Ethel  Thompson  and  Hattie  Cowles. 

Feb.  15.  Mrs.  George  E.  Pillsbury,  chairman.  Musicians:  Ruth 
Pillsbury,  soprano;  Glennys  Pollard  Thompson,  violinibt ; 
Edward  R.  Howe,  pianist,  Stanley  Stevens,  accompanist. 

Hostess:  Mrs.  Pillsbury,  assisted  by  Mrs.  Carolus  M.  Cobb,  Mrs. 
Frank  Stone. 

Feb.  32.  Mrs.  Gertrude  K.  Watson,  chairman.  Musicians:  Mrs 
Watson,  soprano;  Benjamin  W.  Johnson,  baritone  and 
accompanist. 

Hostess  :  Mrs.  Charles  A.  Lawrence,  assisted  by  Dorothy  Haines,  Hilda 
Whyte,  Dorothy  Eastman,  Marion  Bcckwith,  Adaline  Richard- 
son, Hortense  Dunbar. 

Mar.  I.  Mrs.  Benjamin  N.  Johnson,  chairman.  Musicians:  Lucy 
Dennett,  violinist;  Benjamin  W.  Johnson,  baritone;  Ella  M. 
Cram  and  Mrs.  E.  M.  Judkins,  accompanists. 

Hostess:  Sarah  Ellen  Breed,  assisted  by  Ellen  Mudge  Burrill,  Marian 
Johnson,  and  Mrs.  Gustavus  Attwill 

Mar.  8.  Mrs.  Nathaniel  P.  Breed,  chairman.  Musicians:  Florence 
Haggett,  soprano;  Herbert  J.  A.  Irvisie,  pianist;  Suren 
Goshgarian,  violinist. 

Hostess:  Mrs.  George  H.  Kirkpatrick,  assisted  by  Mrs.  Henry  R. 
French,  Mrs.  George  C.  Beals,  Mrs.  Guy  Newhall,  Mrs. 
Birney^C.  Parsons. 


0»  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

Mar.  15.  Mrs.  Gustavus  Atlvvill,  chairman.  Musicians  :  Mrs.  Harriet 
Russell  Hart,  contralto;  Stephen  L.  Breed,  flutist ;  George  T. 
Fcnner,  violinist;  Mrs.  Attwill,  pianist  and  accompanist. 

Hoit-ess  :  B  tthany  S.  Brown,  assisted  bv  Mrs.  Ernest  L.  Proctor,  Mrs. 
Grant  Hilton,  Hannah  Newhall,  Mrs.  Eugene  B.  Sprague ; 
Mrs.  Robert  C.  Ingalls,  Mrs.  Frederick  B.  Abbott. 

Mar.  22.  SalHe  H.  Hacker,  chairman.  Musicians:  Edith  Howard, 
soprano;  Cyril  Saunders,  violinist;  Herbert  J.  A  Irvine, 
accompanist;  Louise  Allen,  pianist. 

Hostess:  Mrs.  James  S.  Newhall,  assisted  bj  Mrs.  William  G.  Keene, 
Laura  Woodbury,  Mrs.  Charles  J.  H.  Woodbury,  Miriam  C. 
Nichols. 

Mar.  29.  Mary  A.  Townsend,  chairman.  Muscians :  Mrs.  Ouida 
Cefrey  Aechtler,  contralto;  Frances  Foskett,  soprano;  Mrs. 
Alice  M.  Cook,  accompanist ;  together  with  six  members  of  the 
Thomson  Club  Orchestra  of  the  General  Electric  Company, 
Reginald  G.  Standerwick  leader,  with  Mrs,  Standerwick 
accompanying  her  husband  as  'cello  soloist. 

The  Society  House  was  also  open  on  six  Saturday  afternoons  in  the 
summer  : — 

July  25.  Hostess  :  Mrs.  Charles  H.  Bangs,  assisted  by  Althea  Bangs, 
Mrs.  Parcher  Bangs,  Louise  Ricker. 

Aug.  I.  Hostess;  Mrs.  William  B.  Bessom,  assisted  by  Mrs.  Chester 
Treadwell,  and  Ruth  S.  Brennon. 

Aug.  8.  Hostess:  Emma  L.  Newhall,  assisted  by  Ethel  Mansfield, 
Rosamond  Robinson,  Alice  Hawkes,  all  of  Saugus. 

Aug.  15.  Hostess:  Mrs.  Robert  C.  Ingalls,  assisted  by  Mrs.  Jerome 
Ingalls,  and  Blanche  Merritt. 

Aug.  22.     Hostesses:  Ellen  Mudge  Burrill  and  Sallie  II.  Hacker. 

Aug.  29.  Hostess  :  Bethany  S.  Brown,  assisted  by  Hannah  E.  Newhall, 
Alice  Hawkes,  Mrs.  Ernest  L.  Proctor. 

The  Society  entertained  the  Sons  of  the  Ameiican  Revolution  on 
Sept.  19,  and  (lie  Hospitality  Committee  provided  sandwiches  and 
coftte,— Mifcb  Hacker,  chtiiman,  Mrs.  Btnjamin  N.  Johnson    and  Mrs. 


REPORT    OF    HOSPITALITY    COMMITTEE  89 

Howard  K.  Sanderson,  hostesses,  assisted  by  Mrs.  Frederic  W.  Perkins, 
Mrs.  Henry  R.  Mayo,  Mrs.  Gustavus  Attwill,  Mrs.  George  F.  Ames, 
Mrs.  Charles  H.  Bangs,  Mrs.  William  Gerry  Keene,  Mrs.  Vernon  G. 
Morrow,  Mrs.  Kendall  A.  Sanderson,  and  the  Secretary.  The  Committee 
also  served  light  refreshments  at  several  of  the  regular  meetings,  and  for 
this  annual  meeting. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

SALLIE    H.  HACKER, 
Chairman  Hospitality  Committee. 


90  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 


CLIPPER   SHIPS 

By  Alfred  E.  Chase 
(A  paper  read  before  the  Lynn  Historical  Society,  March  10,  1925) 


Prior  to  i860  almost  all  the  great  fortunes  of  this  country 
had  come  from  the  sea,  and  ships  and  shipping  were  a  very  con- 
spicuous feature  of  our  business  life.  It  is  no  wonder  that  there 
is  a  general  interest  in  the  brilliant  days  of  our  marine  develop- 
ment— the  clipper  ship  era — 1S48  to  i860.  Moreover  we  have 
a  personal  interest  in  that  period.  Some  of  you  probably  had 
ancestors  who  followed  the  sea.  I  cannot  claim  that  good  for- 
tune, but  we  did  have  a  maritime  historian  in  the  family.  My 
brother  Percy  made  a  special  study  of  clipper  ships  and  by 
searching  the  newspapers  of  the  period  and  studying  the  ships' 
logs  he  obtained  a  great  deal  of  material.  All  his  manuscripts 
were  given  to  the  Widener  library  at  Cambridge  ;  from  them 
was  obtained  much  of  the  material  for  this  short  paper.  I  have 
another  point  of  contact  in  that  my  grandfather,  John  B.  Peirce, 
went  to  California  in  1850  and  was  there  during  several  of  the 
disastrous  fires  which  swept  San  Francisco  during  the  gold  rush. 
I  have  had  a  few  slides  made — the  picture  of  San  Francisco  was 
taken  from  a  book  called  the  "Fabulous  Forties."  That,  and  the 
pictures  of  the  Challenge  and  Captains  Waterman  and  Lauchlan 
McKay  which  were  in  Clark's  book,  "Clipper  Ships,"  are  used 
with  the  permission  of  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons,  publishers.  The 
other  pictures  are  taken  from  Samuel  Eliot  Morison's  fascinating 
book,  "Maritime  History  of  Massachusetts,"  and  are  shown  with 
permission  of  the  Houghton  Mifllin  Company. 

Imagine  a  Yankee  Rip  Van  Winkle  who  slept  his  twenty 
years  within  hailing  distance  of  the  State  House  dome.  As 
he  looks  about  him  one  day  in  1850  he  sees  throngs  of  people 
making  for  the  water  front.  Half  the  town  crowds  the  wharves 
and  vantage  points  along  old  Broad  street.  Church  bells  are 
ringing.  A  great  cheer  bursts  forth  and  as  he  looks  across  the 
harbor  he  sees  a  long  graceful  vessel  slide  from  a  shipyard's 
ways.  A  vessel  twice  as  large  as  any  he  had  ever  seen,  and 
rigged  to  carry  canvas  three  times  the  utmost   area  that  the  old 


CLIPPER    SHIPS  91 

Boston  East  Indiamen  dared  spread  to  the  lighest  air;  for 
during  the  last  half  of  our  Rip  Van  Winkle's  sleep  there  had 
taken  place  the  greatest  revolution  in  naval  architecture  since 
the  days  of  Hawkins  and  Drake.  The  clipper  ship  Surprise 
w^hich  he  saw  launched  that  day  was  the  first  Boston  represent- 
ative of  a  fleet  of  ships  which  queened  it  on  the  seas  as  no  other 
class  of  ships  ever  did  or  ever  will  again,  because  they  were 
the  result  of  conditions  which  never  will  occur  again.  The 
clipper  ship  blossomed  into  full  flower  with  the  rapidity  of  her 
own  swift  flight  from  horizon  to  horizon  to  meet  a  special  need 
— speed  to  the  California  gold  fields. 

Early  in  184S  the  drowsy  trading  p  )st  in  San  Francisco  bay 
was  aroused  by  a  horseman  riding  into  town,  waving  his  hat 
and  brandishing  a  bottle  of  gold  dust  and  shouting  "Gold! 
Gold!  Gold!  from  the  American  river!"  Soon  half  the 
houses  in  San  Francisco  were  empty,  storekeepers,  lawyers, 
mechanics  and  laborers  all  gone  to  the  Sacramento  gold  fields. 
The  newspaper  Star  had  but  one  printer  left  and  its  rival,  the 
Californian,  suspended  altogether  for  lack  of  men.  Soldiers 
deserted,  and  the  ships  in  San  Francisco  harbor  were  abandoned 
by  their  crews. 

Rumors,  then  detailed  reports,  and  finally  gold  nuggets 
reached  the  east,  and  the  rush  was  on.  Farmers  mortgaged 
their  farms,  workmen  downed  tools,  clerks  left  their  counting 
rooms,  and  ministers  their  pulpits  to  seek  wealth  in  California. 
The  voting  population  in  Nantucket  was  reduced  one-fourth  in 
nine  months.  "In  every  Atlantic  seaport,"  said  the  New  York 
Herald  in  January,  1849,  "vessels  are  being  fitted  up,  societies 
are  being  formed.  All  are  rushing  towards  that  wonderful 
California  which  sets  the  public  mind  on  the  highway  of  insanity. 
Every  day  clubs  of  the  young  educated,  the  best  classes  of  our 
population,  are  leaving  our  shores."  One  of  these  societies  was 
the  Sagamore  and  Sacramento  Company  of  Lynn.  This  com- 
pany— fifty-two  strong — chose  the  overland  route  via  the  South 
Pass  of  the  Rocky  mountains  and  Salt  Lake.  Other  groups  sailed 
to  the  isthmus,  crossed  to  Panama,  and  then  by  ship  again  to  San 
Francisco.  But  this  was  a  too  expensive  route  for  most  of  the 
gold  seekers,  so  between  the  dangers  of  the  Indian  on  the  trail 
and  storms  on  the  sea,  they  choose  the  latter  and  sailed  around 


92  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

Cape  Horn,  but  not  in  clipper  ships,  which  few  emigrants 
could  afford  in  competition  with  the  high  freight  which  the 
crack  vessels  obtained. 

Europe  caught  the  fever,  too,  and  from  England  and  the 
continent,  even  from  France  the  least  migratory  of  nations, 
adventurers  set  forth  for  the  Pacific.  In  1849,  ninety-two  thou- 
sand people  landed  at  San  Francisco  from  various  parts  of  the 
world.  The  country  was  unable  to  provide  for  the  greatly 
increased  population,  so  that  goods  of  many  kinds  had  to  be 
brought  in  from  thousands  of  miles  distant.  The  short  supply  of 
goods,  together  with  the  reckless  purchasing  power  developed  by 
the  gold  production,  created  an  inflated  standard  of  values  and 
prices  rose  enormously.  Naturally  every  ship  afloat  was  sent  to 
California  to  obtain  the  prices  of  '49  which  seem  fabulous  even 
today.  From  April,  1847,  ^°  April,  1848,  four  vessels,  not 
including  whalers,  arrived  at  San  Francisco  from  Atlantic  ports; 
in  1848  seven  hundred  and  seventy-five  rounded  the  Horn  bound 
for  the  Golden  Gate.  The  average  voyage  took  over  one  hun- 
dred and  fifty  days,  yet  on  July  24,  1850,  captains  and  ship 
owners  were  set  agog  by  the  arrival  of  the  clipper  ship  Sea 
Witch  after  a  passage  of  just  under  ninety-seven  days. 

By  way  of  explanation,  "clipper''  means  speedy,  and 
properly  refers  to  the  shape  of  a  vessel's  underbody.  The  term 
ship  refers  to  the  rig,  and  means  a  three-masted  vessel  with 
square  sails  on  all  masts.  One  of  the  first  applications  of 
"clipper"  to  the  sea  was  during  the  War  of  1812  when  some 
swift  privateers  built  at  Baltimore  became  known  as  Baltimore 
clippers.  In  the  early  days  vessels  were  designed  to  skim  over 
the  water.  During  the  Revolutionary  War  there  visited  our 
waters  some  French  boats,  which  were  a  marked  departure  from 
the  skimming  dish  idea.  They  had  deep  hulls  designed  so  as 
to  pass  easily  through  the  water.  They  were  called  French 
luggers,  and  from  them  were  copied  the  Baltimore  clippers, 
with  deep,  narrow  hulls  and  a  fore  and  aft  rig,  not  a  ship's  rig. 
After  privateering,  the  next  contributor  to  the  development  of 
speedy  models  was  the  China  opium  and  tea  trade.  Speed  was 
necessary  there  in  order  to  contend  with  the  strong  tides  and 
currents,  and  to  escape  the  pirates  of  the  China  sea.  The 
success  of  English  ships  in  the  opium  trade  attracted  American 


CLIPPER    SHIPS  93 

merchants  and  in  the  1840s  the  smart  boats  of  famous  New 
England  merchants,  the  Russells  and  Forbes,  had  captured  the 
trade.  While  the  Baltimore  privateers  and  opium  clippers  were 
advances  in  speed,  they  were  small  vessels  with  little  carrying 
capacity.  For  centuries  shipbuilders  believed  that  they  could 
get  either  burden  or  speed,  but  not  both.  But,  as  Morison  puts 
it,  the  Yankee  wanted  both  and  he  got  them. 

When  the  clipper  Sea  Witch  sailed  into  San  Francisco 
after  a  voyage  one-third  shorter  than  that  of  her  contemporaries, 
all  the  mercantile  agencies  demanded  goods  to  be  shipped  by 
clipper  ships  and  the  shipyards  responded. 

The  record  of  the  Sea  Witch,  which  for  three  years  had 
been  regarded  as  the  fastest  ship  on  the  seas,  was  lowered  by 
the  first  clipper  launched  from  a  Massachusetts  shipyard.  The 
Surprise,  Captain  Dumaresq,  reached  San  Francisco  in  ninety- 
six  days,  a  few  hours  less  than  the  fast  passage  of  the  Sea 
Witch.  Interesting  comment  on  this  voyage  appears  in  the  San 
Francisco  newspaper  Alia  California^  April,  i,  1851. 

"Qiiickest  trip  on  record — one  of  the  new  clipper  ships,  the 
Surprise,  Captain  Dumaresq,  entered  the  Golden  Gate  yesterday 
morning,  having  made  a  passage  from  New  York  in  ninety-six 
days.  This  is  the  quickest  passage  on  record,  and  if  ships  can 
be  built  to  make  such  trips  as  this,  steamers  for  a  long  passage 
will  be  at  a  discount.  California  has  done  much  towards  the 
commencement  of  a  new  era  in  shipbuilding,  when  the  heavy 
clumsy  models  of  a  past  day  have  given  way  to  the  new  and  beau- 
tiful one  of  the  Surprise.  One  of  our  most  distinguished  mer- 
chants made  a  bet  with  a  friend  some  six  weeks  since  that  the 
Surprise  would  make  the  passage  in  ninety-six  days — just  the  time 
she  consumed  to  a  day.  Yesterday  morning,  full  of  confidence  he 
mounted  his  old  nag  and  rode  over  to  the  north  beach,  to  get 
the  first  glimpse  of  the  looked  for  clipper.  The  fog,  however, 
was  rather  thick  outside,  and  after  looking  awhile  he  turned 
back  to  town,  but  on  arriving  at  his  counting  room  he  heard  that 
the  Surprise  had  passed  the  Golden  Gate,  and  presently  in 
walked  her  skipper.  Captain  Dumaresq.  She  brought  eighteen 
hundred  tons  of  cargo,  which  may  be  estimated  at  a  value  of 
$200,000.  Her  manifest  is  twenty-five  feet  long."  Her  freight 
on  this  voyage  alone  amounted  to  $78,000  or  $6,000  more  than 
the  entire  cost  of  the  ship. 


94  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

Even  the  record  passage  of  the  Surprise  did  not  stand  long, 
for  there  were  now  coming  off  the  ways  the  wonderful  ships  of 
Donald  McKay.  His  first  clipper,  the  Stag  Hound,  embodied 
such  radical  ideas,  in  his  aim  for  speed,  that  the  underwriters 
insisted  on  charging  extra  premiums  for  her  insurance.  But  she 
was  a  success  from  the  start  and  placed  Donald  McKay  at  the 
head  of  his  profession.  The  following  from  a  New  York 
paper,  the  Mirror^  in  185 1,  is  pretty  good  testimony  about  this 
Boston  ship.  Title,  "The  Winged  Coursers  of  the  Ocean." 
"There  is  a  magnificent  Boston  ship  now  lying  at  the  foot  of 
Wall  street,  bound  for  California,  which  is  really  worth  seeing. 
She  is  appropriately  called  Stag  Hound,  and  for  exquisite  sym- 
metry has  never  been  surpassed  by  anything  afloat.  Boston  has 
been  long  celebrated  for  the  carrying  properties  of  her  ships ; 
but  it  is  something  new  to  see  anything  in  the  clipper  way  built 
there.  Without  much  experience  in  this  class  of  vessels,  she  has 
at  a  bound  placed  herself  almost  in  advance  of  other  ports.  The 
Surprise,  which  has  just  sailed  from  here,  and  the  Stag  Hound 
are  in  every  respect  equal  to  the  most  admired  clipper." 

Then  came  McKay's  famous  Flying  Cloud,  the  best  known 
of  all  clippers.  You  may  judge  for  yourself  whether  she  was 
well  named.  This  ship  was  sold  by  Enoch  Train,  for  whom 
she  was  built,  while  on  the  stocks  at  double  her  contract  price, 
which  he  thought  he  could  not  refuse.  But  afterwards  he  said 
there  were  few  things  in  his  life  that  he  regretted  more  than 
parting  with  the  Flying  Cloud,  and  well  may  he  have  felt  so,  in 
view  of  her  consistently  fast  voyages.  Her  maiden  voyage  of 
eighty-nine  days  to  San  Francisco  was  hailed  as  a  national 
triumph.  When  six  days  out  of  New  York  she  lost  all  three  top 
gallant  masts  and  later  sprung  her  main  masthead,  making  it 
necessary  often  to  shorten  sail  lest  the  mast  be  carried  away 
altogether,  and  her  captain  reported  that  calm  and  baffling  light 
airs  delayed  her  six  days  when  within  three  weeks  sail  of  San 
Francisco.  Thus,  this  record  passage  was  made  under  condi- 
tions by  no  means  ideal.  No  voyage  to  San  Francisco  has  ever 
been  made  by  sailing  vessel  in  less  than  eighty-nine  days;  this 
record  was  repeated  later  by  the  Flying  Cloud  and  equalled  in 
1S60  by  the  Andrew  Jackson.  The  best  twenty-four  hour  day's 
run  on  her  first  trip  was    three  hundred  seventy-four  nautical 


CLIPPER   SHIPS  95 

miles.  "On  several  occasions  when  the  log  was  cast,"  it 
was  recorded,  "she  ran  all  the  line  off  the  reel,  eighteen 
knots,  before  the  glass  had  run  out."  On  her  return  trip,  on 
account  of  her  crippled  mast,  the  ship  could  not  be  driven 
hard,  and  she  was  beaten  by  the  New  York  clipper,  N.  B. 
Palmer,  and  the  result  was  interpreted  by  New  Yorkers  as  a 
triumph  for  New  York  shipbuilders,  which  they  confidently  ex- 
pected would  be  repeated  when  the  two  ships  sailed  on  their 
next  voyage  to  San  Francisco.  The  Flying  Cloud  was  fitted 
with  new  fore  and  main  masts  and  sailed  from  New  York  six 
days  before  the  Palmer,  which  by  reason  of  a  lucky  run  off  the 
coast  had  caught  up  with  her  off  Rio.  Then  with  her  rival  off 
her  weather  bow.  Flying  Cloud  caught  up  with  the  Palmer, 
passed  her  and  left  her  hull  down  twenty-four  miles  astern  within 
twenty-four  hours.  On  reaching  San  Francisco,  Flying  Cloud 
had  regained  her  six  day  head  start  and  twelve  days  besides. 
On  her  next  voyage  Flying  Cloud  encountered  another  crack  New 
York  clipper.  The  Hornet,  and  they  had  an  extremely  close  run. 
Flying  Cloud  winning  by  twenty-five  hours  elapsed  time,  which 
is  fairly  close  for  a  sixteen  thousand  mile  race.  Although  larger 
and  perhaps  faster  clippers  were  afterwards  built  by  Donald 
McKay,  for  weatherliness,  all  around  performance  and  beauty 
of  design,  none  surpassed  the  Flying  Cloud. 

As  there  were  no  return  cargoes  from  San  Francisco,  the 
clippers  usually  went  to  China  for  tea,  thence  home  round  the 
world.  The  tea  trade  was  an  incentive  to  the  development  of 
speedy  ships  even  before  California  became  prominent.  The 
shorter  the  voyage  in  better  condition  was  the  tea,  and  the  first 
ships  to  reach  port  usually  found  the  best  market.  In  this 
Oriental  trade  our  ships  came  into  competition  with  British 
vessels,  and  proved  so  superior  that  John  Bull  came  over  here 
with  a  pot  of  gold  and  went  back  with  some  of  Donald  Mc- 
Kay's fastest  ships.  James  Baines  &  Son,  who  hr.d  the  reputa- 
tion of  having  the  finest  fleet  in  England,  ordered  from  McKay 
four  ships,  the  Lightning,  James  Baines,  Champion  of  the  Seas 
and  the  Donald  McKay. 

To  the  Lightning  is  credited  the  twenty-four-hour  record  of 
any  sailing  ship  up  to  that  time  and  probably  at  any  time  since. 
On  her  trip  to  Liverpool  before  a  southerly  gale  which  carried 


g6  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

away  her  fore  top  sail  and  jib,  she  sailed  four  hundred  and  thirty- 
six  nautical  miles  in  twenty-four  hours.  That  is  an  average  speed 
of  eighteen  knots  per  hour  for  twenty-four  hours,  and  was  not 
equalled  by  any  steamer  until  the  i88os.  Comparing  that 
record  with  modern  steamers,  the  Cunarders,  Samaria,  Scythia 
and  Laconia,  now  in  the  Boston  service,  average  around  four 
hundred  knots  a  day.  The  very  fastest  Cunard  ships,  the  Aqui- 
tania  and  Mauretania,  average  from  five  hundred  to  five  hundred 
and  forty  knots  a  day.  That  compares  with  four  hundred  and 
thirty-six  for  tlie  Lightning's  record  run. 

The  incentive  of  California  freight  rates  alone  w^ould  not 
have  been  sufficient  to  build  the  high  strung  ships  which  made 
these  wonderful  records.  We  have  to  go  back  into  history. 
With  a  long  coast  line  and,  until  the  nineteenth  century,  an  unde- 
veloped interior,  the  seacoast  population  naturally  looked  to  the 
sea  for  its  livelihood  and  a  road  to  market.  The  sailors  in  the 
early  days  w^ere  all  Americans,  young  boys  of  good  families,  at- 
tracted by  good  w-ages — shipmasters  paid  good  wages  in  the 
early  days — and  the  lure  of  the  sea.  Promotion  often  w-as  rapid 
and  many  a  young  man  had  command  of  a  ship  before  he  was 
twenty-five.  Out  of  such  material  there  w^as  developed  a  breed  of 
men  who  could  build  a  ship  and  sail  her  to  any  port  of  the  world 
to  bring  back  a  return  cargo  at  a  substantial  profit.  One  cannot 
get  the  spirit  of  the  clipper  ships  without  considering  captain, 
men  and  ship  as  one  inseparable  whole.  From  living  long  at 
sea  the  sailors  of  those  far  away  days  w^ere  almost  a  race  apart. 
They  talked  a  language  almost  of  their  own.  Although  they 
lived  the  hardest  life  known  to  men,  in  frequent  danger,  con- 
stant exposure,  and  continuous  overwork,  their  feeling  towards 
their  ship  was  akin  to  their  love  of  woman,  they  imbued  her 
with  a  living  personality.  "She's  asking  to  be  eased,"  they 
would  say  when  the  old  man,  as  the  skipper  was  called,  was 
carrying  all  the  sail  he  could.  "She  is  tossing  splinters  about 
now,  but  if  he  don't  take  the  kites  off  she'll  sling  the  ocean  at 
him  or  her  masts  will  go  over  the  side."  Let  us  look  at  some 
of  the  men  who  drove  these  thoroughbreds.  First,  the  skipper 
of  the  Flying  Cloud.  Captain  Josiah  Cressy,  a  Marbleheader. 
He  was  a  ship  captain  at  the  age  of  twenty-three  and  was 
thirty-seven  when  he  took  the  Flying  Cloud. 


CLIPPER    SHIPS  97 

He  made  five  long  voyages  in  her  and  knew  her  every 
mood;  as  the  saying  went,  he  could  make  her  do  anything  but 
talk.  An  incident  of  Captain  Cressy's  ability,  or  Flying  Cloud 
luck,  was  told  as  follows  in  the  Boston  Atlas  of  1856:  "The 
clipper  ship  Flying  Cloud,  Captain  J.  P.  Cressy,  on  her  last 
voyage  from  China  to  New  York,  was  in  the  vicinity  of  Mada- 
gascar, going  along  at  the  rate  of  twelve  knots  with  a  fine  breeze 
on  her  quarter,  when  a  young  man  who  was  passing  a  studding 
sail  tack  aft,  outside  the  bulwarks,  fell  overboard.  The  watch 
was  busy  in  the  forecastle  and  did  not  notice  him.  The  captain 
was  busy  among  the  men  preparing  to  set  another  studding 
sail,  and  the  helmsman  was  intent  only  upon  keeping  the  ship 
upon  her  proper  course.  But  fortunately  Mrs.  Cressy,  the  cap- 
tain's wife,  saw  the  fellow  through  a  port  hole  and  immediately 
ran  on  deck  and  threw  a  lifebuoy  overboard,  then  ran  forward 
with  extended  arms,  too  agitated  to  speak.  'What  is  the  matter 
with  Mrs.  Cressy,'  asked  one  of  the  men  near  the  captain.  'Eh, 
What,'  rejoined  the  captain,  casting  a  glance  on  deck  and  the 
next  second  his  voice  rang  fore  and  aft,  'Hard  down  the  helm 
— one  man  aloft  to  look  out — clear  away  the  lee  quarter  boat — 
call  all  hands!'  He  comprehended  in  an  instant  the  disaster 
which  Mrs.  Cressy  could  not  speak.  The  ship  was  soon  hove  to, 
and  the  quarter  boat  afloat,  with  orders  to  pull  in  the  wake  of 
the  ship  until  recalled  by  signal.  Sail  was  shortened  and  the 
ship  put  about  to  retrace  her  course  as  nearly  as  the  wind  would 
permit.  Captain  Cressy  went  aloft  and  scanned  the  horizon  with 
his  glass,  but  could  see  nothing  of  either  the  man  or  the  lifebuoy. 
When  the  boat  had  been  absent  an  hour,  the  oflicer  who  had 
charge  of  it  returned  to  the  ship,  but  was  again  sent  off  with 
imperative  commands  not  to  return  till  sunset.  And  in  order  to 
spread  the  chance  of  falling  in  with  the  man  another  boat  also 
was  dispatched.  Two  hours  had  elapsed  when  the  lifebuoy  was 
discovered  close  to  the  ship — but  not  the  man.  Both  boats  were 
now  about  three  miles  from  the  ship,  one  on  each  side  of  her 
course,  and  the  captain  inferring  that  the  man  if  afloat,  must  be 
between  the  ship  and  the  boats,  signalled  the  latter  to  return,  in 
the  hope  of  their  finding  the  man,  for  he  still  believed  him  to  be 
alive,  as  he  was  a  young  fellow  of  good  pluck  and  an  excellent 
swimmer.     The  weather  boat  when  about  a  mile  from  the  ship 


98  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

was  seen  to  stern  hard,  as  they  say,  when  her  way  was  stopped, 
then  three  men  reached  over  the  bow,  and  dragged  aboard  their 
long  looked  for  shipmate.  He  had  been  overboard  two  hours 
and  a  half,  and  so  exhausted  it  took  about  ten  days  to  put  him  in 
full  working  order,  but  he  had  never  lost  his  nerve,  for  he  after- 
wards stated  that  he  knew  he  would  be  saved  the  moment  he  saw 
the  ship  rounded  to.  He  was  sure  that  Captain  Cressy  would 
not  give  him  up  as  lost  until  night  set  in.  When  he  was  brought 
on  board  (I  am  still  quoting),  it  must  have  been  a  glorious 
sight  to  see  the  cheerful  alacrity  with  which  the  boats  were 
hoisted,  to  hear  the  stirring  orders.  'Up  helm,  fill  away  the 
afteryards'  and  feel  the  gallant  ship  once  more  majestically  on 
her  course,  under  a  cloud  of  canvas  homeward  bound." 

The  Boston  Traveler^  in  1852  had  this  to  say  of  Donald 
McKay's  brother,  Lauchlan  McKay.  "He  has  a  strong,  vigor- 
ous constitution,  is  a  man  of  dauntless  courage  indomitable 
energy  and  comprehends  the  duties  of  a  ship  in  all  their 
ramifications.  With  a  good  chance  we  expect  him  to  make  the 
shortest  passage  on  record."  He  had  command  of  the  Sovereign 
of  the  Seas,  a  very  extreme  ship  in  which  other  ship  owners 
dared  not  risk  their  money  ;  so  Donald  McKay  built  her  on  his 
own  account,  but  he  did  not  have  to  wait  long  for  a  buyer.  As 
she  lay  outside  port,  cleared  for  her  first  voyage,  McKay  sold 
her  for  the  round  sum  of  $150,000.  Lauchlan  McKay  was  noted 
for  the  way  he  carried  sail,  and  this  is  well  brought  out  by  the 
following  letter  from  a  member  of  the  ship's  crew  on  her  maiden 
voyage. 

"On  board  ship  Sovereign  of  the  Seas,  San  Francisco, 
November,  16,  1852.  In  fullfilment  of  my  promise  at  starting, 
I  now  send  you  some  account  of  our  passage  to  San  Francisco. 
We  sailed  from  New  York,  Aug.  4,  w^ith  a  fine  trading  breeze, 
but  during  the  night  the  wind  changed  ahead  and  blew  a  gale. 
The  noble  ship,  however,  clawed  off  shore  like  a  pilot  boat, 
carrying  whole  top  sails,  courses,  jib  and  spanker.  Here  let  me 
give  you  some  idea  of  the  discipline  of  the  ship.  We  had  a  picked 
crew  of  nearly  one  hundred  men.  They,  of  course,  were  divided 
into  two  watches  but  were  also  stationed,  man-of-war  fashion,  on 
the  forecastle,  in  the  tops,  in  the  waist  and  on  the  quarter  deck ; 
so  that  in  working  ship,  making  or  taking  in  sail,  every  man 


CLIPPER    SHIiPS 


99 


was  at  his  station.  Let  me  tell  you  what  kind  of  a  man  Captain 
McKay  was  to  his  crew.  He  had  stoves  in  their  quarters  and 
hot  coffee  and  tea,  and  provisions  served  out  during  the  night 
as  well  as  the  day,  and  never  exposed  the  men  more  than  was 
absolutely  necessary.  Still  he  carried  on  sail  so  as  to  make  it 
truly  frightful  to  look  aloft,  and  fairly  beat  his  ship  to  windward 
against  head  gales  and  currents.  On  the  night  of  October  12, 
during  a  heavy  gale,  but  carrying  as  usual  a  press  of  canvas, 
away  went  the  topmast  over  the  side,  taking  the  fore  topmast, 
foreyard  and  mizzen  top-gallant  mast,  and  every  stitch  of  canvas 
on  the  foremast.  Here  was  a  disaster  !  The  hands  were  called, 
the  ship  hove  to,  'And,  now,'  said  Captain  McKay  to  the  second 
mate,  'you  take  the  mainmast  and  I  will  take  the  foremast,  and 
let  us  clear  the  wreck.  Remember,  everything  must  be  saved, 
nothing  must  be  cut.'  'Impossible,  sir,'  replied  the  mate,  'we 
must  cut  the  wreck  adrift.'  'I  repeat,'  said  the  captain,  in  a  tone 
of  voice  not  to  be  mistaken,  'nothing  shall  be  cut,'  and  turning  to 
the  crew  'Boys,  I  will  that  everything  shall  be  saved,  now  get  to 
work  like  Trojans,'  and  to  work  they  went  in  earnest.  They 
vied  with  each  other  in  going  overboard  to  clear  the  wreck — 
not  a  murmur  was  heard  fore  or  aft,  and  before  sunset  the  next 
day  everything  was  on  board  and  the  ship  boiling  off  twelve  knots. 
Our  decks  were  lumbered  to  the  leading  blocks.  The  captain 
was  everywhere,  now  setting  a  sailmaster's  gang  to  work  repair- 
ing sails,  next  a  carpenter's  gang  making  and  fitting  masts  and 
yards,  and  the  sailors  generally  to  clearing  the  rigging,  getting 
down  the  stumps  of  the  topmasts,  etc.  Every  man  was 
employed  and  worked  with  a  will,  but  at  night  the  watch  was 
regularly  set,  though  the  captain  himself  slept  not.  The  watch 
on  deck  worked  during  the  night  and  all  hands  during  the  day. 
In  a  week  both  topmasts,  topsail  yards  and  foreyards  were 
aloft  and  the  sails  bent,  and  in  twelve  days  the  ship  was  once  more 
as  complete  aloft  as  if  nothing  had  happened.  If  the  ship  at 
the  time  of  the  disaster,  with  the  wreck  of  the  spars  alongside, 
could  have  been  placed  in  the  harbor  of  San  Francisco,  I  have 
no  hesitation  in  asserting  that  the  damage  could  not  have  been 
repaired  there  for  less  than  $25,000."  Notwithstanding  the 
disaster,  the  Sovereign  of  the  Seas  reached  San  Francisco  in 
one  hundred  and  three  days,  a  run  which  never  was  bettered  by 


100  Lynn  historical  society 

ships  sailing  in  the  month  of  August.  With  the  same  rigging 
which  the  crew  had  repaired,  she  sailed  on  her  return  voyage  an 
average  of  three  hundred  and  twenty-four  nautical  miles  per  day 
for  eleven  consecutive  days,  and  on  one  day  made  four  hundred 
and  twenty-four  miles.  'The  day  she  made  this  run,'  wrote  a 
member  of  her  crew,  *she  had  the  wind  on  the  larboard  quarter, 
and  carried  all  drawing  sail,  from  the  top  gallant  sails  down,  but 
had  the  fore  topmast  been  sound  she  could  have  borne  the 
topmast  studding  sail  also.  The  sea  was  high  and  broken, 
the  weather  was  alternately  clear  and  cloudy,  with  passing 
showers,  and  at  night  we  had  occasional  glimpses  of  moonlight. 
She  ran  about  as  fast  as  the  sea,  and  sometimes  when  struck  by 
a  squall  would  dash  into  a  lazy  wave,  and  send  the  spray  mast- 
head high.  Occasionally  she  would  fly  up  a  point  or  more,  and 
heeling  over,  skim  along  the  deep  valleys  between  the  lofty,  roll- 
ing waves,  and  then  when  brought  to  her  course  again,  righten 
with  majestic  ease,  and,  as  if  taking  a  fresh  start,  would  seem 
to  bound  from  wave  to  wave,  the  seas  the  while  curling  in 
mountains  of  whitening  foam  along  her  side." 

The  next  captain  is  Philip  Dumaresq  who  commanded 
the  finest  Massachusetts  built  clipper,  the  Surprise.  Dumaresq 
was  a  Maine  lad  first  sent  to  sea  for  his  health  and  took  to  it  so 
well  that  he  was  in  command  of  a  ship  at  the  age  of  twenty-two. 
It  is  said  that  on  one  of  his  passages  to  San  Francisco  he  never 
undressed  but  to  change  his  clothes,  nor  slept  in  a  bed  the  whole 
passage.  Though  in  perfect  health,  he  lost  thirty-four  pounds 
during  the  voyage  of  one  hundred  and  seven  days,  but  his  ship 
had  beaten  every  vessel  that  sailed  about  the  same  time,  and  one 
or  two  fancy  New  York  built  clippers  which  sailed  before  her, 
and  that  is  what  counted  with  Captain  Dumaresq.  Imagine 
the  nervous  strain  which  those  ship  commanders  were  under, 
contending,  as  Conrad  puts  it,  "with  the  mighty  breath  of 
the  Infinite,  against  which  at  times  an  array  of  the  strongest 
ropes,  the  tallest  spars,  and  the  stoutest  canvas  were  but 
thistle  stalks,  cobwebs  and  gossamer."  Put  yourself  in  the 
place  of  the  skipper  trying  to  make  a  landfall  in  thick 
weather ;  he  lias  been  driving  his  ship  before  a  smoky  sou'- 
wester and  ne\  cr  a  sight  of  the  sun  for  an  observation  for  day 
after  day  and  somewhere  ahead  the  big  seas  are  piling  up  on  a 


CLIPPER    SHIPS  lOI 

rocky  coast.  It  was  no  wonder  that  occasionally  a  skipper's 
nerves  collapsed  completely.  There  is  an  account  of  an  old 
Scotch  captain,  who,  after  being  many  years  in  the  London 
trade,  was  unexpectedly  chartered  for  Amsterdam.  His  charts 
had  not  been  looked  at  for  some  time  and  his  crew  observed, 
after  some  days  out,  that  their  captain  was  suffering  from  an 
agitated  mind,  which  became  more  and  more  pronounced  as 
their  ship  sailed  sinuously  toward  the  shore  that  he  dreaded,  and 
when  the  clouds  began  to  gather  and  the  wind  freshened  from 
the  west,  he  developed  acute  delusions  of  sand  banks  that  were 
still  far  off.  When  the  mate  suggested  that  the  chart  be  con- 
sulted, the  captain  took  his  advice  and  went  below.  A  moment 
later  he  rushed  on  deck,  shouting,  "Put  down  the  helm  !  We'll 
gang  na  farther  this  way  !  The  bloody  rats  have  eaten  Holland  !" 
Captains  in  Dumaresq's  class  were  paid  $3,000  for  an  outward 
passage  to  San  Francisco  and  $5,000  if  they  made  it  under  one 
hundred  days,  an  accomplishment  twice  credited  to  him,  first  in 
the  Surprise  and  later  in  a  McKay  ship,  the  Romance  of  the  Seas. 
While  American  shipbuilding  was  undergoing  the  remark- 
able development  which  culminated  in  the  clipper  ship  era,  the 
quality  of  the  men  before  the  mast  was  changing  for  the  worse, 
and  by  1S50  the  Yankee  mariner  almost  had  disappeared.  The 
wages  of  the  Federalist  days,  which  were  sufficient  to  attract 
American  youngsters  to  the  sea  in  lack  of  other  opportunities, 
had  remained  stationary  or  declined,  and  in  the  clipper  ship  era, 
with  rising  costs  and  prices,  and  increasing  opportunities  in  in- 
dustry, few  Americans  could  be  induced  to  undergo  the  dangers 
and  hardships  of  the  seaman's  life  on  long  voyages.  Then  the 
ship  owners  turned  to  the  shipping  agencies  which  began  the  sys- 
tem of  shanghaiing  sailors  from  their  boarding  houses.  Vagrants 
of  all  nations  were  drugged  or  gotten  drunk,  carried  off  and 
hoisted  aboard  ship.  With  such  a  crew  Captain  Bully  Water- 
man took  command  of  the  Challenge  for  her  maiden  voyage. 
Waterman  was  the  iron  man  of  clipper  ship  commanders.  He 
had  made  a  great  reputation  as  a  driver  before  the  clipper  ship 
days  and  when  he  took  command  of  the  Challenge,  a  big  clipper 
built  by  the  best  ship-builder  in  New  York,  there  was  great 
interest  in  her  first  performance.  She  had  such  towering  spars 
that  it  was  said  that  while  she  lay  in  New  York  at  the  foot  of 


I02  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

Pine  street  her  bowsprit  reached  over  the  roofs  of  the  stores. 
It  was  freely  predicted  that  she  would  reach  San  Francisco  in 
ninety  days,  and  a  few  were  willing  to  wager  that  she  would 
make  the  passage  in  eighty  days.  When  Watennan  found  on 
clearing  Sandy  Hook  that  he  had  on  board  the  choicest  collection 
of  criminals  that  ever  escaped  the  hangman,  he  was  tempted 
to  return  for  a  new  crew.  But  he  knew  that  flour  was  selling  in 
San  Francisco  at  $44.00  a  barrel  and  that  delay  meant  heavy  loss 
to  shippers,  so  he  decided  to  proceed.  What  happened  on  that 
voyage  is  the  subject  of  controversy.  An  English  writer  paints 
Waterman  as  a  slave  driver  and  murderer,  but  the  American 
version  was  as  follows:  As  was  customary,  the  men  were  mus- 
tered aft  to  be  chosen  in  watches,  when  the  captain  took  occa- 
sion to  address  them.  While  he  did  so  the  mates,  carpenters, 
sailmakers  and  boatswains  were  busy  in  the  forecastle  breaking 
open  the  sea  chests  of  the  crew  and  filling  bag  after  bag  with 
revolvers,  knives,  blackjacks  and  knuckledusters.  The  men 
were  then  marched  up  to  the  main  hatch,  and  one  by  one  had 
the  points  of  their  knives  broken  off  an  inch  from  the  end  by 
the  carpenter.  The  officers  always  were  armed  when  on  deck 
on  that  voyage  ;  but  one  day  the  mate  was  caught  unawares  and 
was  attacked  by  three  men  with  knives.  Captain  Waterman, 
who  was  aft  on  the  poop  deck  taking  an  observation,  rushed 
forward,  seized  a  belaying  pin,  and  one  after  another  the  three 
assailants  crumpled  to  the  deck,  two  of  them  killed.  On  the 
same  voyage  three  men  fell  from  the  rigging  and  were  lost,  and 
five  died  of  illness.  Probably  the  enthusiasts  who  expected  the 
Challenge  to  beat  the  record  had  not  reckoned  on  such  a  crew. 
Waterman  handled  his  men  all  right,  but  he  could  not  contend 
against  the  combination  of  gale  and  flat  calms  which  he  encoun- 
tt  red,  and  the  best  he  could  do  on  that  passage  was  one  hundred 
and  nine  days. 

The  man  who  contributed  more  than  any  other  to  the 
development  of  shipbuilding  in  this  period  was  Donald  McKay, 
who  combined  the  art  of  a  builder  with  a  genius  for  design. 
An  Englisli  writer,  P^asil  Lubbock,  wrote  of  Donald  McKay  : 
"There  is  no  doubt  that  his  was  a  peculiar  genius,  for  certainly 
no  mere  perfection  of  craftsmanship  could  have  produced  his 
wonderful  models.      He  ne\er    had  a  failure:    and    this  is  the 


CLIPPER    SHIPS  103 

more  remarkable  when  we  remember  that  a  ship  is  something 
more  than  a  building  of  wood  and  iron,  and  that  it  has  a  life  of 
its  own,  the  capriciousness  of  which  has  never  been  better 
expressed  than  by  those  well  known  words  of  Solomon  when  he 
confesses  that  of  the  four  things  which  are  too  wonderful  for 
him  to  understand  one  is  'the  way  of  a  ship  in  the  midst  of  a 
sea.'  "  McKay's  organizing  ability  would  have  done  credit  to  a 
present  day  captain  of  industry.  Where  formerly  the  ship- 
wrights had  moved  from  one  job  to  another,  McKay  differenti- 
ated his  labor  and  had  each  man  specialize  on  one  task,  result- 
ing in  a  larger  output  per  man.  And  the  introduction  of  lathes, 
derricks  and  iron  working  machinery  greatly  speeded  up  the 
work.  No  better  idea  of  the  advance  in  the  art  of  shipbuilding 
can  be  gained  than  by  reviewing  the  development  which  reached 
its  zenith  in  McKay's  ship  of  ships,  the  Great  Republic,  and 
remember  that  this  occurred  within  a  period  of  ten  to  fifteen 
years.  First,  the  opium  clipper  Antelope  of  370  tons  liurden, 
then  the  Sea  Witch,  890  tons,  the  Surprise,  1261,  and  the  Stag- 
hound,  McKay's  first  clipper,  1534  tons;  the  Flying  Cloud  was 
1793,  and  the  Sovereign  of  the  Seas,  3431. 

Finally  he  staked  his  entire  fortune  on  the  Great  Republic 
which  registered  4556  tons.  She  was  334  feet  long,  38  feet 
deep,  and  her  main  yard  measured  120  feet.  At  her  launching 
thirty  thousand  people  were  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the 
yard  in  East  Boston,  and  thirty  thousand  more  in  the  North 
End,  Charlestown  navy  yard,  and  Chelsea  bridge.  McKay  was 
offered  $350,000  charter  for  her  from  Liverpool  to  Australia  and 
the  Chincha  islands  and  back  to  Liverpool,  which  he  refused, 
thinking  he  might  do  better  loading  her  for  California,  So  he 
took  her  over  to  New  York,  where  while  loading  at  the  dock  she 
caught  fire  and  burned  to  the  water's  edge.  To  be  sure,  he  got 
$190,000,  insurance,  but  that  was  less  than  the  offer  of  a 
$350,000  charter  for  a  single  voyage. 

Between  1S47  and  1858  our  tonnage  employed  in  foreign 
trade  more  than  doubled  and  our  clipper  ships  controlled  the 
carrying  trade  of  the  world.  But  by  1S55  the  rush  to  the  gold 
mines  was  over  and  settlers  were  producinii;  much  of  the  food 
and  necessities  which  formerly  had  been  sent  by  clippers.  Too 
many  ships  had  been  built  for  the  California  trade  and  freights 


104  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

to  San  Francisco  had  fallen  from  $60.00  a  ton  in  1850  to  $10.00 
in  the  depression  of  1857.  Then  American  merchants  made  a 
great  mistake.  They  continued  building  wooden  sailing  vessels 
after  steam  and  iron  ships  had  demonstrated — not  greater  speed, 
they  did  not  for  years — but  lower  operating  costs  on  normal 
freights  and  larger  carrying  capacity.  Domestic  developments, 
too,  attracted  more  and  more  the  attention  of  far  sighted  busi- 
ness men.  Inter-communication  was  made  easier  by  the  coming 
of  the  railroads  and  the  telegraph,  so  that  it  became  more 
profitable  to  engage  in  manufacturing  and  internal  distribution. 
Thus  the  ascendency  of  our  clipper  ships  lasted  for  a  brief 
period  of  about  twelve  years,  but  the  spirit  which  made  them 
great  endured,  and  blazed  the  path  of  progress  in  later  phases  of 
our  commercial  life.  The  adventurous  spirit  and  rugged  character 
of  the  sailor  reappeared  in  the  cowboy  of  the  plain.  The  far- 
sighted  merchants  who  grasped  the  opportunities  of  the  sea  were 
predecessors  to  the  men  who  pushed  across  the  continent  and 
developed  the  resources  of  the  West.  The  rapid  development 
of  the  shipyard  of  the  clipper  period  was  a  forerunner  of  the 
accomplishments  of  our  great  manufacturers  of  today.  As  long 
as  the  history  of  this  country  is  looked  to  as  a  source  of  inspira- 
tion we  shall  ever  turn  to  the  brilliant  record  of  the  men  who 
built  and  sailed  the  clipper  ships. 


JAMES     GARDNER  IO5 


Sketch  of  the  Life  of  a  Revokitionary  Soldier. 

JAMES   GARDNER,  M.D. 

Written  by  his  daughter,  aged  86, 

Mrs.  Mary  Caroline  Phillips  Bennett 

Richmond,  Virginia. 

Read  by  Mr.  Henry  A.  Sawyer,  April  30,  iQZS- 


Note: — Mr.  Sawyer  prefaced  the  reading  by  saying  that 
one  of  the  interesting  features  of  this  paper  is  that  it  was 
written  by  a  real  daughter  of  the  Revolution,  when  she  was 
eighty-six  years  of  age.  In  1904,  it  came  into  the  hands  of 
Miss  Helen  L.  Stetson,  but  has  never  appeared  in  print.  It 
was  found  that  a  few  of  the  statements  were  not  exactly  accu- 
rate, and  liberty  has  been  taken  to  correct  them  where  the  error 
was  obvious,  yet,  considering  Mrs.  Bennett's  extreme  age,  and 
that  she  wrote  practically  from  memory,  the  sketch  is  remark- 
ably accurate. 

In  the  year  1642,  Richard  Gardner,  Canon  of  Christ  Church, 
London,  England,  came  to  this  country  and  settled  at  Woburn 
near  Boston,  Mass.  My  father.  Dr.  James  Gardner,  was  his 
direct  (4th  generation)  descendant  and  was  born  in  Charles- 
town,  Mass.,  March  8th,  1763 — consequently  was  twelve  years 
old  when  the  Battle  of  Lexington  was  fought. 

"The  Spirit  of  1776"  was  early  instilled  into  him  by  the 
recitals  of  his  cousin,  Henry  Gardner,  who  was  a  member  of 
the  Provincial  Congress,  which  met  in  October,  1774  and  May, 
1775,  and  who  was,  to  quote  Bradford's  New  England  Biog- 
raphy, "a  sincere  patriot,  and  rendered  very  important  service 
to  the  Province,  by  his  diligence  and  fidelity."  He  was  also 
chosen  first  State  Treasurer  under  the  Constitution  in  I'jSo, 
which  office  he  held  until  his  death  in  1782.  When  the  British 
marched  through  Charlestown  on  their  way  to  Lexington  and 
Concord  my  father  rushed  to  his  mother,  exclaiming,  "Mother, 
Mother,  the  British  are  upon  us"  and  boylike  followed  the 
crowd;  I  have  heard  him  say  "he  had  the  proud  distinction  of 


I06  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

bearing  the  first  gun  fired  for  Liberty,  at  the  Battle  of  Lexing- 
ton, April  19th,  1775  !"  At  the  age  of  seventeen,  July,  1780,  he 
entered  the  arnny  and  continued  in  service  six  months  and  a  half. 
Being  so  young  he  was  given  the  position  of  Ensign,  but  later 
became  the  proud  possessor  of  a  musket,  and  his  mother,  fired 
by  zeal  for  the  cause,  and  by  her  son's  enthusiasm,  melted  the 
pewter  plates  (which  in  those  days  were  extensively  used  for 
table  ware)  moulding  the  bullets  with  her  own  hands,  and  send- 
ing her  son  forth  with  her  blessing  on  his  feeble  efforts  and  on 
all  the  brave  soldiers  engaged  in  this  just  and  holy  war !  I 
remember  hearing  my  father  relate  some  of  the  hardships  he 
experienced  while  in  winter  quarters  during  the  year  of  1780- 
81  at  Morristown,  N.  J.  The  winter  being  one  of  unusual 
severity,  and  provisions  very  scarce,  the  soldiers  were  given  a 
small  allowance  for  the  day's  rations,  which  many  of  them 
would  divide  into  three  parts  to  answer  for  the  semblance  of 
three  meals.  My  father,  more  practical,  cooked  and  ate  all  of 
his  at  one  time,  thereby  gaining  much  more  nourishment  from 
it,  and  at  least  appeasing  his  hunger  once  a  day.  He  was  in 
the  engagements  around  New  York  and  West  Point.  I  have  a 
vivid  recollection  of  his  telling  us  of  Arnold's  treachery,  and  of 
his  great  sympathy  for  the  unfortunate  British  officer.  Major 
Andre — these  events  transpiring  while  he  was  in  service.  The 
musket  which  he  used,  an  old  fiint-lock,  was  in  our  possession 
until  the  evacuation  of  Richmond  in  the  war  of  1861-65,  when 
it  w^as  unfortunately  burned  with  many  other  valuables.  His 
term  of  service  expiring  in  January,  1781,  he  returned  to  quiet 
life,  entered  Harvard  College  and  graduated  in  178S,  receiving 
the  distinction  of  a  "Phi  Beta  Kappa"  medal,  which  honor  was 
only  conferred  upon  the  iirst  eight  in  the  class.  He  loved  his 
Alma  Mater  and  never  failed  (if  his  professional  duties  allowed) 
to  go  yearly  to  the  final  exercises.  It  is  stated  in  the  History  of 
Woburn,  Mass.,  "that  from  the  foundation  of  Harvard  to 
father's  time  twenty  of  his  family  were  graduates  and  several  of 
them  members  of  the  Phi  Beta  Kappa  Society."  Sul>sequently 
he  graduated  from  the  Massachusetts  Medical  School,  moved  to 
Lynn  in  1792,  and  there  was  a  skilful,  and  useful  physician, 
beloved  and  respected  by  the  entire  community  until  his  death 
in  1 83  I.      He  was  a  stockholder  in  the   Lynn  Mechanics  Bank, 


JAMES     GARDNER  I07 

1814,  and  President  of  the  Lynn  Mutual  Fire  Insurance  Com- 
pany, 1828;  was  on  a  committee  for  establishing  a  school  for 
young  men  ;  a  member  of  Mt.  Carmel  Lodge  until  it  was  dis- 
solved, and  Deputy  Grand  Master  of  the  3nd  District  of  Massa- 
chusetts, appointed  in  18 10  to  that  office  by  lion.  Josiah  Bartlett, 
Grand  Master  of  Massachusetts  Masons.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  "Old  Tunnel  Meeting  House"  and  I  can  remember  accom- 
panying him  there,  when  I  was  very  small;  he  was  zealous  in 
every  thing  pertaining  to  its  welfare,  a  benevolent,  charitable 
and  public  spirited  Christian  man.  He  was  married  three  times. 
His  first  wife  was  Susanna  Flagg,  daughter  of  Dr.  John  Flagg, 
a  prominent  citizen  and  Revolutionary  soldier.  They  had 
several  children,  three  of  whom  grew  to  manhood.  Dr.  John 
Flagg,  the  eldest,  settled  in  Ipswich,  Mass.  The  second,  James 
Henry,  settled  in  Richmond,  Va.,  a  highly  respected  citizen. 
He  died  Sept.  loth,  1S77.  Ebenezer  Francis,  who  also  lived 
in  Virginia,  died  at  Natural  Bridge.  Dr.  Gardner  married  for 
his  second  wife.  Content  Phillips  and  for  his  third  wife  her 
sister,  Mary  Phillips,  both  daughters  of  the  late  Benjamin 
Phillips  of  Lynn.  By  his  second  wife  he  had  two  daughters, 
Mrs.  M.  A.  D.  Carleton  and  Mrs.  Susan  L.  Pellett ;  both  lived 
and  died  in  Richmond,  Va.  My  mother,  the  third  wife,  Mary 
Phillips,  left  two  sons,  William  H.  and  Benjamin  Phillips 
Gardner  and  five  daughters  of  whom  only  two  survive,  Julia  G. 
and  myself.  We  have  the  pleasure  of  being  honorary  members 
of  the  Commonwealth  and  Old  Dominion  Chapters  of  the 
D.A.R.  of  Richmond,  Va. 

My  father  first  resided  in  the  "Flagg  House."  Subse- 
quently he  purchased  a  home  on  Boston  Street  near  Bridge 
Street  where  he  lived  until  his  death.  His  neighbors  were  Levi 
Robinson  ;  Mrs.  Mary  Lewas,  mother  of  the  Historian  Alonzo 
Lewis,  and  her  family ;  Amariah  Childs  lived  opposite, — the 
owner  of  the  Chocolate  Mills  at  Saugus,  just  one  mile  westward 
of  his  residence;  Mr.  Blanchard,  "Master  Blanchard  of  blessed 
memory"  so  called  by  all  the  troop  of  happy  boys  whom  he 
taught  in  a  schoolhouse  on  Federal  Street  above  the  old  Sweetser 
house,  and  doubtless  did  not  "spare  the  rod"  so  popular  in  those 
old  days.  Next  was  Burchsted  Johnson,  a  kind  friend,  near  by 
Mrs.  Lois  Newhall,  mother  of   the    courtly  gentlemen,  James 


Io8  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

Newhall,  who  lived  many  years  in  Lynchburg,  Va.,  but  he 
returned  to  Lynn  and  passed  the  remainder  of  his  days  in  his 
quiet  childhood's  home.  Among  the  worthy  citizens  of  my 
father's  neighborhood  on  Boston  Street  was  George  Martin,  a 
faithful  Christian  gentleman.  He  married  Cousin  Judith  Collins 
for  his  second  wife.  I  remember  her  well, — a  prim  little  body, 
we  were  all  very  fond  of  her.  His  first  wife  was  an  aunt  to 
Admiral  Mortimer  Johnson's  mother,  Ruth  Pratt  (my  dear 
friend).  They  lived  in  the  "Thunder  and  Lightning  house" 
just  beyond  our  home  and  I  was  devoted  to  them.  All  excel- 
lent people.  It  was  a  pleasant  neighborhood  wiih  all  that 
name  stands  for  in  the  old-fashioned  sense.  But  time  and 
change  have  strangely  altered  all  things.  Their  home  was  called 
"Thunder  and  Lightning  house"  from  the  fact  that  Myles  Shorey 
and  his  wife  were  killed  in  it  during  a  severe  electrical  storm. 
Mr.  Martin  was  a  zealous  member  of  the  First  Congregational 
Church  in  Lynn. 

"All  are  scattered  now  and  fled, 
Some  are  married,  some  are  dead; 
And  when  I  ask  with  throbs  of  pain, 
Ah  !  when  shall  they  all  meet  again  ! 
As  in  the  dajs  long  since  gone  by, 
The  ancient  time-piece  makes  reply, — 

Forever — Never ! 

Never — forever  !" — Longfellow . 


The    AMERICAN    ADVENTURE  I09 


THE  AMERICAN  ADVENTURE,— 

An  Interpretation  of  the  Revolution 

By  Rev.  Frederic  W.  Perkins,  D.D., 

A  paper  read  before  the  Lynn  Historical  Society  October  15,  1925.* 


We  are  met  here  as  Sons  of  the  American  Revokition.  Our 
right  to  be  here  was  created  for  us  by  the  sacrificial  devotion  of 
the  statesmen  of  the  Continental  Congress  who  declared  our 
independence  and  the  soldiers  who  made  good  that  declaration 
from  Lexington  in  the  north  to  Yorktown  in  the  south.  That 
heritage  is  unspeakably  precious.  No  title  of  nobility  can  con- 
fer a  greater  honor  or  impose  a  more  sacred  obligation.  Only 
by  accepting  the  obligation  can  we  justify  the  honor.  In  our 
democratic  philosophy  of  government  and  life  there  is  no  place 
for  a  privileged  caste,  however  exalted  its  origin  or  motive. 
Pride  of  descent  must  ever  be  ratified  by  worth  of  descendants. 
The  fathers  are  honored  only  by  the  consecration  of  the  sons. 
Sons  who  are  only  descendants  have  broken  the  spiritual  succes- 
sion that  transmits  living  ideals  from  generation  to  generation. 

A  marshal  of  France,  raised  by  Napoleon  from  the  ranks 
of  that  marvelous  army  of  which  it  was  said  that  every  private 
carried  a  marshal's  baton  in  his  knapsack,  was  standing  in  the 
presence  of  the  Emperor  of  Austria.  "Who  are  your  ances- 
tors?" asked  the  arrogant  Hapsburg.  "Sire,"  answered  the 
marshal  proudly,  "I  am  an  ancestor!" 

Of  like  spirit  must  be  the  answer  of  every  Son  of  the 
American  Revolution  to  the  challenge  of  a  noble  pedigree. 
Sons  of  prophets  must  themselves  be  prophets,  forward  looking 
men,  seers  of  visions,  loyal  to  truth  and  righteousness,  believing 
in  their  power  in  the  time  of  struggle  and  outward  uncertainty 
before  the  day  of  vindication  and  fulfillment  has  come. 

Now,  I  take  it,  that  is  the  deep  reason  for  our  coming 
together — not  simply  to  recount  the  mighty  deeds  of  men  of  old, 
but,  if  possible,  to  receive  a  double  portion  of  their  spirit.  Who 
were  these  men  of  the  Revolution  and  the  days  of  debate  and 
protest  that  led  to  revolt?  They  were  neither  demi-gods  or 
plaster  saints,  on  the  one  hand,  nor  merely  commonplace  men 
of  the  usual  assortment  of  routine  excellence  and  petty  foibles, 

*Given   originally  at  the  convention  of  the  Sons  of   the  American   Revolution,  in 
Nashville,  Tenn. 


no  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

on  the  other.  They  were,  for  the  most  part,  certainly  as  repre- 
sented in  such  leaders  as  Washington,  Franklin  and  Alexander 
Hamilton,  John  Adams  and  Thomas  Jefferson,  Samuel  Adams 
and  Patrick  Henry,  Robert  Livingston,  Edward  Rutledge  and 
John  Dickinson,  an  unusual  group  of  men  who  saw  straight, 
and  thought  straight,  and  acted  straight  in  a  momentous  histori- 
cal crisis  in  which,  as  we  now  see,  the  political  fortunes  of  the 
world  were  involved. 

I  know  of    nothing  higher  and  truer  to  say  of  these  men 
than  that  they  were  daring  spiritual  adventurers,  worthy  repre- 
sentatives of  that  heroic  breed  who,  in  all  ages,  have  pledged 
their  "lives,  fortunes  and  sacred  honor"  for  a  principle.     Such 
did  Daniel  Webster  deem  them  to  be  when  he  said  of  the  men 
drawn  up  on  Lexington  Green  in  the  gray  April  dawn  :    "They 
poured  out  their  generous  blood  like  water  before  they  knew 
whether  it  would  fertilize  the  land  of  freedom  or  of  bondage." 
That  has  always    been  the    distinctive  characteristic    of  God's 
chosen  ones.     They  have  taken  life  as  a  thrilling  adventure,  a 
hazard  of    new  fortune,  an  opportunity  to  take  seemingly  reck- 
less chances  for  ends  yet    unwon.      So  it  was  with  Moses,  the 
deliverer,  who    "endured  as  seeing  the    invisible."     So  was  it 
with  Abraham,  who  "went  forth  not  knowing  whither  he  went." 
So  was  it  with  the  little  company  in  the  Mayflower,   of  whom 
Bradford  wrote  :     "A  great  hope  and  inward  zeal  they  had  of 
laying  some  good  foundation, — yea,  though  they  should  be  but 
even   as  stepping  stones  unto  others  for  the  performing  of    so 
great  a  task."     And  unless  Washington,  cautious,  prudent,  care- 
ful weigher  of    expediencies  though  he  was,  had  had  the  fiery 
soul  of  the  adventurer,  he  would  never  have  accepted  the  call  to 
lead  what   a  recent  historian   has  called  "almost  the  most  hair- 
brained  enterprise  in  history,"  with  no  organized  government  to 
support  him  and  only  faith  in   a  cause  and   a  people  to  sustain 
him.     It   is  this  spirit  of  adventure  for  a  principle  of  which  we 
are  heirs.     Any  interpretation  of  our  genius,  any  recounting  of 
our  history,  that  omits  it  or  treats  it  as  incidental  has  missed  the 
point  and  distorted  the  scale  of  American  values.      We  are  the 
sons  of    a   race    of    spiritual   j^ioneers.      The  soul  of    America 
speaks  in   tlie  living  faith  tliat   law-abiding  lil^erty,  responsible 
self-government,  sacrificial  brotherhood  can  be  and  must  be  the 


THE    AMERICAN    ADVENTURE  til 

constructive  forces  of  abiding  civilization.  That  was  the  faith 
of  the  American  Revolutionists,  sometimes  articulate,  oftener 
instinctive.     That  must  be  the  faith  of  their  spiritual  sons. 

"Have  the  elder  races  halted? 
Do  thej  droop  and  end  their  lesson,  wearied  over  there 

beyond  the  seas? 
We  take  up  the  task  eternal,  and  the  burden  and  the  lesson, 

Pioneers!     O  Pioneers!" 

"All  the  past  we  leave  behind; 
We  debauch  upon  a  newer,  mightier  world,  varied  world; 
Fresh  and  strong  the  world  we  seize,  word  of  labor  and 

the  march. 

Pioneers!     O  Pioneers  !" 

Now  this  conception  of  the  American  Revolution  as  an 
embarking  on  a  mighty  spiritual  adventure  does  not  mean  that  it 
had  no  antecedents  or  preparation.  It  was  not  a  historical 
orphan.  When  James  Otis,  in  1761,  declared  in  his  epoch- 
making  argument  against  the  issuance  of  general  search- 
warrants  that  it  was  a  "kind  of  power,  the  exercise  of  which 
had  cost  one  king  of  England  his  head  and  another  his  throne," 
he  spoke  as  an  Englishman,  conscious  of  the  backing  of  a  long 
line  of  heroic  leaders  in  the  struggle  for  political  freedom  which 
had  been  waged  for  generations  on  English  soil  and  was  now 
transferred  to  America.  No  one  can  read  the  Declaration  of 
Independence  as  a  historical  document  without  perceiving  that 
it  is  more  than  a  general  statement  of  abstract  theories  of  human 
rights.  Rather  does  it  re-assert  specific  immemorial  rights 
which  Englishmen  had  won,  which  had  been  guaranteed  them 
as  Englishmen  in  their  colonial  charters,  and  which  George  III 
and  his  Tory  accomplices  had  violated.  To  be  sure,  the 
Declaration  opens  with  certain  general  propositions  of  an  ideal- 
istic sort,  sometimes  sneered  at  as  "glittering  generalities," 
which  reflect  the  philosophic  mind  of  Thomas  Jefferson  and 
which  entitle  the  document  to  a  foremost  place  in  universal  politi- 
cal literature.  The  passionate  heart  of  the  immortal  Declara- 
tion, however,  is  not  in  those  preliminary  theorizings ;  it  is  in 
the  specific  indictments  against  the  English  government  of  that 
time,  and  every  one  of  them  echoes  particular  battles  which 
Englishmen  had  been  fighting  for  over  five  hundred  years. 


112  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

Listen  to  a  few  items  in  the  indictment : 

"lie  (King  George)  has  refused  his  assent  to  laws  the 
most  wholesome  and  necessary  for  the  public  good. 

"He  has  dissolved  representative  houses  repeatedly  for 
opposing,  with  manly  firmness,  his  invasions  on  the  rights  of 
the  people. 

"He  has  made  judges  dependent  on  his  will  alone  for  the 
tenure  of  their  offices  an  1  the  amount  and  payment  of  their 
salaries. 

"He  has  kept  among  us  in  times  of  peace  standing  armies 
without  the  consent  of  our  legislatures. 

"He  has  affected  to  render  the  military  power  independent 
of,  and  superior  to,  the  civil  power. 

"For  imposing  taxes  on  us  without  our  consent. 

"For  depriving  us,  in  many  cases,  of  the  benefits  of  a  trial 
by  jury." 

Every  one  of  these  protests  was  against  the  violation  of  an 
ancient  right.  Those  revolutionary  forebears  of  ours  were  not 
wandering  in  the  shadowy  wastes  of  abstract  speculation ;  they 
were  traveling  familiar  ground.  The  Declaration  of  Independ- 
ence, while  it  brought  forth  a  new  nation,  was,  to  the  men  who 
framed  it,  the  last  in  a  historic  series  of  revolts  against  royal 
prerogatives.  It  was  the  voice  of  the  Barons  at  Runnymede 
who  wrested  the  Great  Charter  from  King  John.  It  was  the 
voice  of  the  Puritans  who  sent  Charles  I  to  the  scaffold,  and 
expelled  the  Stuarts  from  England,  and  called  William  and 
Mary  to  a  throne  declared  to  be  forever  subordinate  to  the  will 
of  Parliament.  The  Declaration  of  Independence  and  the  vic- 
tory at  Yorktown  that  sealed  it  did  more  than  free  America. 
They  ensured,  as  Fiske  has  stated,  "the  downfall  of  the  only 
serious  danger  with  which  English  liberty  has  been  threatened 
since  the  expulsion  of  the  Stuarts."  Because  our  fathers  won 
the  American  Revolution,  Canada  and  South  Africa  and  Aus- 
tralia and  Ireland  are  self-governing  nations  in  the  British 
Commonwealth  of  Nations  today. 

It  is  worth  while  to  remind  ourselves  of  this  long  historical 
preparation  for  the  great  American  adventure,  because  the 
attempt  is  made  to-day  to  underemphasize  its  significance,  on 
the  one  hand,  and  to  overemphasize  it  on  the  other. 

On  the  one  side,  wc  are  asked  to  believe  that  the  American 


THE    AMERICAN    ADVENTURE  Il3 

colonists  were    an    original  race,  indigenous   to    the  American 
soil,  as  unrelated  to  any  European  power  as  the  native  Indians, 
a  people  over  whom  a  grasping  and  alien  England  had  usurped 
a  dominion  that  never  was  rightly  hers,  which,  by  native  virtue, 
the  down-trodden  victims  had  thrown  off.     It  is  a  conception 
not  free  from  suspicion  of   being  inspired  more   by  hatred    of 
England  than  by  love  of  America.     Whatever  its  origin,  it  is  a 
theory  as  grotesque   as   untrue.     It    would    have    seemed    the 
wildest  absurdity  to  the  brave  men  whose  sons  we   are  proud  to 
be.     They  believed  they  were  developing,  in  the  freer  air  of  a 
new  world,  the  institutions  of  ordered  freedom  which  they  had 
brought  with  them  from  the  home  of  their  fathers.     Not  all  the 
colonists  came  from  England,  but  they  came  to  a  land  which 
English  ideals    and    institutions    had    opened    to    them.     The 
American  colonists  revolted    from    the  English    crown  and  its 
subservient    Parliament  in  order    to    preserve    unbroken    their 
spiritual  kinship  with  the  soul  of  the  English  race,  and  never 
were  they  truer  to  their  ancestry  than  when  they  did  it.     It  is 
not  belittling  America,  it  is  simply  accounting  for  it,  to  assert 
that.     The  memorable  words  of  Lord  Chatham  are  an  everlast- 
ing reminder  of  the  significance  of  the  Revolution  in  its  relation 
to    its    historic    past :     "I    rejoice  that  America  has    resisted. 
Three  millions  of  people   so  dead  to  all  feelings  of  liberty  as 
voluntarily  to  submit  to  be  slaves  would  have  been  fit  instru- 
ments to  make    slaves  of  all  the  rest."     No  man,  in  order  to 
assert  his  independence,  is  required  to  hate  the  mother  that  bore 
him.     No  American,  in  order  to  prove  his  Americanism,  is  re- 
quired to  deny  the  spiritual  roots  of  the  principles  for  which  his 
Revolutionary  ancestors  sacrificed,  fought  and  died. 

That  is  one  side  of  the  truth,  that  certain  elements  alien  to 
our  American  genius  are  prone  to  underemphasize,  if  not  to 
deny.  On  the  other  hand,  it  is  a  side  whose  overemphasis  robs 
the  American  adventure  of  its  historic  distinctiveness.  The 
scientific  method  of  writing  history,  that  seeks  to  interpret 
effects  by  their  causes  and  institutions  by  their  origins,  is  of  in- 
calculable service  in  making  the  story  of  human  endeavor 
understandable.  It  has  given  us  a  picture  of  orderly  develop- 
ment in  place  of  a  series  of  disconnected  romantic  episodes. 
But,  like  the  whole  evolutionary  theory  of  life,  of  which  it  is  an 


114  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

aspect,  it  has  too  often  suffered  a  serious  perversion.  It  has 
had  a  tendency  to  interpret  results  solely  by  their  origins  and  to 
rate  the  earliest  in  time  as  the  highest  in  value.  It  virtually 
revises  the  ancient  standard  and  makes  it  run,  "Not  by  their 
fruits  but  by  their  roots  shall  ye  know  them."  The  important 
thing  about  humanity  or  a  nation  is  not  where  it  began  but 
what  it  has  become. 

This  defect  has  appeared  in  recent  years  in  the  wholly 
laudable  effort  to  write  American  history  in  the  scientific  spirit 
and  in  truly  historical  method.  We  are  told  that  the  American 
Revolution  was  caused  simply  because  an  autocratic  king  and 
an  imperialistic  ministry  on  one  side  of  the  ocean  and  a  lot  of 
self-willed  malcontents  on  the  other  could  not  agree  on  the 
administration  of  the  British  Empire ;  that  the  problem  of 
governing  colonies  in  such  a  manner  as  to  preserve  both  central 
control  and  local  freedom  was  a  new  and  difficult  one ;  that  if 
the  English  government  was  disposed  to  press  its  control  to  a 
degree  that  threatened  colonial  self-government,  the  colonies 
were  disposed  to  press  abstract  theories  of  representation  to  the 
point  of  virtual  secession,  which  no  self-respecting  govern- 
ment could  permit;  that  the  whole  controversy  had  no  clear 
issue  of  right  or  wrong  in  it,  was  most  unfortunate,  and  the 
Revolution  was  a  regrettable  incident  in  the  development  of  the 
Commonwealth  of  English-speaking  peoples.  The  upshot  of 
it  all  is  that  the  American  Republic  is  regarded  as  simply  an 
incident,  not  to  say  an  accident,  in  the  historical  development  of 
the  Anglo-Saxon  race,  the  largest  and  most  influential  to  be 
sure,  but  yet  no  more  distinctive  than  Canada  or  Australia  or 
the  Mother  Country  itself.  Its  independence,  source  of  natural 
pride  to  Americans,  need  not  have  occurred. 

Now  how^  did  such  a  preposterous  theory  ever  arise?  It  is 
not  to  be  attributed,  I  believe,  in  any  serious  degree,  to  British 
propaganda — that  convenient  bogy  of  anti-British  imagination. 
Nor  does  it  spring  from  any  belated  re-incarnation  of  the  ghost 
of  Benedict  Arnold.  It  results  from  an  over-stressing  of  the 
English  origin  of  the  principles  for  which  the  American  Revolu- 
tionists fought.  Added  to  that  is  the  *'mush  of  concession," 
which  vitiates  too  much  of  the  present  day  desire,  laudable  in 
itself,  to  magnify  the  spiritual  unities  that    bind  America  and 


THE    AMERICAN    ADVENTURE  II5 

Great  Britain  together  in  these  days  of  world  chaos,  when  the 
leaves  of  their  tree  are  needed  for  the  healing  of  the  nations. 
Such  flabby  sentiment alism  is  offensive  to  all  self-respecting 
Americans  and  fails  to  win  the  respect  of  Britons  whose  respect 
is  worth  having.  America  is  not  a  segment  of  the  British 
Empire  turned  adrift.  It  is  a  new  nation,  set  apart  to  defend 
certain  principles  of  orderly  self-government,  of  liberty  under 
law,  and  to  embody  them  in  a  unique  form  of  political  organiz- 
ation. 

It  is  something  less  than  a  half-truth  to  say  that  the  cause 
of  the  American  Revolution  was  simply  a  family  misunder- 
standing of  the  nature  of  the  British  Empire.  Misunderstand- 
ing, indeed,  there  was,  but  it  arose  over  a  basic  principle,  not 
an  administrative  detail.  We  can  go  wholeheartedly  with  such 
a  candid,  judicially  minded  historian  as  John  Fiske  when  he 
says:  "The  problem  was  really  a  new  one  in  political  history; 
and  there  was  no  adequate  precedent  to  guide  the  statesmen  in 
dealing  with  the  peculiar  combination  of  considerations  it  in- 
volved.— The  case  had  its  peculiar  conditions,  which  the 
British  Constitution  in  skilful  hands  would  no  doubt  have  proved 
elastic  enough  to  satisfy ;  but  just  at  this  time  the  British  Con- 
stitution happened  to  be  in  very  unskilful  hands,  and  wholly 
failed  to  meet  the  exigencies  of  the  occasion.  The  chief  diffi- 
culty lay  in  the  fact  that  while,  on  the  one  hand,  the  American 
principle  of  no  taxation  without  representation  was  sound  and 
just,  on  the  other  hand  the  exemption  of  any  part  of  the  British 
Empire  from  the  jurisdiction  of  Parliament  seemed  equivalent  to 
destroying  the  political  unity  of  the  empire.  This  could  not 
but  seem  to  any  English  statesman  a  lamentable  result,  and  no 
English  statesman  felt  this  more  strongly  than  Lord  Chatham." 
All  that  we  can  concede  as  to  the  difficulty  of  a  problem  which 
the  friendliest  of  negotiators  would  have  found  very  perplexing. 
But  we  must  with  even  greater  emphasis  reiterate  Fiske's  further 
observation  that  "the  only  practicable  solution  would  have  been 
the  frank  and  cordial  admission  by  the  British  government  of 
the  essential  soundness  of  the  American  position,  that,  in  accord- 
ance with  the  entire  spirit  of  the  English  Constitution,  the  right 
of  levying  taxes  in  America  resided  only  in  the  Colonial  legisla- 
tures, in  which    alone    American   freemen    can    be  adequately 


Il6  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

represented."  That  frank  admission  the  English  government 
would  not  make.  The  American  insistence  was  right ;  the 
English  refusal  was  wrong.  No  reappraisal  of  other  factors  in 
the  problem,  economic,  political,  personal,  must  be  allowed  to 
obscure  the  truth. 

Any  adequate  teaching  of  our  history  must  make  it  clear 
that  our  Revolutionary  fathers  fought  on  the  right  side  of  one 
of  the  great  issues  in  the  moral  development  of  mankind.  "The 
embattled  farmers"  at  Concord  Bridge  may  not  have  realized 
that  "the  shot  heard  round  the  world"  was  a  salute  to  a 
new  nation  ;  but  they  did  know  that  they  had  put  a  principle 
above  expediency  or  the  counsels  of  timid  prudence.  They  were 
faithful  to  a  prophetic  vision  at  whatever  cost  to  the  traditions 
of  the  past.  We  are  the  sons  of  great-hearted  spiritual  adven- 
turers. 

What  was  the  soul  of  their  great  adventure? 

Whenever  I  am  in  the  city  of  New  York  I  like  to  go  dow^n 
to  the  lower  end  of  Fifth  Avenue  and  read  the  inscription  carved 
on  the  Washington  Arch:  "Let  us  raise  a  standard  to  which 
the  wise  and  honest  may  repair;  the  event  is  in  the  hand  of 
God." 

It  was  at  the  opening  of  the  Constitutional  Convention  of 
1787  that  Washington  uttered  those  impressive  words.  The 
states  were  drifting  into  anarchy.  The  confederacy  was  threat- 
ened with  dissolution.  Independence  had  been  achieved,  but 
order  and  stability  seemed  to  have  been  lost.  Something  must 
be  done  or  freedom  would  die  of  internal  weakness.  What 
should  it  be?  Many  were  the  counsels  of  timidity.  Few  dared 
propose  the  heroic  remedies  that  all  felt  were  required.  Then 
it  was  that  Washington,  with  the  same  quick  decision  that  led 
to  the  dramatic  strokes  at  Trenton  and  at  Yorktown,  rose  in  his 
place  and  spoke  the  word  of  the  hour.  "It  is  too  probable,"  he 
said,  "that  no  plan  we  propose  will  be  adopted.  Perhaps 
another  dreadful  conflict  is  to  be  sustained.  If,  to  please  the 
people,  we  offer  what  we  ourselves  disapprove,  how  can  we  after- 
ward defend  our  work?  Let  us  raise  a  standard  to  which  the 
wise  and  honest  may  repair;   the  event  is  in  the  hand  of  God." 

That  statement  of  Washington  reveals  the  heart  of  the 
American  faith.     It  implies  that  America  relies  for  its  very  life 


THE    AMERICAN    ADVENTURE  II7 

on  the  reality  and  dependableness  of  fundamental  spiritual 
forces.  Because  the  event  is  in  the  hand  of  God,  Americans 
can  hope  to  succeed  if  they  trust  God  by  trusting  the  best  in 
their  fellowmen.     That  is  the  American  religion. 

What  do  we  mean  by  trusting  our  fellow-men  ?  It  does  not 
mean  blind  following  of  every  multitudinous  popular  clamor.  It 
does  not  mean  that  the  majority  is  always  right.  It  means  that 
the  majority  can  be  made  to  choose  the  right  if  we  keep  it  before 
them  and  believe  that  in  their  hearts  they  really  want  it. 
Democracy  has  often  lifted  up  the  slogan  :  "The  voice  of  the 
people  is  the  voice  of  God."  Not  necessarily.  The  voice  of  the 
people  is  the  voice  of  God  only  when  it  is  the  voice  of  a  people 
honestly  listening  for  the  voice  of  God  and  conscientiously  willing 
to  heed  it.  Otherwise  it  is  merely  the  cry  of  the  particular  form 
of  selfishness  that  is  able  to  command  the  most  votes.  Given  a 
common  desire  to  find  the  right  and  do  it,  at  whatever  personal 
cost,  then  majority  opinion  is  the  surest  method  of  deciding  what 
is  right,  of  detecting  the  voice  of  God  in  the  midst  of  many 
clamorous,  worldly  voices.  But  in  the  absence  of  such  a 
common  desire  majority  rule  is  simjoly  the  tyranny  of  numbers. 
The  autocracy  of  the  crowd  is  no  more  democratic  than  the 
autocracy  of  a  king  or  a  priest  or  a  captain  of  industry  or  a 
labor  leader.  It  is  simply  a  transfer  from  a  tyranny  that  has 
grown  irksome  to  a  rule  whose  tyrannies  are  yet  to  appear. 

It  is  no  small  adventure  on  which  we  Americans  have  set 
out — to  establish  democracy,  free  from  the  support  of  a  priv- 
ileged ruling  class.  It  involves  a  stupendous  faith  in  the  latent 
capability  and  willingness  of  the  average  man  to  recognize  and 
follow  the  best.  It  was  not  completed  when  our  fathers  over- 
threw the  rule  of  the  King  and  Parliament  of  England.  It  was 
only  begun.     It  is  for  us  as  sons  and  our  sons'  sons  to  finish. 

We  have  never  yet  realized  our  ideal  of  a  truly  democratic 
society.  We  have  always  recognized,  in  custom  if  not  in  law, 
a  ruling  class  — whether  the  monarch  on  his  throne,  the  noble 
in  his  palace,  the  priest  in  his  sanctuary,  the  capitalist  in  his 
office,  or  the  triumvirate  of  parson,  squire  and  doctor  in  the 
rural  village.  To-day  it  is  more  apt  to  be  the  labor  union  or 
the  soviet.  We  have  been  overthrowing  autocracies,  azicient 
and  modern.     To  the  king  and  priest  we  have  said,  "Abdicate"  ! 


Il8  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

To  the  autocrat  of  corporate  wealth  we  are  saying,  "Abdicate"  ! 
To  the  autocrat  of  labor  we  are  about  to  say,  "Abdicate"  ! 
And  to  the  proletarian  autocracy  we  shall,  please  God,  say, 
"Abdicate  before  you  begin."  ! 

What  is  left?  Just  democracy  —  what  we  have  only  half 
believed  in,  what  we  have  never  fully  tried,  and  what  is  about 
to  meet  its  crucial  test.  Stripped  of  all  dependence  on  a  ruling 
class,  it  must  stand  or  fall  by  the  power  of  its  inward  spirit  to 
raise  up  men  of  genuinely  democratic  faith,  American  faith. 
The  law  of  democracy  is  this  —  that  mankind  is  a  divine 
brotherhood,  in  which  justice  is  the  scepter,  love  the  only  title 
to  nobility,  and  he  who  would  be  chief  must  serve.  That  is  the 
soul  of  America.  To  that  quest  our  Revolutionary  fathers 
committed  us  when  they  set  out  on  their  great  spiritual  ad\en- 
ture.  From  it  their  sons  cannot,  except  they  forfeit  their  l)irlh- 
right,  turn  back.  We  have  heard  much  of  America's  duty  to 
make  the  world  safe  for  democracy.  Let  us  not  forget  Amer- 
ica's other  responsibility,  to  make  democracy  safe  for  the  world. 

And  what,  may  I  ask,  should  be  our  attitude,  as  sons  of 
the  American  Revolution,  descendants  of  brave  spiritual  adven- 
turers, toward  the  other  great  problems  of  our  day — the  problem 
of  so  organizing  the  nations  as  to  invite  peace  rather  than  war? 

I  do  not  propose  to  discuss  the  question  of  the  League  of 
Nations  or  of  the  International  Court  of  Justice.  Americans  of 
equal  patriotism,  of  equal  loyalty  to  American  traditions  and 
ideals,  can  honestly  differ  as  to  those  methods  of  reaching  desir- 
able ends.  I  do,  however,  unhesitatingly  assert  that  we  are  not 
true  to  our  Revolutionary  ancestors  when  we  invoke  their 
honored  names  to  justify  our  own  timidity  of  action ;  when  we 
fail  to  exhibit  in  our  day  the  same  initiative,  the  same  loyalty  to 
present  duty,  the  same  faith  in  the  future,  that  they  exhibited  in 
theirs. 

Of  course,  we  are  thinking  of  Washington,  the  leader  who 
above  all  others  incarnated  the  Revolution  and  set  the  standard 
for  its  distinctive  spirit.  And  naturally  we  are  thinking  of  the 
"Farewell  Address,"  a  document  which,  in  the  words  of  a 
recent  biographer,  "belongs  to  the  few  supreme  utterances  on 
human  government."  It  is  the  epitome  of  the  American  gospel. 
How   are  we  going  to  use  it, — as   Washington's    sons    or    his 


THE    AMERICAN    ADVENTURE  II9 

slaves?  Are  we  to  make  no  discrimination  between  its  counsels 
of  universal  and  timeless  pertinence  and  the  admonitions  which, 
universal  in  spirit,  are  addressed  to  the  particular  perils  of  the 
time  in  which  it  was  uttered? 

The  latest  biography  of  Washington,  as  it  is  one  of  the 
most  illuminating,  by  William  Roscoe  Thayer,  whose  stal- 
wart Americanism  glows  in  its  pages,  has  a  pertinent  word  in 
this  connection.  Speaking  of  the  question  whether  our  partici- 
pation in  the  World  war  was  a  departure  from  Washington's 
warning  against  participation  in  European  affairs,  he  says : 
"To  understand  in  1914  what  he  said  in  1796,  we  must  be 
historical.  In  1796,  the  country  was  torn  by  conflicting  parties 
for  or  against  strong  friendship,  if  not  actual  alliance,  between 
the  United  States  on  one  side,  and  Great  Britain  or  France  on 
the  other.  Any  foreign  alliance  that  could  have  been  made  in 
1914,  however,  could  not  have  been,  for  the  same  reason,  with 
either  Great  Britain  or  France.  The  aim  proposed  by  its  ad- 
vocates was  to  curb  and  destroy  the  German  domination  of  the 
world.  Now  Washington  was  almost,  if  not  quite,  the  most 
actual  of  modern  statesmen.  All  his  arrangements  at  a  given 
moment  were  directed  at  the  needs  and  likelihood  of  the  moment, 
and  in  1914  he  would  have  planned  as  1914  demanded.  He 
would  have  steered  his  ship  by  the  wind  that  blew^  then  and  not 
by  the  wind  that  had  blown  and  vanished  a  hundred  and  twenty 
years  before." 

That  is  a  wholesome  reminder.  Only  that  sort  of  disciple- 
ship  of  Washington  accords  with  his  character  and  our  heritage 
as  free  Americans.  Loyalty  to  Washington  does  not  require 
that  we  turn  back  the  clock  to  Washington's  day,  but  that  we 
project  his  guiding  spirit  into  the  problems  of  our  day. 

Washington  stated  in  1796  :  "Europe  his  a  set  of  primary 
interests  which  to  us  have  none  or  a  very  remote  relation."  Is 
that  true  today?  x\re  we  forsaking  Washington's  leadership 
when,  in  these  days  of  closely  interwoven  interests,  we  take  part 
in  conferences  or  associations  for  stabilizing  economic  conditions, 
protecting  oppressed  racial  minorities,  establishing  courts  of 
international  justice,  and  providing  for  co-operation  in  the  ways 
of  peace  rather  than  competition  in  the  ways  of  war? 

I  am  not  concerned  in  discussing  now  the  wisdom  of  these 


I20  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

forms  of  international  co-operation.  I  am  only  suggesting  that 
we  are  free  to  consider  them  on  their  merits,  and  that  the  hal- 
lowed name  of  Washington  may  not  be  invoked  to  deprive  us  of 
that  freedom.  That  were  to  transform  Washington  from  a  lib- 
erator to  a  jail-keeper.  Of  one  thing  we  may  be  sure.  Wash- 
ington would  never  have  led  a  great  revolution  and  founded  a 
new  nation  if  he  had  been  the  idolater  of  his  past  that  some 
would  make  us  be  of  him.  Washington,  like  his  colleagues 
was  a  man  of  faith,  of  forward-looking  courage,  a  mighty 
spiritual  adventurer  into  whatever  future  present  duty  com- 
manded him  to  enter.  To  be  his  spiritual  sons  we  must  be  the 
same. 

I  do  not  know  what  Washington  would  think  about  the 
League  of  Nations  if  he  were  living  to-day.  Some  self- 
appointed  trustees  of  his  thoughts  presume  to  know,  but  I  do 
not.  But,  in  all  humility,  I  venture  to  believe  that  his  spirit 
says  to  the  America  of  to-day,  strong,  conscious  of  mission, 
eager  to  serve  :  "I  nurtured  you  in  isolation  in  your  day  of 
infancy.  I  protected  you  from  becoming,  either  through  your 
affections  or  your  antipathies,  appendages  to  the  warring 
nations  of  Europe.  I  taught  you  to  think  and  act  as  Ameri- 
cans, cringing  before  none,  friends  to  all  who  would  show  them- 
selves friendly.  The  event  has  vindicated  my  tutelage.  Now 
have  faith  in  America,  wherever  it  bids  you  go — on  the  battle- 
field, in  the  council-chamber,  in  the  fellowship  of  all  likemindetl 
who  seek  to  establish  freedom,  justice  and  co-operation  among 
the  nations.  You  have  no  place  in  any  alliance  for  collective 
greed ;  your  place  is  the  central  place  in  the  fellowship  of 
organized  international  good-will.  Act  in  your  day  of  adven- 
ture as  I  dared  to  act  in  mine.  The  soul  of  America  bids  you 
go." 


AN    OLD    DIARY    OF    A    YOUNG    MAN  121 


AN    OLD   DIARY    OF   A    YOUNG   MAN 

Transcript  of  ;i  paper  read  before  the  Lynn  Historical  Society,  November  19,  1925 

By  Mr.  John  Albrke 

Army  Officer's  Diary  of  1827 

Capital  events  recorded. 


Why  and  how  the  national  machinery  creaked  when  John 
Qijincy  Adams  was  in  office,  why  and  how  the  social  machinery 
whirled  at  a  merry  pace  or  grated  in  discord,  were  facts  set  down 
in  a  diary  by  a  certain  conscientious  youth  during  the  year 
1S37.  Some  of  the  big  and  little  events  which  made  him  glad 
or  miserable  through  a  year  of  Washington  work  and  frivolity 
were  recorded  in  a  manuscript  which  years  ago  a  boy  rescued 
from  a  pile  of  material  destined  for  the  paper  mill  and  destruc- 
tion. It  proved  to  be  a  personal  journal  kept  by'a  young  army 
officer  holding  an  important  position  in  Washington  during 
President  John  Quincy  Adams's  administration.  His  experi- 
ences during  one  eventful  winter  are  recorded  at  length  in  this 
"old  dairy  of  a  young  man." 

Rollins — the  fictitious  name  given  the  author  of  the  diary 
by  Mr.  Albree — was  an  aide-de-camp  in  the  times  when  aides- 
de-camp  had  little  to  do  but  record  in  writing  their  experiences. 
In  the  verliose  and  grandiose  style  of  those  simple,  pompous  days, 
he  confides  to  his  cherished  journal  the  haps  and  mishaps  that 
befell  him.  The  diary  begins  Sept.  20,  1S27.  Adams  had  been 
President  for  two  years,  elected  by  the  House  of  Representatives, 
and  by  the  deciding  vote  of  Henry  Clay.  Rollins  found  leisure 
to  take  "two  or  three  lessons  in  painting,"  a  fact  which  he  duly 
records  with  the  doubt  whether  he  did  right  "to  devote  so  much 
time  to  such  a  subordinate  accomplishment." 

While  practising  his  "subordinate  accomplishment,"  Rollins 
received  an  invitation  to  the  wedding  of  Captain  Taylor  and 
Miss  MacLane,  daughter  of  the  postmaster-general.  Capt. 
Taylor  was  a  brother  of  the  man  who  later  became  President  of 
the  United  States.  Rollins  mentions  the  "approaching  nup- 
tials," and  sets  down  carefully  the  trouble  which  the  bride-elect 
had  in  finding  a  third  bridesmaid.     When  she  made  her  selec- 


122  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

tion,  it  happened  as  she  had  feared,  that  people  wondered  how 
she  came  to  choose  a  young  woman  "with  whom  she  had  inter- 
changed so  few  visits."  Rollins  bids  the  world  take  note  that 
there  must  always  be  "congenial  sneers  which  carping  critics 
love  to  exhibit."  After  the  wedding  he  writes,  with  a  flourish: 
"So  it  falls  out  with  our  pretty,  frank,  and  ingenious  Eveline. 
May  she  be  happy  still." 

The  "nuptials  were  celebrated"  on  Tuesday.  But  on  Friday 
the  family  was" still  celebrating  the  e\ent,  and  had  given  recep- 
tions Wednesday  and  Thursday.  Friday  evening  the  father  of 
the  bride  gave  a  dinner  and  Rollins,  who  attended  it,  was  pleased 
to  pronounce  "the  feast  very  pleasant  and  productive  of  high 
social  enjoyment." 

From  Philadelphia  to  Washington  had  travelled  a  Miss 
Mary  Haskell  in  order  to  be  one  of  the  bridesmaids.  The  dis- 
cerning Rollins  dissected  her  characteristics  with  as  much  mi- 
nuteness and  solemnity  as  that  with  which  he  doubtless  com- 
mented inwardly  on  the  viands  at  the  very  pleasant  feast.  "Miss 
Haskell,"  he  observes,  unsmiling,  "proves  to  be  a  young  lady 
of  polished  manners  and  respectable  entertainment."  He  notes 
that  she  "is  not  beautifvd,  though  her  presence  is  imposing." 
But  he  is  aware  that  exteriors  are  often  deceptive.  "To  discover 
her  moral  attainments,"  he  proceeds  "is  another  matter.  She 
does  not  appear  to  possess  the  naivete  of  ingenious  innocence, 
but  seems  to  like  admiration."  Reflection  makes  him  consider 
whether  or  not,  if  she  were  perfectly  ingenious,  she  would  have 
acquired  those  graces  which  made  her  attractive.  Yet,  "Miss 
Haskell,"  he  notes  sadly,  "though  a  fine  girl,  behaves  more  like 
one  already  engaged  than  one  who  desired  to  be." 

Rollins  turns  the  microscope  on  a  "Miss  Bradford  of  New 
England."  "Saving  some  exceptional  traits  of  manner,"  he 
concludes,  "I  have  been  much  pleased  with  her.  If  she  be  not 
too  much  a  votary  of  fashion,  and  prefers  solidity  of  intellect  to 
factitious  externals,  I  shall  consider  her  one  of  the  most  attrac- 
tive women  I  have  met." 

On  Jan.  5  the  diary  makes  decorously  agitated  references 
to  a  "trying  crisis,"  and  "her  whose  person  and  character  had 
attracted  my  admiration."  He  and  Miss  Haskell  take  a  walk 
to  the  Capitol  and — "so  at  the  foot  of  that  acropolis  of  American 


AN    OLD    DIARY    OF    A    YOUNG    MAN.  1 23 

legislation,  C.H.R.  received  the  happy  enunciation  which  showed 
that  my  feelings  were  reciprocated."  Joyously  he  notes  that 
"her  talents  and  education  render  her  a  finished  lady."  True, 
she  possesses  no  fortune,  "but  she  possesses  those  very  attributes 
which  a  fortune  might  have  impaired." 

Some  time  later  we  find  Rollins  calling  upon  Mary  and  tying 
her  handkerchief  into  knots.  He  threw  it  twice  at  her  head  "in 
a  burst  of  exhilaration  of  spirits."  The  next  time  he  called  he 
was  received  coldly  and  informed  that  his  rudeness  had  offended. 
He  was  miserable,  couldn't  sleep,  and  even  wrote  poetry.  One 
evening  he  extended  his  hand  at  parting.  She  refused  to  take 
it.  A  night  of  deliberation  convinced  him  that  he  had  not  been 
too  forward  in  offering  to  shake  hands  with  his  betrothed  wife. 
So  he  wrote  a  remonstrance  which  had  a  "most  happy  effect." 
Meantime  he  had  attended  the  theatre  and  seen  Clara  Fisher, 
an  English  actress,  only  sixteen  years  old,  play  "Shylock." 
Rollins  thought  she  didn't  do  it  well. 

On  March  22,  1828,  Rollins  confided  to  his  diary,  with  a 
grief  sincere  but  amusing  in  its  pomposity,  that  he  had  received 
from  Miss  Haskell  a  letter  "which  sets  the  seal  on  my  affec- 
tionate intercourse.  God's  will  be  done.  The  experience  gained 
will  be  deeply  impressed  on  my  memory.  My  conscience  is  clear 
and  my  mind  undaunted." 

So  undaunted,  indeed,  was  his  mind  that  within  a  couple 
of  years  he  married  somebody  else.  Miss  Haskell  later  became 
the  bride  of  a  New  Jersey  lawyer.  Despite  his  painting  lessons 
and  his  flowery  rhetoric,  Rollins  was  a  brave  soldier.  He  per- 
formed gallant  work  during  the  Indian  wars  in  Florida  and  in 
the  Mexican  war.  One  evening  he  took  an  exposed  position  to 
view  the  Mexican  forces  and  was  instantly  killed  by  a  spent 
shell.  Dispatches  said:  "With  that  man  dies  one  of  the  most 
talented  and  brilliant  men  in  the  army." 


124  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 


THE  ADMINISTRATION  OF  CRIMINAL  JUSTICE 

By  Hon.  Henry  T.  Lummls, 
Justice  of  the  Superior  Court  of  the  Commonwealth 

(A  synopsis  of  :i  paper  read  before  the  Lynn  Historical  Society  on  December  i6,  1925) 

The  present  popular  excitement  about  our  administration  of 
criminal  justice  has  revealed  nothing  new.  Students  of  our 
legal  system  have  deplored  the  situation  for  years.  1,  for  one, 
in  a  pamphlet  published  sixteen  years  ago,  pointed  out  the  very 
defects  existing  to-day. 

Many  points  made  in  the  present  newspaper  discussion  are 
merely  the  superficial  froth  of  the  problem,  not  the  underlying 
causes.  It  is  easy  and  sensational  to  blame  the  judges,  without 
inquiring  whether  the  district  attorneys,  the  juries,  the  legal 
system  under  which  all  three  must  work,  and  even  the  public 
itself,  must  not  share  in  the  blame. 

To  point  out  instances  apparently  of  undue  leniency  in  a 
few  cases  out  of  the  200,000  dealt  with  annually  in  our  courts, 
omitting  all  the  severe  and  exemplary  penalties  that  are  imposed, 
is  exciting  but  not  illuminating.  Naturally,  when  250  judges  in 
75  courts  deal  with  200,000  cases,  there  will  be  instances  of 
poor  judgment.  The  whole  truth  must  be  sought  with  a  field 
glass,  not  a  microscope.  Drawing  the  fine  line  between  harsh- 
ness and  weakness  in  sentencing  offenders,  is  a  task  that  would 
tax  the  powers  even  of  the  critics.  To  be  universally  popular 
in  dealing  with  crime,  a  judge  must  follow  three  rules;  (i)  show 
mercy  always,  (2)  enforce  the  law  rigorously,  and  (3)  never 
send  anyone  to  jail  who  is  a  friend  or  relative  of  any  other  per- 
son. He  might  as  well  try  to  pass  through  the  Biblical  needle's 
eye.  Suppose  he  grants  probation  to  ten  seemingly  redeemable 
offenders.  Nine  out  of  the  ten  may  do  well;  l)ut  if  the  tenth 
commits  some  new  and  serious  crime,  the  critics  find  it  easy  to 
be  wise  after  the  event.  We  judges  are  so  used  to  accusations  of 
harsliness  towards  offenders,  that  it  is  almost  amusing  to  be 
accused  of  excessive  sympathy,  and  to  find  the  same  people 
swallowing  both  contradictory  charges  at  one  gulp.  If  sensible 
people  would  call  to  mind  the  judges  they  happen  to  know,  and 
would  remember  the  care  which  successive  governors  ha\e  used 


THE    ADMINISTRATION    OF    CRIMINAL  JUSTICE         1 25 

in  making  judicial  appointments,  they  would  realize  that  the 
judges  as  a  whole  do  not  lag  behind  the  average  man  in  zeal  for 
law  and  order,  and  that  the  real  causes  of  the  present  dissatis- 
faction must  be  sought  elsewhere  than  in  the  attitude  of  the 
judges. 

I  will  mention  two  underlying  causes  for  your  consideration. 

(i)  Our  constitution  gives  every  defendant  the  right  to  a 
jury  trial,  the  most  dilatory  and  expensive  mode  of  trial  known. 
Every  defendant  found  guilty  in  a  district  court  may  appeal  to 
the  Superior  Court  for  a  new  trial  by  jury.  The  Superior  Court 
every  year  gets  about  11,000  criminal  cases  by  appeal  and  5,000 
by  indictment,  a  total  of  16,000.  Only  in  a  small  percentage  of 
them  is  there  any  doubt  as  to  guilt.  With  its  pressing  civil 
business,  that  court  can  give  about  2,150  days  to  criminal  cases. 
Each  criminal  case  averages  four-fifths  of  a  day  for  trial,  so 
that  only  2,700  out  of  the  16,000  can  be  tried.  Even  if  the  time 
allotted  to  criminal  business  should  be  doubled,  two-thirds  of 
the  cases  could  never  be  reached,  and  the  machinery  of  the  law 
would  break  down,  if  all  the  cases  had  to  be  tried.  The  expense 
of  increasing  sufficiently  the  number  of  judges  and  jurors  would 
be  prohibitive.  The  Superior  Court  can  operate  only  by  induc- 
ing the  great  mass  of  guilty  defendants  to  plead  guilty.  They 
will  not  plead  guilty  unless  the  sentence  is  more  lenient  than  it 
would  be  after  trial  and  conviction.  There  are  limits  to  the 
sentences  possible  after  trial  and  conviction.  If  the  judges 
should  give,  even  to  those  convicted  after  trial,  the  maximum 
sentences  allowed  by  law,  many  juries  would  refuse  to  convict 
at  all.  Thus  the  right  to  jury  trial,  intended  to  protect  the 
innocent,  gives  the  guilty  a  strangle  hold  upon  the  courts.  For 
this,  trial  by  jury  is  to  blame  and  neither  judges  nor  district 
attorneys.  If  the  people  still  wish  unlimited  jury  trial,  they 
must  accept  its  consequences. 

(2)  A  mistake  was  made  in  1855,  in  my  opinion,  when 
district  attorneys  were  made  elective  instead  of  appointive. 
While  most  district  attorneys  do  their  duty  well,  they  are  sub- 
ject to  enormous  political  pressure  in  favor  of  offenders.  Bring- 
ing district  attorneys  'near  to  the  people'  brings  them  still  nearer 
to  the  politicians.  Politicians  in  cities  must  'go  through'  for 
their    constituents,    or    perish.     Criminal    offenders    and   their 


126  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

numerous  relatives  and  friends  have  votes,  and  much  longer 
memories  than  the  ordinary  good  citizen  who  has  no  axe  to 
grind.  Political  machines  are  built  by  favors  rather  than  by 
labors.  A  district  attorney  who  refuses  favors,  risks  vicious 
attacks  from  skilful  and  inventive  demagogues.  The  quiet, 
faithful  discharge  of  public  duty  makes  too  faint  a  report  to 
reach  the  ears  of  good  citizens  and  bring  them  to  his  defense. 
Politics  in  the  district  attorney's  office  is  part  of  the  price  that 
we  pay  for  the  sort  of  democracy  that  insists  upon  the  popular 
election  of  law  officers.  If  our  judges  were  elective,  they,  too, 
would  be  subjected  to  the  same  pressure,  as  they  are  in  many 
other  states ;  and  the  independence  of  the  judiciary,  so  necessary 
to  the  protection  of  every  citizen,  would  be  endangered. 

Anyone  familiar  with  the  facts  can  state  the  problem  as  I 
have  done.  But  it  will  require  wise  men,  with  the  backing  of 
intelligent  and  not  hysterical  public  opinion,  to  solve  it." 


REPORT    OF    SECRETARY  127 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY 

January  13,  1937 


To  the  Lynn  Historical  Society : — 

The  thirty-first  annual  meeting  of  the  Lynn  Historical 
Society  is  held  this  evening.  As  the  year  comes  to  a  close,  the 
membership  of  the  Society  is  as  follows, — honorary  member, 
I  ;  life  members,  57 ;  annual  members,  442 ;  total,  500.  A 
comparison  of  this  number  with  the  membership  of  a  year  ago, 
shows  that  we  have  lost  thirty-one  members, — nine  by  resigna- 
tion, twenty-two  by  death.  We  have  gained  eighteen  new 
members,  making  the  net  loss  thirteen. 

The  growth  of  our  Museum  and  Library  has  been  one  of 
great  encouragement.  As  time  goes  on,  our  work  naturally 
increases,  and  the  officers  have  done  their  best  to  meet  the 
demands.  Much  interest  has  been  shown  in  the  work  and  our 
committees  have  gladly  carried  out  the  duties  assigned  to  them. 

Meetings 

Six  monthly  meetings  have  been  held  during  the  past 
calendar  year,  and  the  present  record  covers  from  the  two  hun- 
dred sixteenth  to  the  two  hundred  twenty-first  meeting. 

On  Feb.  24,  1926,  a  reception  to  the  members,  planned  by 
the  President  and  Mrs.  Johnson,  was  held.  Early  in  the  day, 
we  learned  of  the  sudden  death  of  our  President's  mother,  Mrs. 
Ellen  M.  Johnson,  but  at  his  urgent  request  the  reception  was 
held,  although  very  informally,  and  in  the  unavoidably  absence 
of  the  President's  wife,  the  Secretary  received  with  him.  The 
entire  house  was  thrown  open  for  the  occasion,  and  there  was 
an  abundance  of  greenery,  with  colorful  plants  and  baskets  of 
cut  flowers.  Music  was  furnished  by  the  Marion  Bacon  Trio, 
and  Mrs.  Ouida  Cefrey  Aechtler  gave  several  groups  of  contralto 
solos. 

The  ushers  were, — Fred  A.  Wilson,  John  Albree,  Harrison 
P.  Burrill,  Gustavus  Attwill,  Eugene  B.  Sprague,  William  E. 


128  LYNN   HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

Downing,  William  Gerry  Keene  and  Edward  B.  Clarke.  Miss 
Mary  A.  Townsend  and  Miss  Laura  Woodbury  presided  at  the 
tea  tables,  and  were  assisted  by  Miss  Alice  Woodbury,  Mrs. 
Gustavus  Attvvill,  Mrs.  Fred  A  Wilson  and  the  ushers. 

On  Apr.  22,  1926,  Miss  Louise  M.  Taylor,  librarian  of  the 
Essex  Institute,  spoke  to  us  on  "Colonial  Furniture."  She 
gave  a  delightful  address  on  this  very  interesting  subject,  and 
augmented  it  by  a  large  group  of  photographs  and  prints. 
Introducing  the  speaker.  President  Johnson  referred  to  the  story 
in  Lewis'  History  of  Lynn,  of  the  year  1658,  concerning  a  small 
vessel  which  anchored  at  the  mouth  of  the  Saugus  River,  and 
four  men  were  seen  to  move  up  the  river  in  a  small  boat,  and 
disappear  in  the  woods  ;  in  the  morning  the  vessel  was  gone, 
and  no  trace  could  be  found  of  her  or  her  crew.  Tradition 
states  that  the  Iron  Works  in  Saugus  made  tomahawks  for  the 
Indians,  and  within  two  or  three  weeks  previous  to  our  meeting, 
a  boy  in  Saugus  had  found,  buried  in  the  ground,  near  the  old 
slag  pits,  opposite  the  Iron  Works  Mansion,  what  appeared  to 
be  a  genuine  tomahawk,  which  must  have  been  made  in  those 
Works.  He  spoke  of  this  not  only  as  a  relic,  but,  if  genuine, 
and  made  at  the  Iron  Works,  it  is  somewhat  confirmatory  of  the 
more  or  less  unusual  attitude  of  its  managers  in  those  days  when 
the  Indians  were  numerous  here. 

In  opening  her  address.  Miss  Taylor  mentioned  three  books 
on  the  subject  of  Colonial  furniture  that  should  be  read, — 
"Antiques"  by  Sarah  Lockwood ;  "Mahogany,  ancient  and 
modern, — the  whole  story  of  the  use  of  mahogany;"  and 
"Colonial  Furniture"  (for  authoritative  purposes),  by  Dr.  Lyon. 
She  stated  that  in  the  study  of  this  early  furniture,  we  may  not 
all  mean  the  same  thing  when  using  the  term  "Colonial  furni- 
ture." Some  refer  to  any  furniture  that  was  made  in  the 
American  colonies,  but  that  is  very  misleading,  for  the  furniture 
was  constructed  here  after  English  models,  and  it  is  better  to 
apply  the  term  to  the  time  during  which  we  were  a  colony  of 
England,  up  to  the  Empire  period.  Her  own  pictures,  together 
with  some  of  our  chairs,  were  described  as  she  took  up  the 
different  types  of  furniture  making. 

On  Oct.  21,  1926,  our  speaker  was  Mr.  Henry  Grant 
Weston  of  Arlington,    and   his   subject   "Personal  Reminis- 


REPORT    OF   SECRETARY  1^9 

CENCES  OF  THE  CiviL  War,"  including  the  second  inaugural, 
reception  at  the  White  House,  the  assassination,  death  and 
funeral  of  President  Lincoln."  Mr.  Weston,  at  the  age  of 
seventeen,  enlisted  as  a  musician,  Sept.  17,  1861,  in  the  19th. 
Massachusetts  Volunteer  Infantry,  re-enlisted  Aug.  33,  1862,  in 
the  5th.  Massachusetts  Infantry,  and  on  Dec.  21,  1863, 
re-enlisted  in  the  ist  Division,  2nd  Army  Corps.  He  was 
mustered  out  (an.  4,  1864,  was  transferred  to  the  Veteran 
Reserve  Corps,  i6th  Company,  2nd  Battalion,  and  discharged 
June  24,  1865. 

As  a  preface  to  the  address,  Mr.  Weston  stated  that  when 
the  opening  gun  of  the  great  Rebellion  was  fired  at  Morris 
Island,  on  the  "Star  of  the  West,"  sent  to  provision  Fort 
Sumter,  he  was  sixteen  years  of  age,  residing  at  his  home  in 
Woburn,  and  working  at  the  photographic  establishment  of  Mr. 
John  A.  Whipple,  96  Washington  Street,  Boston.  No.  96  in 
those  days  was  about  where  the  Boston  Daily  Globe  building 
stands  to-day.  He  reached  his  seventeenth  birthday  in  August 
of  that  year,  and  one  month  later  was  on  his  way  to  the  seat  of 
war  as  a  member  of  the  band  of  the  19th  Massachusetts 
Infantry,  the  regiment  having  preceded  him  by  several  weeks. 
The  journey  to  Washington  was  described,  the  first  movement 
of  the  regiment  to  Maryland,  the  engagement  at  Ball's  Bluff, 
and  then  came  an  attack  of  malarial  fever  which  compelled 
him  to  return  home. 

Regaining  his  health  in  the  summer  of  1862,  he  went  out 
with  the  5th  Massachusetts  Infantry  to  North  Carolina  and 
took  part  in  the  battles  of  Kinston,  Whitehall,  Goldsboro  and 
numerous  skirmishes.  He  re-enlisted  again  in  1863  with  a  part 
of  Gilmore's  band  of  Boston,  which  was  attached  to  head- 
quarters, 1st  Division,  2nd  Corps,  Army  of  the  Potomac,  and 
the  following  year  took  part  in  the  battles  of  the  Wilderness, 
Spottsylvania,  North  Anna  River  and  Cold  Harbor.  On  July  i, 
1864,  he  was  again  attacked  by  the  old  malady.  This 
resulted  in  his  transfer  to  the  Lincoln  hospital  in  Washington, 
and  while  in  that  city,  he  witnessed  the  second  inauguration  of 
Mr.  Lincoln,  and  attended  a  reception  at  the  White  House. 
Then  followed  a  description  of  the  scene  in  Washington  when 
news  came  of  the  surrender  of  Richmond,  of  Lee's  surrender 


130  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

and  of  the  close  of  the  war.  He  told  of  the  illumination  and 
decoration  of  the  city,  of  the  enthusiasm  of  the  people,  and 
of  the  great  change  that  came  instantly  on  the  night  of  Presi- 
dent Lincoln's  assassination.  At  sunrise,  a  city  of  red,  white 
and  blue,  one  blaze  of  glory ;  at  sunset,  a  city  of  mourning,  the 
deepest  mourning. 

Many  interesting  experiences,  many  stories  of  the  camp  and 
battlefield  were  told,  and  the  address  closed  with  a  poem  writ- 
ten by  Mrs.  Weston.  The  large  audience  unanimously  extended 
their  thanks  to  Mr.  Weston.  He  has  given  us  a  printed  copy 
of  the  address,  which  has  been  placed  in  our  permanent  file. 

During  the  following  half  hour,  Mr.  Weston  answered  many 
questions,  and  an  opportunity  was  given  to  examine  several 
Lincoln  pictures  from  our  collection,  as  well  as  a  piece  of  a  rail 
that  was  split  by  Lincoln  himself,  now  owned  by  our  guest. 

Notes  of  especial  interest  were  added  by  Mr.  Charles  E. 
Haywood,  who  presided.  Miss  Sallie  H.  Hacker  and  others. 
The  final  speaker  was  Mr.  Benjamin  B.  Norris,  who  exhil)ited 
a  pair  of  boots  worn  by  Mr.  Lincoln  the  night  of  his  assassina- 
tion, a  lock  of  his  hair,  and  a  piece  of  towel  used  at  the  time. 
These  were  found  in  the  room  in  which  he  died.  Mr.  Norris 
stated  that  the  occupant  of  the  room  was  a  Mr.  William  T. 
Clark,  of  the  13th  Massachusetts  Infantry,  a  native  of  Lowell, 
then  on  duty  in  Washington.  Mr.  Clark  gave  these  articles, 
together  with  the  stockings  worn  by  Lincoln,  to  a  friend,  Mr. 
Justin  H.  Hatch,  who  was  at  first  an  agent  of  the  Washington 
Sanitary  Commission  and  later  in  the  engraving  division  of  the 
Treasury  department.  The  stockings  were  the  common,  blue 
stockings,  with  white  toes,  such  as  our  fathers  and  grandfathers 
used  to  wear.  They  became  moth  eaten,  and  Mrs.  Hatch,  with- 
out thinking  much  of  their  value,  burned  them.  Up  to  within 
five  years,  Mr.  C.  El  wood  Hatch,  son  of  Mr.  Justin  H.  Hatch, 
had  no  absolute  proof  that  the  boots  were  the  actual  ones  worn 
by  Mr.  Lincoln,  proof  that  might  satisfy  others.  About  1920, 
a  photograph  was  published  which  came  under  the  eye  of  a  man 
in  New  York,  who  is  employed  by  the  firm,  which  still  exists, 
that  made  the  boots ;  he  came  with  the  pattern  and  specifica- 
tions to  see  if  they  were  the  boots.  He  examined  them  and  said 
they  were  genuine,  so  now  they  have  absolute  proof  w  liich  should 


REPORT    OF    SECRETARY  l^I 

satisfy  any  one  of  the  fact.     These  boots  were  brought  to  us  by 
Miss  Ruth  Hatch,  daughter  of  Mr.  C.  Elvvood  f latch  of    Lynn. 

On  Nov.  iS,  1926,  we  had  a  Lynn  evening,  with  a  paper 
written  by  Miss  Mary  Blake  Breed,  describing  "Some  Old 
Breed  Homesteads,"  and  read,  in  behalf  of  the  author,  by 
Mrs.  Nathaniel  P.  Breed.  Miss  Breed  gave  us  a  most  valuable 
addition  to  our  Lynn  records,  through  the  fine  description  of  so 
many  old  homesteads,  and  our  deep  appreciation  is  extended  to 
her,  and  also  to  Mrs.  Breed.  Groups  of  photographs  were 
exhibited,  also  a  number  of  lantern  slides,*  showing  many  of 
the  houses  mentioned  in  the  paper,  and  after  the  lecture,  the 
members  had  opportunity  to  examine  a  collection  of  Breed  relics 
owned  by  the  Society, — silver,  pewter,  jewelry,  portraits  and 
household  utensils,  all  of  which  had  belonged  to  the  various 
families  mentioned.  It  was  a  most  enjoyable  evening.  Mr.  Fred 
A.  Wilson,  Vice  President,  presided.  The  program  opened 
with  a  piano  solo  by  Mrs.  Gustavus  Attwill.  (For  text,  see 
Contents.) 

On  Dec.  9,  1936,  Mr.  Ira  J.  Haskell  presented  a  paper 
entitled  "A  Sketch  oif  the  Buccaneers."  During  a  cruise 
in  the  Caribbean  Sea  with  his  wife,  Mr.  Haskell  said  that  he 
was  attracted  by  the  great  influence  he  found  the  Buccaneers  had 
on  the  destiny  of  our  land,  and  realized  why  the  Caribbean  is 
called  The  Cradle  of  the  New  World. 

"There  is  no  more  entrancing  water  than  the  Caribbean  Sea,  bounded 
by  lovely  tropical  islands  and  the  Spanish  Main.  Aside  from  its  beauty, 
its  delightful  climate  and  its  strange  scenes,  it  is  a  virtual  storehouse  of 
romance.  Here  one  may  see  old  houses  built  long  before  Roger  Conant 
came  to  Salem.  Besides  the  historic  ships  of  Columbus  and  many  others 
that  entered  the  Caribbean  Sea,  it  was  the  principal  location  for  those 
fierce  sea  rovers,  the  Buccaneers.  Few  of  us  realize  that  they  were  not 
true  pirates,  for  while  buccaneers  might  have  been  pirates,  all  pirates 
were  not  buccaneers.  They  were,  on  the  other  hand,  an  organized  assem- 
blage of  privateers  calling  themselves  'Brethren  of  the  Main,'  and  they 
were  a  most  important  factor  in  the  destiny  of  America.  We  owe  them  a 
debt  of  gratitude,  for  without  them  the  British  never  would  have  retained 
their  hold  in  the  Caribbean,  and  to-day  we  might  be  under  Spanish  rule. 

"The  Buccaneers  flourished  during  the  seventeenth  and  eighteenth 
centuries Their  history  began  early  in  the  seventeenth  century 


*Froiii  the  Society's  collection,  in  charge  of  Mr.  George  S.  Bliss,  and  the  personal 
collection  of  Miss  Burrill. 


132  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY" 

at  the  island  of  San  Domingo,  then  known  as  Hispaniola.  Here  was  the 
first  settlement  in  the  new  world,  here  gold  was  first  discovered  .... 
Certain  islands  were  favorites,  because  there  the  Buccaneers  were  freer  from 

being  molested Of  the  many  places  visited,  I  think,  from  an 

imaginary  viewpoint,  I  got  more  reaction  from  sailing  over  the  Sunken 
City  than  any  other.  The  actual  picture,  as  you  sail  into  Kingston, 
Jamaica,  is  of  a  beautiful  tropical  shore  above  the  blue,  blue  sea,  a  para- 
dise, with  valley  after  valley  running  up  to  lofty  mountains  higher  than 
Mt.  Washington.  The  harbor  of  Kingston  is  separated  from  the  sea  by 
an  eight  mile  strip  of  sand,  crowned  by  cocoa  palms,  at  one  end  of  which 
is  Port  Royal.  We  see  little  of  the  ancient  city  for  the  earthquake  of 
1907  completed  that  of  1692,  but  we  actually  sail  over  the  old  town." 

Many  of  the  strange  exploits  of  the  Buccaneers  were  related,  espe- 
cially in  connection  with  their  great  desire  for  adventure  and  search  for 
treasure.  Mr.  Haskell  told  of  the  adventures  of  that  master  buccaneer.  Sir 
Henry  Morgan  of  Montbars,  Le  Lenois,  Mansvelt,  Davis  and  DeGraff. 
He  then  described  the  Virgin  Islands,  the  Tortugas,  and  other  islets  about 
San  Domingo,  Porta  Bella,  Port  Royal,  Jamaica  and  the  Bay  Islands  oft 
Honduras. 

On  the  trip  to  Panama,  they  passed  Old  Providence  which  the  Buc- 
caneers considered  the  key  to  the  Spanish  Main.  They  sailed  down  the 
coast  to  Christobal,  and  crossed  the  canal  zone  to  Panama  City,  then  to 
Porta  Bella,  which  in  the  early  days  was  the  Atlantic  end  of  the  Gold 
Road. 

Morgan  was  a  Welshman,  who  set  forth  for  adventure.  He  joined 
the  Buccaneers  at  Jamaica,  became  governor,  and  after  a  few  trips,  bought 
a  fourth  share  in  a  ship.  He  was  elected  captain  and  threw  his  lot  with 
Mansvelt,  after  whose  death,  he  sacked  Puerto  Principe  and  Maracaibo 
John  Davis,  a  native  Jamaican,  sacked  San  juan  in  Nicaragua,  and  cap- 
tured St.  Augustine  in  Florida. 

Morgan  had  captured  Panama  in  1671  and  up  to  that  time  the  Buc- 
caneers had  been  under  no  restriction  from  any  government.  The  treaty 
of  1670  between  England  and  Spain  proclaimed  universal  peace  and  with 
it  the  remarkable  concession  from  Spain  that  England  could  retain  her 
possessions  in  the  new  world.  The  eftect  on  the  Buccaneers  was  to  unite 
them  with  a  resolve  to  increase  their  power  and  carry  the  terror  of  their 
name  to  the  Pacific,  but  after  16S5  there  were  only  a  few  brilliant  exploits 
and  by  1688  peace  reigned  in  the  Pacific. 

The  complete  paper,  filled  with  details  of  the  many  exploits  of  this 
strange  period  of  history,  is  preserved  in  the  Society's  files. 


REPORT    OF    SECRETARY  I 33 


Council 


The  Council  has  met  as  occasion  required,  for  the  election 
of  new  members,  and  other  business.  A  special  meeting  was 
called  on  Oct.  13,  1926,  to  protect  our  interests  in  connection 
with  the  construction  of  a  garage  on  the  Broad  Street  lot  adjoin- 
ing us,  and  a  special  committee, — Mr.  Johnson,  Mr.  Attwill, 
and  Mr.  Mace, — have  had  this  in  charge.  At  this  special  meet- 
ing, Mr.  Attwill  was  authorized,  on  motion  of  Mr.  Tapley,  to 
have  the  land  on  which  the  Garrison  House  stood  in  Saugus, 
surveyed  and  a  plan  of  our  holdings  there  made,  to  show  our 
ownership  and  the  ownership  of  adjoining  land. 

Our  Publications 

We  have  now  completed  the  printing  and  distribution  of 
twenty-three  volumes  of  Registers,  and  these  have  a  listed  price 
value  of  a  little  over  a  $1.00  a  volume. 

Library 

Some  may  not  be  familiar  with  the  size  of  our  Library.  In 
addition  to  a  large  number  of  books  on  local  history,  we  have 
practically  complete  files  of  all  Lynn  Newspapers  except  those 
of  the  present  day,  a  collection  of  school  books,  pamphlets  and 
documents,  and  publications  of  many  other  Historical  Societies. 

In  this  connection,  may  I  also  call  attention  to  another  divi- 
sion of  our  work, — the  Museum.  The  founders  of  this  Society 
believed  it  w^se  to  preserve  relics  of  the  past,  and  because  of 
their  foresight,  we  have  a  collection  of  much  historic  value,  and 
gifts  are  always  solicited. 

It  has  been  said  that  in  the  early  days  of  American  Histori- 
cal Museums,  stress  was  particularly  laid  on  the  collection  of 
material,  and  very  little  attention  given  to  its  educational  use. 
We  have  done  better  than  some  Societies  in  that  we  have  gathered 
material  and  have  not  stored  it.  With  the  exception  of  a  very 
few  articles,  everything  we  have  can  be  seen  right  here  in  this 
building.  We  do  not  intend  to  allow  our  collection  to  fall  into 
that    category    known  as  a  "Cemetery  of  bric-a-brac."     The 


134  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

Museum  should  be  of  more  educational  value  to  the  community 
and  I  hope  the  time  is  not  far  distant  when  it  can  be  available 
to  the  public  more  frequently. 

It  is  Lynn's  past  history  that  is  really  the  backbone  of  the 
present  city,  and  in  caring  for  the  material  objects  that  come  to 
us,  objects  that  have  had  a  part  in  the  development  of  the  home 
life  of  an  industrial  community,  we  find  our  inspiration. 

May  I  close  with  a  quotation  from  a  very  fine  paragraph 
that  I  read  a  few  years  ago  in  the  annual  report  of  one  of  our 
associate  Historical  Societies  (Western  Reserve)  :  — 

"You  could  well  part  with  many  of  the  luxuries  of  to-day 
anil  still  exist,  perhaps  even  more  happily  than  you  do  now,  but 
you  cannot  maintain  standards  worth  having  without  your 
C^hurches,  Homes,  Schools,  Colleges,  Libraries,  all  of  which 
keep  us  awake  to  our  responsibilities  of  country,  self  and  society, 
to  tliose  who  have  gone  before  antl  are  to  come  after  us,  and 
especially  in  the  case  of  our  Society,  to  the  staunch  and  able 
pioneers  who  have  made  America  possible  for  us." 


Mr.  Gustavus  Attwill,  Treasurer,  presented  his  annual 
report,  giving  a  clear  outline  of  the  financial  affairs  of  the 
Society,  and  of  the  value  of  the  property,  which  is  entirely  free 
from  debt.  As  Custodian,  he  reported  that  the  buildings  are  in 
excellent  condition,  and  also  submitted  a  list  of  the  accessions 
during  the  year,  all  of  which  are  catalogued. 

Mr.  John  Albree,  in  charge  of  the  Documents,  explained 
the  manner  of  caring  for  early  documents  and  letters,  in  scrap 
book  form,  and  gave  an  outline  of  several  rare  documents  that 
we  have,  including  some  poetry  copied  by  Enoch  Purinton  in 
the  I  790s. 

The  report  of  the  Necrology  Committee,  Miss  Susan  L. 
Johnson,  chairman  and  tlie  Hospitality  Committee,  Miss  Sallie 
H.  Hacker,  chairman,  are  printed  in  full. 

The  final  report  was  that  of  the  Nominating  Committee, — 
James  R.  Viets,  chairman,  William  Gerry  Keene  and  Mrs,  Ira 
J.  Haskell.     The  olficers  nominated,  were  duly  elected. 

President  Johnson  was  the  speaker  of  the  evening,  gi\  ing  a 
most   attractive  description  of    his  recent  trip  to  Greece.     He 


REPORT    OF    SECRETARY  I 35 

gave  a  delightful  word  picture  of  the  climate  there  in  the  fall  of 
the  year,  of  the  long  coast  line,  which  is  indented  with  many 
bays,  calling  to  mind  the  history  of  Greece  as  a  maritime  nation  ; 
of  the  mountains,  among  which  he  spent  two  months,  and  in 
speaking  of  the  wonderful  scenery,  said  that  except  for  his  trip 
over  the  French  Alps,  he  could  not  conceive  of  anything  more 
beautiful  or  more  glorious. 

The  trip  included  visits  to  the  sites  of  ancient  Corinth  and 
Mycenae,  to  Athens,  Thebes,  Delphi  on  the  crest  of  Parnassus, 
and  a  number  of  the  islands  in  the  Aegean  Sea. 

In  closing,  he  referred  to  the  noble  work  of  the  Greeks  dur- 
ing antl  since  the  World  War,  saying  that  the  Greek  people 
have  a  great  future  before  them.  They  are  very  patriotic  and 
feel  that  they  have  pro'oably,  outside  of  England,  the  most 
uniformly  racial  unity  of  any  people  in  the  world. 

The  evening  closed  with  a  social  hour  and  refreshments,  in 
charge  of  the  Hospitality  Committee. 

ELLEN   MUDGE    BURRILL, 

Secretary. 


136  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 


REPORT   OF   THE    COMMITTEE   ON    NECROLOGY 

January  13,  1927 


To  the  Lynn  Historical  Society: — 

Tlie  Committee  on  Necrology  sincerely  regret  to  have  to 
announce  the  loss,  by  death  during  the  past  year,  of  twenty-two 
of  our  honored  members. 

Name                                                                 Joined  Died 

Miss  Sarah  Effie  Newhall                                 Feb.    26,  1925  Jan.   18,  1926 

Alphonzo  Benjamin  Bowers                            Nov.   17,  1913  Jan.  24,  1926 

Ellen  Maria  Johnson  (Mrs.  Rufus  A.)         Jan.    27,  1902  Feb.  24,  1926 

Andrew  Dudley  Johnson                                  Apr.   27,1897  Mar.    2,1926 

George  Edward  Richardson  May  17,  1915  Mar.  10,  1926 
Helen  Virginia  Tebbetts 

(Mrs.  Theodore  C.)                                  Sept.  10,  1913  Mar.  10,  1926 

Charles  Henry  Conway                                   Oct.     18,  1909  Mar.  16,  1926 

Edward  Franklin  Bacheller  Apr.  37,  1897  Mar.  18,  1926 
Harriett  Fitts  Parker 

(Mrs.  Creighton  W.)                                Oct.    26,  1900  Apr.    3,  1926 

Mrs.  Helen  Augusta  Collins                         Sept.    10,  1913  June  18,  1926 

Annie  G.  Bubier  (Mrs.  Nathan  G.)            June    20,  1910  June  33,  1926 

Emily  C.  Nichols  (Mrs.  Frank  Herbert)  June  20,  1910  July  4,  1926 
Virginia  Newhall  Johnson 

(Mrs.  Benjamin  N.)                                 Apr.     27,  1897  July     5,  1926 

Charles  Albert  Coffin                                       Feb.    21,  1910  July    14,  1926 

Samuel  Arthur  Bubier                                    Apr.     27,  1897  July    16,  1926 

William  Henry  Bennett                                  Dec.    20,  1909  Sept.    8,  1926 

William  Channing  Holder                            Dec.    28,  1900  Sept.  16,  1926 

Harriet  Ann  Niles  (Mrs.  William  H.)        June    20,  1910  Nov.    3,  1926 

Waldo  Lovejoy  Abbott                                   Apr.    27,  1897  Nov.  19,  1926 

Anna  L.Johnson  (Mrs.  Enoch  S.)             Apr.    27,  1897  Dec.  30,  1926 

Benjamin  Colman  Whitney                         Oct.      24,  1914  Dec.   12,  1926 

Clifton  Colburn                                              Mar.       8,  1901  Jan.     5,  1937 

Respectfully  sid)mitted, 

SUSAN    L.  JOHNSON,  Chairman, 

For  the  Necrology  Committee. 


COMMITTEE    ON    HOSPITALITY  I37 

ANNUAL   REPORT   OF  THE  HOSPITALITY  COMMITTEE 

January  13,  1927 


lo  the  Lynn  Historical  Society : — 

At  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Society  a  year  ago,  Jan.  14, 
1926,  light  refreshments  were  served  with  the  chairman  of  the 
Hospitality  Committee  in  charge,  and  with  the  following  ladies 
assisting: — Mrs.  Gustavus  Attwill,  Mrs.  Nathaniel  P.  Breed, 
Miss  Ellen  Mudge  Burrill,  Miss  Sarah  Ellen  Breed,  Mrs. 
William  G.  Keene,  Miss  Mary  A.  Townsend,  Miss  Laura 
Woodbury. 

The  Society  did  not  have  the  Sunday  afternoon  musicales 
this  year,  during  the  winter  months,  as  it  has  for  the  last  seven 
years,  but  it  did  open  the  house  to  the  public  in  the  summer  as 
usual,  on  Saturday  afternoons. 

On  Saturday,  Sept.  1 1,  Miss  Sallie  H.  Hacker  was  hostess, 
assisted  by  Miss  Ellen  Mudge  Burrill,  Miss  Susan  L.  Johnson, 
Mrs.  James  S.  Newhall. 

On  Sept.  18,  Mrs.  Gustavus  Attwill  was  hostess,  assisted 
by  Mrs.  Charles  E.  Rich,  Mrs  Charles  H.  Bangs,  Miss  Althea 
Bangs,  Mrs.  George  Kirkpatrick,  Mrs.  William  Gerry  Keene. 

Sept.  25,  was  Saugus  Day  when  Miss  Alice  Hawkes  v/as 
hostess,  assisted  by  Mrs.  Harry  Merrill,  Miss  Clara  Calley, 
Miss  Emma  Newhall,  all  of  Saugus. 

On  Oct.  2,  Miss  Hannah  E.  Newhall  was  hostess,  assisted 
by  Mrs.  Henry  B.  Sprague,  Miss  Bethany  S.  Brown,  Miss 
Mary  Blake  Breed,  Mrs.  Louis  D.  Dunn. 

These  afternoons  were  all  well  attended,  some  looking  up 
special  subjects  on  history  or  genealogy,  and  others  enjoying  the 
collection  of  antiques. 

SALLIE    H.  HACKER, 

Chairman  of  the  Hospitality  Committee. 


138  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

SOV.E   OLD    BREED   HOMESTEADS 

By  Mary  Blake  Breed 
(A  paper  read  before  the  Lynn  Historical  Society,  Nov.  18,  1926.) 


It  has  been  said:  "That  a  people  which  takes  no  pride  in 
the  noble  achievements  of  its  ancestors,  never  achieves  anything 
worthy  to  be  remembered  with  pride  by  their  descendants." 

The  name  Breed  is  of  ancient  origin,  for  as  early  as  during 
the  reign  of  Canute  the  Dane,  about  the  year  looo  to  iioo  we 
learn  that  a  colony  of  that  name  came  from  Germany  and 
settled  in  England,  forming  a  town  called  to  this  day  by  the 
name  of  Breed.  The  name  was  spelled  Brede.  Later  the 
English  spelling  was  Bread  and  later  still  in  America  it  was 
spelled  Breed.  We  have  also  learned  that  there  was  a  street 
named  Bread  in  London  and  that  William  Shakespeare  lived 
there  at  one  time.  The  name  is  even  now  often  heard  in  England. 
Our  Ancestor,  Allen  Breed,  was  the  first  and  only  one  of 
that  surname  to  emigrate  to  this  country.  He  came  with  a 
party  under  John  Winthrop,  the  first  Governor  of  Massachu- 
setts, on  one  of  the  eleven  vessels  which  landed  at  Salem, 
June,  1630. 

Those  who  came  at  this  time  did  not  fiee  from  persecution, 
but  were  voluntary  exiles  who  came  to  the  land  of  opportunity 
to  live  in  accordance,  not  only  with  their  religious  beliefs,  but 
to  carry  out  their  own  ideas  and  aspirations  and  to  carve  a 
fortune  in  the  new  world.  Many  of  them  were  men  of  dignity, 
wealth  and  reputation.  Allen  Breed  did  not  stay  in  Salem,  but 
came  to  Saugust,  afterward  Lynn.  In  1637,  ^^^^  name  Saugust 
was  changed  to  Lynn.  The  name  Lynn  was  given  in  compli- 
ment to  Reverend  Samuel  Whiting,  who  came  from  Lynn  Regis 
or  King's  Lynn,  England,  and  was  pastor  of  the  First  Congre- 
gational Church  for  sixty  years. 

Up  to  this  time  Saugust,  which  was  an  Indian  name, 
included  what  is  now  Lynn,  Swampscott,  Lynnfield,  Reading, 
Wakefield  and  Nahant.  The  name  was  changed  by  an  act  of 
the  General  Court,  whose  proceeding  was  very  brief  and  merely 
read,  "Saugust  is  called  Lynn."     The  General  Court,  at  this 


D     D 


!r   z 


SOME    OLD    BREED    HOMESTEADS  I39 

time,  was  composed  of  those  in  authority  and  those  who  were 
freemen.  Afterward,  when  the  number  became  too  large  the 
House  of  Representative  was  formed. 

Allen  Breed  was  admitted  a  freeman  and  in  1638  had  two 
hundred  acres  of  land  allotted  to  him,  as  that  was  the  decree  of 
the  council  that  any  one  who  advanced  fifty  pounds  towards  the 
enterprise  should  become  a  stockholder  and  entitled  to  that 
number  of  acres  from  the  Massachusetts  Ray  Colony.  His  sons 
had  fifty  acres  each,  Allen  Breed  was  a  man  of  substance,  what 
we  call  a  well-to-do  man,  and  a  man  of  sterling  character.  In 
1640  he  wcLt  to  Southampton,  Long  Island,  with  a  company 
from  Lynn,  receiving  a  grant  of  a  large  tract  of  land.  He  soon 
returned  and  we  imagine  as  he  came  across  the  marshes,  that 
he  said  to  himself,  "Here  or  nowhere  is  my  kingdom."  For 
he  settled  in  the  western  part  of  Lynn,  and  gave  to  that  locality 
the  name  of  Breed's  End,  a  name  it  bears  to  this  day  ;  a  portion 
is  called  Breed  Square.  After  the  World  War  there  was  a 
movement  to  change  the  name  of  Breed  Square,  but  through  the 
efforts  of  Mr.  Warren  M.  Breed  and  Mrs.  Charles  O.  Breed, 
the  name  remains  the  same  today. 

We  have  always  heard  of  the  bleak  and  cold  reception 
which  awaited  the  emigrants  of  the  Mayflower,  when  they 
landed  on  Plymouth  Rock  in  December,  1620,  and  we  can  well 
imagine  how  different  was  the  outlook  for  those  who  landed  in 
Salem  in  June,  1630.  They  found  a  country  fair  to  see,  wooded 
hills  and  plains,  fertile  lands,  the  blue  ocean  on  one  side,  the 
ponds  and  lakes  in  the  background,  and  the  bright  sun  over  all. 
The  Breeds  were  home-lovers  and  settled  near  the  old  home  of 
Allen  Breed,  in  the  Breed's  End  part  of  Lynn,  and  intermarried 
with  the  Ingalls,  Newhall,  Johnson,  Basset,  Mansfield  and 
Farrington  families,  and  sometimes  with  those  of  their  own 
name.  The  story  is  told  that  one  of  the  Breeds,  when  he  wished 
to  call  together  those  of  the  name  of  Breed,  would  go  to  the 
door  and  blow  a  horn  and  the  clan  would  gather  from  far  and 
near.  In  1S30  it  was  found  that  there  were  243  men  by  the 
name  of  Breed  in  the  town  of  Lynn.  At  that  time,  there  was  a 
population  of  6138. 

The  early  settlers,  when  they  came  to  the  new  world,  began 
at  once  to  look  about  to  find  how  they  would  build  and  where 


140  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

they  would  place  their  dwellings.  As  "necessity  is  the  mother 
of  invention,"  they  were  equal  to  the  emergency.  They  found 
forests,  and  they  felled  the  trees.  Then  they  dug  a  pit  or  cellar, 
six  or  seven  feet  deep.  This  was  lined  with  boards  or  logs. 
Over  this  they  placed  a  roof,  made  of  poles  covered  with  bark 
or  straw,  with  spaces  left  for  the  light  to  come  in  and  the 
smoke  to  go  out.  Here  they  built  their  rude  cottages  and  had 
peaceful  possession. 

It  is  supposed  that  when  Allen  Breed  came  in  1630,  these 
primitive  structures  had  given  place  to  more  comfortable  dwell- 
ings. The  houses  of  this  period  were  frame  houses  and  Allen 
Breed  built  the  first  Breed  homestead  in  this  country.  These 
dwellings  were  one  and  one-half  stories  high.  The  frames 
were  of  heavy  oak  timber,  showing  the  beams  inside.  The 
walls  were  whitewashed,  burnt  clam  shells  were  used  as  lime. 
The  clams  were  gathered  on  the  beach,  taken  from  the  shells 
and  the  shells  left  to  be  used  for  this  purpose.  The  fireplaces 
were  made  of  rough  stones.  The  windows  were  small,  opening 
outward  on  hinges.  They  consisted  of  very  small  diamond 
panes  of  glass,  set  in  lead,  many  of  them  brought  from  England. 
These  early  dwellings  always  faced  the  south,  that  the  sun 
might  "shine  square."  Thus  each  house  formed  a  sun-dial  by 
which  the  good  matron  knew  when  to  call  the  men  from  the 
fields.     It  was  the  custom  always  to  dine  at  tweh  e  o'clock. 

"It  has  been  said  that  the  emigrants  had  no  ambition,  but 
were  content  with  small  achievements,"  but  was  it  not  their 
ambition  that  gave  them  the  courage  to  cross  the  ocean  and 
settle  in  an  unknown  land?  We  all  know  that  "no  house  is  so 
humble  that  a  great  man  may  not  be  born  in  it."  Some  say  that 
the  site  of  the  first  Allen  Breed  house  was  on  Breed  Square,  but 
as  near  as  we  can  learn  the  original  Allen  Breed  homestead  stood 
near  the  corner  of  Light  Street,  on  Houghton  Square.  Of  the 
house  we  have  no  record,  but  we  do  know  that  here  Allen 
Breed  tilled  the  soil  and  it  yielded  its  increase,  and  at  eventide 
he  could  stand  in  his  doorway  and  look  afar  upon  the  many 
acres  which  he  called  his  own.  Here  he  lived,  and  died  at  the 
ripe  age  of  ninety  or  more  years ;  leaving  a  goodly  substance, 
numerous  descendants,  and  a  good  name, — more  to  be  desired 
than  riches. 


SOME    OLD    BREED    HOMESTEADS  I4I 

"Nearly  three  centuries  have  onward  rolled, 
Since  Allen  Breed — a  farmer — so  we  are  told 
Within  this  infant  township  chose  a  home 

And  here  content  he  sought  no  more  to  roam." 

Ensign  Joseph  Breed,  as  he  was  always  called,  was  seven- 
teen or  eighteen  years  old  at  the  time  of  King  Phillip's  War 
and  from  his  participation  in  this  conflict  received  the  title  of 
Ensign.  He  married  Sarah  Farrington  and  continued  to  live  in 
West  Lynn  and  built  a  house  on  South  Street  not  far  from  the 
old  homestead.  They  had  a  family  of  eleven  children,  seven 
daughters  and  four  sons.  This  homestead  was  a  square  old- 
fashioned  house,  with  a  front  door  in  the  middle.  It  had  one 
large  chimney,  the  style  of  that  period.  There  was  also  a  side 
door  and  an  end  door.  After  it  had  been  built  about  one  hun- 
dred years  it  was  enlarged  and  remodelled,  and  lost  its  colonial 
style  of  architecture.  The  deed  of  the  land  on  which  this  house 
stands  was  executed  Anno  Domini  1694,  in  the  sixth  year  of  the 
reign  of  their  majesties,  William  and  Mary,  King  and  Queen  of 
England,  Scotland,  France  and  Ireland.  It  was  on  parchment. 
This  tract  of  land  comprised  eight  acres,  now  lying  between 
Elm,  South  and  Ash  Streets,  and  a  portion  of  the  land  on  Sum- 
mer Street.  This  homestead  stands  today  over  two  hundred 
years  old,  in  a  good  state  of  preservation.  It  is  said  that  the 
stones  in  the  cellar  wall  are  of  unusual  size,  and  that  it  took  six 
yoke  of  oxen  to  move  one  stone.  There  was  in  the  garden  a 
peony  brought  from  overseas  over  one  hundred  and  fifty  years 
ago,  and  Indians  attracted  by  the  blossoms  and  the  fragrance 
would  stop  on  their  way  from  clam- digging  and  try  to  barter  the 
clams  for  the  blossoms. 

Mrs.  Mary  Breed,  widow  of  Joseph,  who  lived  to  be 
between  ninety  and  one  hundred  years  old,  went  there  as  a  bride, 
and  lived  there  for  seventy-five  years.  The  house  has  always 
been  in  the  possession  of  the  family. 

The  second  in  line  of  descent  from  Ensign  Joseph  Breed 
was  Ephraim  Breed  born  in  1736,  died  in  181 3.  He  is  described 
as  a  man  of  medium  height,  thick  set,  rather  brusque  in  manner, 
but  a  kind  heart.  He  was  a  prominent  man  of  his  day  in  Lynn 
and  held  many  responsible  positions;   was  Town  Clerk   1765  to 


142  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

1804,  and  was  the  only  Surveyor,  at  one  time.    If  any  land  was 
sold  in  Breed's  End,  he  did  the  writing,  and  made  out  the  deed. 

"More  than  a  hundred  years  ago — the  annals  read 
The  people  for  town  clerk  chose  Ephraim  Breed 
Who  served  them  many  years  by  which  it  is  shown 
That  civil  service  rules  were  not  unknown." 

As  a  young  man  he  went  to  sea,  but  returned  in  time  to  take 
part  in  the  battle  of  Lexington.  His  homestead  stood  on  South 
Street  on  land  deeded  to  Joseph  and  Samuel  Breed  in  1694. 
This  old  house  was  inherited  by  Ephraim  Breed  from  his  father 
Joseph,  to  whom  it  came  from  his  father,  Ensign  Joseph.  It 
was  built  about  1694.  The  house  was  a  large  old-fashioned  one 
of  Colonial  style  and  was  inlierited  with  a  large  lot  of  land  by 
Ephraim  Breed  and  has  been  in  the  family  over  two  hundred 
years.  This  house  is  described  as  the  Ensign  Breed  house. 
Mr.  Breed  was  a  rich  man  for  those  days,  a  large  land-owner. 
At  his  death  his  estate  inventoried,  mansion  house  with  three 
acres  of  land;  also  one  hundred  acres  on  Pine  Hill,  dungeon 
pasture  and  Fresh  marsh  over  four  hundred  acres.  This  old 
house  is  still  standing  and  in  possession  of  the  family.  EjDhraiin 
Breed  had  four  daughters  who  married  into  Lynn  families.  At 
this  time  there  was  no  installment  plan,  so 

"A  young  man  who  was  so  lucky  as  a  maid  to  win 
Built  a  furnished  cage  to  put  her  in." 

The  homes  of  these  families  were  on  North  Common  Street. 

"And  these  ladies  were  of  such  goodly  size, 
When  they  walked  up  the  common — some  surprise — 
Would  be  expressed —  people  would  say, 

'See  there' — 
Mere  comes  the  Breed  girls  in  a  solid  square." 

Very  likely  they  went  out  to  spend  the  afternoon,  or  to 
afternoon  tea,  as  we  would  say.  If  so,  each  would  carry  a  tea 
spoon  and  cup  and  saucer.  The  cups  were  of  the  very  best 
china,  though  very  small.  The  water  to  make  the  tea  was 
boiled  in  a  skillet,  as  it  was  before  the  days  of  tea-kettles. 

Ephraim  Breed  was  a  gentleman  of  the  old  school,  an  honor 
to  the  name  of  Breed.      It  was  said  of  him,  in  his  last  years,  that 


SOME    OLD    BREED    HOMESTEADS  I43 

he  often  conducted  family  worship,  with  the  Bible  upside  down, 
so  great  was  his  knowledge  of  the  Scriptures. 

Colonel  Frederick  Breed,  also  a  lineal  descendant  of  Allen 
Breed,  was  born  in  1755.  He  was  a  patriot  when  very  young, 
for  on  the  receipt  of  the  news  of  the  march  of  the  British  to 
Concord,  although  only  nineteen  years  old,  he  enlisted  in  Captain 
Farrington's  company,  and  bravely  did  his  part.  When  his 
term  expired,  he  enlisted  again.  In  1776,  his  term  of  enlist- 
ment expiring,  he  again  enlisted  and  was  promptly  commissioned 
as  second  lieutenant  by  the  Continential  Congress.  His  com- 
mission is  on  file  at  the  Pension  Office,  Washington.  The  sig- 
nature of  John  Hancock  is  as  bright  today  as  it  was  many  years 
ago.  He  was  discharged  from  service  January,  [777,  with  the 
rank  of  Colonel.  His  homestead  stood  on  the  corner  of  Cedar 
and  Boston  Streets.  It  was  a  large  old-fashioned  square  house, 
facing  the  street,  some  distance  back  from  the  roadside,  in  the 
midst  of  grassy  sloping  grounds  and  grand  old  trees.  This  house 
was  of  the  hospitable  type  of  its  day  and  if  it  could  speak  could 
tell  us  many  things  we  would  like  to  know,  of  the  life  lived 
under  its  roof.  Colonel  Frederick  Breed  was  not  a  lawyer  but 
did  a  great  deal  of  legal  work.  He  w^as  commissioned  Justice 
of  the  Peace  in  1802  and  again  in  1809.  Was  Trial  Justice  of 
the  town  and  held  court  in  the  vipper  chamber  of  his  residence. 
In  latter  years  Colonel  Breed  was  reduced  in  circumstances  and 
applied  for  a  pension.  His  claim  was  allowed  in  1818,  but  was 
revoked  in  1820  as  he  wasnot  entirely  without  means  of  support. 
He  died  in  June,  1820  at  the  age  of  sixty-five  years.  This  old 
land-mark,  with  its  sacred  memories,  was  demolished  in  191 2. 

Aaron  Breed,  another  descendent  of  Allen  Breed,  was  born 
in  1 76 1,  and  died  in  18 17.  His  homestead  was  on  the  corner  of 
Pleasant  and  Summer  Streets.  He  was  of  the  Quaker  faith, 
but  fought  in  the  war  of  the  Revolution  and  was  called  "the 
fighting  Quaker."  He  was  the  son  of  Amos  Breed,  who  fought 
in  the  battle  of  Lexington.  He  was  fifteen  years  in  the  Legis- 
lature. His  daughter,  Hermione,  married  George  Hood,  the 
first  Mayor  of  Lynn. 

Summer  Street  was  right  in  the  midst  of  the  Breed  settle- 
ment in  Breed's  End,  and  on  this  street  you  will  find  to  this  day 
a  small  one  and  one  half  story  house,  close  to  the  street.     Here 


144 


LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 


lived  Amos  Breed,  and  his  wife,  who  was  called  Aunt  Caroline 
by  everybody.  His  daughter  Antoinette  Breed,  lived  there  all 
her  life,  and  now  with  her  passing  the  old  home  becomes  the 
property  of  strangers. 

Joseph  Breed,  Jr.,  in  the  fifth  generation  from  Allen  Breed, 
was  one  of  the  substantial  Breeds  of  Breed's  End.  He  was  born 
in  i79v  He  married  Eliza  Walden  in  iSiS.  His  homestead 
was  built  on  a  part  of  the  two  hundred  acres  in  the  grant  of  land 
to  Allen  Breed  on  Breed  Square.  It  was  a  two-story  house, 
painted  white  with  green  blinds.  Colonial  style,  with  the  pro- 
verbial Colonial  door,  on  the  corner  of  Summer  Street  and  the 
Turnpike.  Joseph  Breed  was  a  man'who  had  the  confidence  of 
his  friends,  for  he  held  many  public  offices.  He  was  selectman, 
overseer  of  the  poor,  and  assessor.  He  was  one  of  the  first 
school  committee.  At  the  time  there  was  only  one  school  in  the 
town. 

To  this  school  came  the  children  from  far  and  near.  The 
boys  in  winter  brought  a  stick  of  wood  over  their  shoulders, 
thus  contributing  to  the  fire  in  the  fire-place.  There  were  no 
stoves.  Think  of  a  boy  of  today  carrying  a  stick  of  wood  over 
his  shoulder  from  Wood  End  to  the  Common.  The  boys  from 
the  Eastern  part  of  the  town  were  called  "Gulls."  Those  from 
West  Lynn  were  called  "Alewives."  Joseph  Breed  and  his 
wife  lived  for  sixty  years  in  the  old  home  and  had  a  family  of 
thirteen  children.  Joseph  Breed  died  in  1879,  his  wife,  ten 
months  later.  After  the  funeral  services,  the  minister  and  family 
returned  to  the  house,  and  as  it  was  to  be  closed,  the  minister 
held  a  service  of  Thanksgiving  to  God  for  the  beautiful  family 
life  that  had  been  lived  under  its  roof.  Joseph  Breed  and  his  wife, 
Eliza  Walden,  were  married  by  Bishop  Hedding  of  the  Methodist 
Church  Sept.  17,  181 8,  and  had  thirteen  children,  all  born  in 
this  house,  and  of  whom  Mrs.  Adelaide  Breed  Bayrd,born  Feb. 
24,  1843,  still  (May  11,  1926)  survives  and  resides  at  24  Spruce 
Street,  Maiden;  she  is  the  oldest  living  graduate  of  the  Lynn 
High  School.  Mrs.  Bayrd  as  well  as  the  other  children  and  her 
son  Frank  A.  Bayrd  were  born  in  what  was  for  two  generations 
known  as  the  "Prophets'  Chamber,"  from  the  fact  that  scores 
of  the  itinerant  Methodist  ministers,  guests  of  Joseph  Breed, 
were  always  assigned  to  that  room.     Joseph  W.  Breed  was  a 


SOME  OLD  BREED  HOMESTEADS  I45 

son  of  this  Joseph  and  lived  on  South  Common  Street.     He  was 
a  prominent  member  of  the  First  Methodist  Church. 

On  Breed  Square  we  find  the  old  homestead  of  William 
Breed  a  landmark  for  many  years,  with  its  broad  square  front 
facing  the  south.  At  the  back  of  the  house  there  was  a  large 
orchard  and  back  of  that  a  large  tract  of  land,  extending  to 
what  is  now  Hood  Street.  This  mansion  was  surrounded  with 
a  garden  and  grassy  lawns  on  all  sides.  There  were  two 
wonderful  elm  trees  in  front  of  the  house  that  attracted  much 
attention.  At  the  time  of  the  September  gale  many  years  ago, 
one  of  these  trees  was  blown  down,  and  crashed  through  the  roof 
of  this  house.  Afterward  a  modern  style  roof  replaced  the  old 
one.  William  Breed's  daughter,  Mary,  married  Charles 
Merritt,  and  their  oldest  children  were  born  there.  One  of  the 
descendants  of  William  Breed  has  in  her  possession  a  chest  of 
drawers  made  from  a  cherry  tree  which  stood  in  the  yard. 
Think  of  the  sentiment  in  that  old  chest  of  drawers. 

The  Breed  boys  seemed  to  look  with  favor  upon  the  Basset 
girls,  and  we  know  the  Breeds  are  full  of  sentiment.  So  it 
happened  that  three  Breed  boys  married  three  Basset  girls. 
They  were  sisters.  It  was  always  considered  an  ill-omen  to 
change  the  name  and  not  the  letter,  but  they  took  the  chance 
and  all  went  well.  So  it  happened  that  Abraham  Breed  mar- 
ried Sarah  Basset,  and  James  Breed  married  Rebecca  Basset 
and  William  Breed  married  Hannah  Basset. 

On  the  corner  of  Pleasant  and  South  Common  Streets  lived 
Theophilus  Breed,  son  of  Amos  Breed.  His  son,  Theophilis  N. 
Breed,  built  the  dam  on  Breed's  Pond  in  1843.  Breed's  Pond 
was  the  original  source  of  Lynn's  water  supply.  This  old 
homestead  of  the  Breed's  is  still  standing,  but  alas  !  it  has  been 
what  is  called  improved.  T.  Harlan  Breed  was  a  son  of 
Theophilus  N.  Breed.  His  homestead  was  on  Harwood  Street. 
He  has  a  son  Harlan  Breed. 

The  Andrews  Blaney  Breed  house  on  Commercial  Street 
was  built  in  1833  and  is  standing  today.  It  is  on  the  easterly 
side  of  Commercial  Street,  directly  opposite  Stickney  Street.  It 
was  built  as  a  double  house,  the  northerly  half  being  owned  by 
Andrews  Blaney  Breed  and  the  southerly  half  by  another  family. 
Andrews  Blaney  Breed  was  a  surveyor  of  lumber  and  the  first 


146  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

station  agent  at  West  Lynn  station  on  the  Eastern  Railroad 
(now  the  Boston  and  Maine  Railroad). 

His  son,  Charles  Otis  Breed,  lived  with  his  father  in  the 
Commercial  Street  house  until  i860,  when  he  purchased  a  house 
on  Neptune  Street  near  Commercial  Street.  That  house  has 
recently  been  moved  back  into  the  rear  of  its  lot.  In  1883 
Charles  Otis  Breed  built  a  home  on  George  Street,  which  still 
stands.  His  son  is  Professor  Charles  B.  Breed,  the  first  Presi- 
dent of  the  Breed  Family  Association. 

Samuel  Breed  built  his  homestead  on  a  part  of  the  original 
grant  of  two  hundred  acres  to  Allen  Breed,  near  what  is  now  the 
corner  of  Orchard  and  Summer  Streets.  This  old  house,  like 
many  of  its  day,  was  one  and  one-half  stories  high,  surrounded 
by  a  large  lot  of  laud,  containing  a  garden,  back  of  that  a  fruit 
orchard,  and  back  of  the  orchard,  farm  lands,  extending  to  the 
harbor.  In  this  house  was  born  Richard  Breed,  who  married 
Eliza  Ann  Breed  and  lived  in  the  other  side  of  the  house,  which 
became  a  double  house,  with  two  doors  on  front,  side  by  side. 
Richard  Breed's  children  were  all  born  here.  Later,  he  built  a 
mansion  house,  on  part  of  this  land,  inherited  from  his  father, 
Samuel  Breed.  Richard  Breed  was  a  hay  and  grain  dealer,  and 
carried  on  a  successful  business  for  over  sixty  years  at  the  old 
stand  on  Summer  street  near  the  Lynn  Common  depot.  At  the 
death  of  Samuel  Breed  the  old  homestead  came  into  possession 
of  Richard  Breed,  and  was  sold  by  his  heirs.  His  son,  Charles 
Orrin  Breed,  inherited  part  of  the  estate. 

In  1829  Andrews  Breed  built  a  house  on  Boston  Street  be- 
tween Mall  and  Marion  Streets.  It  was  one  of  the  show  places 
of  Lynn  in  its  day.  A  large  colonial  house,  with  the  proverbial 
pillars  extending  to  the  second  story,  it  stood  back  from  the 
street,  surrounded  by  beautiful  grounds,  adorned  by  many  beauti- 
ful trees.  We  think  that  Mr.  Breed  must  have  felt  as  the  poet 
did  when  he  said, 

"I  think  that  I  shall  never  see 
A  poem  lovelj  as  a  tree, 
A  tree  that  looks  to  God  all  day 
And  lifts  its  leafy  arms  to  pray." 

Many  of  these  trees  Mr.   Breed  brought  from   the  woods  and 
set  out  with  his   own  liand.      The    land    extended    hack    to  the 


SOME  OLD  BREED  HOMESTEADS  I47 

turnpike.  Later  the  house  was  removed,  when  the  place  was 
sold  and  laid  out  in  house  lots.  Mr.  Breed  built  a  house  on 
North  Common  Street,  on  the  site  of  the  Parson  Henchman 
House.  Andrews  Breed  was  elected  Mayor  of  Lynn  in  1855 
and  brought  to  this  office  his  business  experience  of  many  years. 
Henry  Allen  Breed  was  born  in  1798,  son  of  Thomas 
Andrews  and  Hannah  Newhall  Breed.  His  father  moved  from 
Lynn  to  Salem  but  soon  returned.  He  was  a  prosperous  man 
of  the  day  and  built  the  mansion  known  later  as  the  Healy 
Estate  right  back  of  the  Arcade  or  Boscobel,  as  it  is  called  now. 
This  house  was  of  stone  and  stood  on  a  high  banking  as  was  the 
style  at  that  time.  It  was  surrounded  by  a  wonderful  garden, 
enclosed  by  a  high  fence.  It  stood  there  for  many  years  but  its 
glory  has  departed.  Later  he  built  a  cottage  house  on  Elm 
Street,  a  very  attractive  homestead,  with  its  dormer  windows 
and  piazzas  on  all  sides.  This  also  stood  on  a  high  banking  in 
the  midst  of  a  beautiful  garden. 

Abraham  Breed,  who  moved  from  Breed's  End  in  Colonial 
days,  married  Sarah  Basset  of  Nahant  Street,  and  she  may 
have  induced  him  to  purchase  a  large  tract  of  land  on  Black 
Marsh  Lane,  now  Union  Street,  and  to  build  a  house  there. 
He  had  one  son  and  three  daughters,  and  followed  the  English 
custom  of  leaving  his  estate  to  his  son,  who  immediately  divided 
his  inheritance  with  his  sisters.  Abraham  Breed  built  this 
homestead  some  distance  back  from  the  street  on  the  right  side 
of  lower  Broad  Street  of  today.  Its  spacious  grounds  were 
enclosed  by  a  high  fence  and  sheltered  a  wonderful  rose  garden, 
which  was  enjoyed  for  many  years  by  the  passers-by,  as  well  as 
the  family.  Abraham  Breed's  daughter  married  William 
Thompson.  The  son,  Joseph  Basset  Breed,  married  and  also 
lived  on  a  part  of  the  land  of  his  father.  He  had  three  sons 
who  inherited  each  a  portion  of  this  tract  of  land.  They  were 
Joseph,  2nd,  Richard  and  Henry.  Joseph,  2nd,  and  Henry 
built  homesteads  on  part  of  this  land.  The  old  Abraham  Breed 
house  stood  for  hospitality  on  a  large  scale.  The  family  was 
very  much  interested  in  the  anti-slavery  movement  and  the  house 
was  one  of  the  links  in  the  underground  railroad,  for  helping 
the  fugitive  slave  to  escape  from  bondage.  This  old  land-mark 
went  the  way  of  many  others  and  was  destroyed  in  the  Lynn 


148  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

fire  of  1889.  Henry  Breed,  son  of  Joseph  Basset,  moved  from 
Union  Street  to  Green  Street.  Another  son,  Richard,  built  a 
house  on  West  Baltimore  Street.  As  we  pass  up  Union  Street, 
formerly  Estes  Lane,  we  come  to  an  old  house  standing  on  a 
little  hill,  calmly  looking  down  on  the  busy  thoroughfare  at  its 
feet.  What  changes  it  has  seen.  When  it  was  built  it  over- 
looked the  vacant  town-lands  clear  to  the  ocean.  It  was  once 
owned  by  Dr.  Burchstead,  about  1723.  The  next  owner  was 
William  Estes,  whose  daughter  married  Amos  Breed,  great 
grandson  of  Allen  Breed  the  first.  In  1784  a  document  shows 
that  William  and  Iluth  Estes  deeded  to  Amos  and  Ruth  Breed 
a  part  of  upland  on  a  portion  of  which  stands  the  dwelling 
house  and  mansion  house  of  Amos  Breed.  In  1807  the  Amos 
Breeds  added  to  their  landed  possessions.  They  owned  a  great 
deal  of  pasture  land,  where  is  now  Pinkham,  Lincoln,  School 
and  Green  Streets.  Gradually,  these  were  disposed  of  by  Amos 
F.  Breed  who  built  the  house  corner  of  Union  anil  Lincoln 
Streets.  Amos  F.  Breed  was  born  in  1867,  died  in  1902.  He 
was  interested  in  many  public  enterprises  especially  the  Lynn 
and  Boston  Street  Railway.  The  old  place  is  now  in  possession 
of  his  grandson  of  the  fourth  generation,  Amos  Francis  Breed. 

In  1830  Exchange  Street  was  called  Pine  Street,  and  where 
we  now  find  the  North  Shore  News  Company  stood  the  house 
of  Daniel  Breed,  wood  and  coal  merchant,  father  of  William 
N.  Breed  and  grandfather  of  George  Herbert  Breed,  former 
president  of  this  association.  This  house  was  moved  many 
years  ago  to  Newhall  Street  to  make  room  for  business.  Daniel 
Breed  was  a  pioneer  in  the  wood  and  coal  business  and  his  son 
and  grandson  have  followed  in  his  footsteps.  William  Breed, 
father  of  Daniel  Breed,  lived  at  one  time  on  Nahant,  near 
where  the  Whitney  Homestead  now  stands.  He  was  a  grand- 
son of  Samuel  Breed,  and  inherited  the  property  on  Nahant. 

James  Breed  was  the  fifth  in  line  of  descent  from  Allen 
Breed,  and  inherited  land  from  his  father,  between  what  was 
then  Pine  Street,  now  Exchange,  and  Silsbee  Street.  A  deed  of 
this  tract  of  land  over  two  hundred  years  old,  is  now  in  posses- 
sion of  Miss  Sallie  H.  Hacker.  His  house  stood  in  about  the 
middle  of  that  lot.  Later,  it  was  moved  to  Silsbee  Street,  and 
later  still,   after  the  grade  of    the  street  was    lowered,    it  was 


SOME  OLD  BREED  HOMESTEADS  I49 

moved  back,  and  now  stands  on  the  court  off  Silsbee  Street, 
but  remodelled;  not  a  trace  of  its  former  architecture  remains. 
James  Breed  was  a  tallow  chandler,  a  purveyor  of  light  for 
those  days.  He  was  a  staunch  Qiiaker  at  the  time  when  this 
sect  suffered  persecution,  in  the  days  of  the  Revolution.  At  one 
time  he  sat  for  his  portrait.  When  it  was  finished  he  was  not 
satisfied,  so  unbeknown  to  his  family  he  sat  for  another  picture. 
The  first  time  he  wore  a  brown  suit — this  time  gray, —  "For," 
said  he,  "I  am  a  Friend,  and  should  always  wear  gray."  The 
last  portrait  is  owned  by  Miss  Sallie  H.  Hacker  and  the  first  one 
is  in  possession  of  the  writer.  Speaking  of  Qiiakers  I  have 
heard  of  a  gentleman  of  that  persuasion,  of  a  poetical  turn  of 
mind,  who  is  said  to  have  given  his  son  the  following  invitation 
to  resume  the  duties  of  the  day.  "Arise,  John  Henry  !  The  sun 
is  gilding  the  Eastern  horizon  with  sapphire  and  gold."  Of 
course,  the  boy  responded  at  once. 

Isaiah  Breed  was  the  oldest  son  of  James  and  Hannah 
Alley  Breed.  His  homestead  stood  on  land  inherited  from  his 
father,  on  the  corner  of  what  is  now  Broad  and  Exchange 
Streets,  This  old  house  stood  near  the  street,  enclosed  by  an 
iron  fence,  which  was  considered  quite  ornamental  in  those 
days.  Later,  the  house  was  moved  back  and  on  a  slight  rise  of 
ground,  approached  by  a  flight  of  steps.  Like  all  houses  of 
that  period,  there  was  a  door  in  the  middle  and  as  you  entered  at 
the  right  there  were  the  old  style  double  parlors,  which  were 
large,  though  low-studded.  On  the  other  side  there  was  a  small 
room  later  used  as  an  ol^ce  by  his  son.  Dr.  Bowman  B.  Breed. 
Back  of  that,  large  double  dining-rooms,  one  used  for  the 
family,  and  both  for  the  large  family  gatherings,  which  would 
number  from  forty  to  fifty  persons.  The  windows  in  this  house 
were  encased  with  the  old  time  window  shutters,  afterward 
replaced  by  Venetian  blinds.  The  grandchildren  of  this  family 
were  very  much  attracted  by  the  red  glass  side  lights  to  the 
front  door,  which  gave  everything  a  rosy  hue  when  you  looked 
through  them.  Another  attraction  was  the  little  glass-room 
over  the  front  door.  A  conservatory  for  plants — a  sun  parlor 
of  today,  quite  unusual  at  that  time.  Isaiah  Breed  was  a  prom- 
inent man  of  Lynn  in  his  generation.  He  was  interested  in  all 
public  enterprises.     With  his  dignified,  courtly  bearing,  he  was 


150  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

a  noted  figure  on  the  street.  Tliis  old  homestead  was  partly 
damaged  I)y  fire  in  18S9,  and  later  demolished  to  make  way  for 
the  Lynn  Gas  «&  Electric  Company. 

Isaiah  Breed  had  four  sons.  Bartlett  B.,  the  oldest,  built  a 
house  on  Newhall  Street  at  the  time  it  was  cut  through  Newhall 
field.  Isaiah  Clarkson,  who  built  a  house  opposite,  was  another 
son.  George  Rodman's  home  was  on  Broad  Street,  and  Dr. 
Bowman  1?.,  the  youngest  son's  house,  was  on  High  Street. 

Nathan  Breed  was  a  second  son  of  James  and  Hannah 
Alley  Breed,  and  as  he  and  Isaiah  were  brothers  it  was  quite 
natural  that  they  should  build  their  homesteads  side  by  side. 
The  Nathan  Breed  house  was  very  pretentious  for  its  day,  and 
was  always  called  *'The  Mansion."  The  rooms  were  very 
large  and  well-fitted  to  carry  out  the  hospitable  ideas  of  its 
owner.  Nathan  Breed  was  a  Qiiaker  and  noted  for  his  gener- 
ous hospitality  and  here  were  entertained  Friends  from  all  over 
the  country,  among  them  many  notable  people.  The  "Mansion" 
stood  back  from  the  roadside  on  a  slight  rise  of  ground,  terraced 
to  the  street.  It  was  at  one  time  connected  with  the  under- 
ground railway  for  freeing  the  slaves.  Nathan  Breed  was  one 
of  the  substantial  men  of  his  day.  We  have  heard  that  when  a 
young  man  he  made  a  vow  to  the  Lord,  that  if  he  was  success- 
ful in  business  he  would  devote  a  part  of  his  wealth  to  charity. 
So  we  have  the  Child  Welfare  house  for  helpless  children. 
This  old  house,  with  all  its  hallowed  associations  was  moved 
back  to  make  way  for  business  and  finally  demolished.  Miss 
Sallie  Hacker  has  given  us  a  wonderful  pen-picture  of  its  best 
days.  Nathan  Breed  had  one  son,  Moses  S.,  who  built  a  home- 
stead on  Mulberry  Street.  This  street  was  so  named  from  the 
mulberry  trees  on  both  sides  of  the  way. 

On  Windmill  Hill,  afterwards  Sagamore  Hill,  Moses  Breed 
built  his  house  on  the  "road  leading  from  the  Meeting  House  to 
Nahant"  as  Nahant  Street  was  called.  This  land  had  been  in 
the  family  since  1739.  The  old  homestead  of  his  father  stood 
on  the  left  side  of  tiie  street  and  was  later  known  as  the  "Wool- 
dredge  Estate."  Then  Moses  Breed  built  a  house  on  the  right 
side  of  the  street.      He  owned  land  from  here  to  the  beach. 

On  Nahant  Street  still  stands  the  homestead  built  by 
Joseph  Breed,    2nd,    who    formerly  owned    a  house  on  Union 


SOME    OLD    BREED    HOMESTEADS  I5I 

Street.  It  is  now  in  the  possession  of  his  descendants.  Jabez 
Breed  was  the  son  of  Samuel  Breed,  and  brother  of  Moses 
Breed.  He  built  his  house  on  Nahant  opposite  the  old  Whitney 
homestead.  A  few  years  later,  he  exchanged  with  Richard  Hood 
for  his  home  on  Nahant  Street,  Lynn.  This  old  homestead  stood 
near  what  was  called  Sagamore  Hill,  so-named  from  the  Indian 
Sagamore.  Jabez  Breed  owned  about  fifteen  acres  of  land  in 
this  vicinity.  At  a  wedding  given  at  his  house,  we  have  betn 
told  that  the  Indians  came  and  danced  around  the  grand  old 
elm  tree  which  stood  on  the  ground  and  was  an  object  of  admir- 
ation for  many  years,  standing  in  perfect  condition  until  the  land 
was  sold. 

In  1 710,  John  Basset  built  his  mansion  house  on  what  was 
an  open  field  now  the  west  side  of  Breed  Street.  This  street 
was  not  opened  until  1844.     John  Basset  died  in  1753. 

In  1800,  Jabez  Breed,  who  married  Mary  Basset,  lived  in 
the  easterly  side  of  this  house  and  Rufus  Newhall  who  h-id 
bought  a  part  of  the  Basset  farm,  lived  in  the  westerly  side. 
This  old  homestead  was  two  and  one  half  stories  high  and  had 
a  long  sloping  roof  in  the  rear  called  a  lean-to.  There  was  a 
single  chimney  of  immense  size  for  the  use  of  both  families. 
There  were  two  front  doors,  side  by  side.  At  one  time,  it  would 
seem  that  the  Newhalls  and  Breeds  under  this  roof  had  a  "fall- 
ing out,"  as  they  used  to  say.  Perhaps  the  Breeds  were  a  little 
"set."  It  could  not  have  been  the  Newhalls,  for  one  side  of  the 
house  was  painted  yellow  and  the  other  was  minus  paint. 
There  was  a  fence  dividing  the  front  yard,  that  went  from  the 
street  to  the  middle  of  the  house.  The  Newhall  part  of  this 
house  was  razed  in  187S  and  they  took  with  them  half  of  the 
chimney.      The  Breed  side  was  razed  in  1890. 

On  the  north  side  of  Lewis  Street  stood  the  house  of  Basset 
Breed,  son  of  Jabez  Breed,  and  on  the  west  corner  of  Basset  and 
Lewis  stood  the  homestead  of  Francis  Breed.  This  old  house 
descended  in  the  family,  one  side  owned  by  one  and  one  by 
another.  One  side  is  like  the  original  and  the  other  has  become 
an  apartment  house.  Elwyn  Breed  built  his  house  on  the  south 
side  of  Lewis  Street 

Asa  Breed  owned  a  large  tract  of  land  extending  from 
Lewis  Street  to  Ocean  Street,  when  Ocean  Street  was  pasture 


152  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

land.  This  was  farm  land  and  later  Breed,  Nichols,  Foster  and 
Garland  Streets  were  cut  through  this  same  territory.  Asa 
Breed  had  four  sons,  who  built  their  houses  on  a  part  of  this 
land.  As  we  come  up  Lewis  Street  from  Broad,  we  find  a  one 
and  one-half  story  house,  standing  on  a  slight  elevation  over- 
looking the  busy  street,  on  the  corner  of  Breed  and  Lewis  Streets, 
on  one  side  of  the  lot.  This  old  house  contained  when  built,  in 
1830,  two  rooms  on  a  floor.  There  was  an  addition  made  as 
the  family  grew  and  as  there  were  ten  children,  the  ell  became 
larger  than  the  house.  This  was  the  home  of  Hiram  Nichols 
Breed,  the  ninth  Mayor  of  Lynn, — born  1809,  inaugurated 
Mayor  of  Lynn  1S61.  He  was  a  public-spirited  man,  greatly 
interested  in  anything  pertaining  to  his  native  city  and  held 
many  public  offices.  Alas,  this  old  homestead  with  all  its 
memories,  has  passed  to  strangers,  and  is  being  demolished  to 
make  way  for  the  march  of  progress.  The  house  next  belonged 
to  Hiram  Breed's  brother,  Asa  L.  Breed. 

In  1717,  we  read  that  Nahant  was  without  any  inhabitants. 
James  Mills  having  died,  his  family  moved  from  Nahant,  and 
the  house  and  land  became  the  property  of  Dr.  John  H.  Burch- 
stead  who  sold  it  to  Samuel  Breed,  and  he  built  a  house  near 
where  now  stands  the  Whitney  Homestead. 

Samuel  Breed  was  small  of  stature  and  was  generally  called 
Governor  Breed.  He  was  born  in  1692  and  married  Deliver- 
ance Basset  in  1730.  His  homestead  became  the  property  of 
his  son  Nehemiah,  and  his  grandson  William,  who  rebuilt  the 
house  in  18 19.  For  twenty -four  years  this  house  was  kept  as  a 
hotel  by  Jessie  Rice,  and  was  purchased  in  1841,  by  Albert 
Whitney,  who  married  a  daughter  of  Mr.  Rice. 

Leaving  Exchange  Street  we  come  to  Broad  Street,  once 
called  Wolf's  Hill,  and  here  on  the  corner  of  Nahant  and  Broad 
we  (ind  the  liomestead  of  James  Breed,  Jr.  Now  James  Breed, 
Jr.  (lid  not  look  with  favor  on  the  young  ladies  of  Lynn  of  the 
Iiigalls,  MansHcld,  Newhall  and  Farrington  families,  but  wan- 
dered afar  and  took  for  his  bride  Phoebe  Nichols  of  Berwick, 
Maine.  lie  built  his  house  of  lumber  from  the  forests  of 
Maine,  which  was  a  part  of  the  dowry  of  Phoebe  Nichols. 
Here  he  brought  his  bride  and  here  they  lived  many  years  and 
brouglit  up  their  family.     He  and  his  wife  were  both  prominent 


SOME    OLD    BREED    HOMESTEADS  1 53 

Friends  and  lived  and  died  in  that  faith.  James  Breed  died  in 
1853  and  his  wife  in  1863  at  the  age  of  ninety-two  years.  The 
eldest  son,  Stephen  N.  Breed,  married  Elizabeth,  daughter  of 
Frederick  Breed  and  brought  his  bride  to  the  old  homestead. 
Later  James  Breed,  Jr.  built  the  house  at  17  Nahant  Street  for 
his  sons  Stephen  N.  and  James.  Stephen  N.  had  a  daughter, 
Mary  Elizabeth,  who  became  a  physician  at  the  time  when  a 
woman  doctor  was  almost  unknown.  Later,  Stephen  N.  Breed 
moved  back  to  the  old  homestead  and  lived  there  until  his  death 
in  1 886.  James  Albert  Breed  continued  to  live  at  17  Nahant 
Street.  This  old  homestead  is  one  of  the  few  left  and  is  in 
possession  of  his  descendants.  The  old-fashioned  garden  was 
a  great  delight  to  James  A.  Breed,  who  spent  many  hours 
among  the  flowers.  This  same  garden  was  laid  out  in  "squares 
and  rounds"  and  bordered  with  the  old-time  box. 

At  one  time  it  was  our  good  fortune  to  enter  a  room  of  which 
we  will  try  to  give  you  a  pen-picture.  We  were  first  attracted 
by  the  high  w^ainscotting  all  round  the  room.  Then  the  window 
sills  and  the  fascinating  window  shutters,  with  little  glass  knobs  to 
take  hold  of  when  you  wished  to  open  or  close  them.  The  old- 
style  door  with  the  panels  in  the  form  of  a  cross,  with  the  gilt 
key  holes  and  graceful  little  keys,  and  glass  door  knobs.  Then 
the  large  open  fire-place  and  the  wooden  mantle  above.  Round 
the  room  we  found  many  pieces  of  antique  furniture.  On  the 
tables  old  daugerreotypes  and  odd  pieces  of  China,  and  over 
all  lingered  the  tender  grace  of  the  day  which  is  gone.  This 
room  is  in  a  Breed  homestead  in  Lynn  in  the  year  1936. 

The  Breeds,  many  of  them,  settled  in  Breed's  End  and  the 
oldest  houses  we  find  there.  Later,  they  bought  land  in  other 
parts  of  the  town.  Now  we  find  many  Breed  homesteads 
scattered  throughout  the  city.  The  list  of  members  of  the  Breed 
Association  shows  that  those  of  this  name  have  travelled  far  and 
wide,  as  we  have  names  from  nearly  every  state  in  the  union. 

"Those  fair  homes  sheltered  hy  ancestral  ties, 

Are  shrines  for  dear  and  sacred  memories  ; 
Mid  sights  and  sounds  the  eye  and  ear  enhance 

Who  would  not  like  to  take  a  backward  glance?" 

Miss  Breed  wrote  this  paper  originally  for  the  Breed  Family  Association  meeting 
of  March  11,  1926. 


154  IvYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THH   SECRETARY 

January  12,  192S 


To  the  Lynn  Historical  Society: — 

The  thirty-second  annual  nieetinjjj  of  the  Lynn  Hihtorical 
Society  was  held  this  evening.  During  the  past  calendar  year, 
six  stated  meetings  have  been  held, — the  323nd  to  the  237th. 

Feb.  10,  1927,     "Chocorua,"  where  came  the  beloved  Whittier, — 

"To  breathe  the  wine  of  Mountain  air 
Beside  the  bearcamp  waters." 

This  was  a  most  delightful  paper,  written  by  Mr.  Thomas  Edward  Parker, 
on  Chocorua  and  the  Sandwich  Range,  the  beautiful  views,  trails  and 
paths,  and  the  history  and  legends  of  the  Indians.  The  paper  was  read 
by  Miss  Ellen  Mudge  Burrill  at  Mr.  Parker's  request,  and  sixty-one 
lantern  slides,  kindly  loaned  by  Mr.  Charles  A.  Lawrence,  were  shown. 
(For  text,  see  Contents) 

The  March  meeting  was  unavoidably  omitted. 

Apr.  7,  1927.  "Col.  Timothy  Pickering,  American  Statesman  and 
Soldier  of  the  Revolutionary  War," — a  fine  historical  paper  presented  by 
Hon.  William  D.  Chappie,  of  Salem,  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  Bar. 
This  paper  was  an  especially  pleasing  addition  to  our  Society  records, 
because  of  the  marriage  of  John  Pickering,  of  this  family,  and  Sarah 
Burrill  of  Lynn.  Among  the  guests  of  the  evening  were  members  of 
Old  Essex  Chapter,  S.  A.  R.,  and  Mrs.  Susan  W.  Fitzgerald,  and  her 
sister,  Mrs.  Thomas  of  Boston,  descendants  of  Col.  Pickering. 

Mr.  Chappie  stated  that  Col.  Pickering  was  "one  of  the 
men  in  public  life  during  the  early  days  of  the  Republic  most 
bitterly  hated  by  his  politic  d  opponents,  but  revered  and 
respected  by  those  of  his  own  party."  He  was  a  typical  Puri- 
tan, a  descendant  of  a  long  line  of  ancestors  "who  had  assisted 
in  making  Massachusetts  what  she  was  at  the  beginning  of  the 
Revolution."  The  earliest  American  ancestor  was  John  Pick- 
ering, born  in  England  in  1615.  The  son  and  grandson  were 
also  John  Pickerings,  the  latter  being  the  father  of  Deacon 
Timothy  Pickering,  and  grandfather  of  Col.  Timothy  Pickering. 
Col.  Pickering  was  born  in  the  ancestral  home  on  Broad  Street, 
Salem,  July  17,  174?,  graduated  from  Harvard  in  1763, 
became  a  clerk  in  the  Registry  of  Deeds  in   1776,  holding  that 


REPORT    OF    SECRETARY  l55 

office  until  he  went  to  the  front  in  1777.  He  was  closely  identi- 
fied with  military  affairs,  and  on  June  2,  1777,  left  Salem  and 
joined  Washington  at  Middlebrook,  N.  J.,  on  June  17,  being 
appointed  Adjutant  General  the  following  day. 

Mr.  Chappie  carried  the  history  through,  giving  in  detail 
not  only  the  military  service  of  Col.  Pickering,  but  a  record  of 
his  various  public  offices,  as  Postmaster  General,  Secretary  of 
War,  Secretary  of  State,  Federal  United  States  Senator  from 
Massachusetts  and  member  of  Congress.  At  the  close  of  his 
public  service,  he  returned  to  live  in  Danvers  and  was  appointed 
Chief  Justice  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  and  General  Ses- 
sions, for  the  County  of  Essex,  a  court  from  which  he  had 
resigned  twenty-five  years  before,  upon  entering  the  military 
service.  He  lived  later  in  Beverly  and  in  Wenham.  He 
retired  from  Congress  in  181 7,  and  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
Executive  Council,  serving  one  year,  which  terminated  his  long 
service  for  the  public.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Essex 
Agricultural  Society,  serving  as  its  first  President. 

His  faithful  wife  died  Aug.  14,  1828,  and  he  survived  her 
but  five  months,  passing  away  on  Jan  29,  1829.  Mr.  Chappie 
closed  his  address,  with  the  following  paragraph: — 

"Thus  lived  and  died  a  Puritan  soldier  and  statesman,  of  whom  his 
j^^reat  Democratic  opponent  James  Madif^on  said, — 'God  never  made  a  more 
honest  man  than  Timothy  Pickering.'  No  higher  tribute  could  be  paid 
hiui  than  by  George  Washington,  who  knew  him  so  intimately,  both  in 
tlie  Jinny  and  in  his  Cabinet,  'if  there  is  a  genuine  patriot  in  this  coun- 
try (and  I  believe  they  are  many),  Timothy  Pickering  is  pre-eminent !'  " 

Additional  contributions  were  made  by  President  Johnson 
and  Mr.  Charles  A.  Littlefield. 

May  25,  1927.  "The  General  Henry  Knox  Artillery  Expedition 
from  Fort  Ticonderoga,  N.Y.,  to  Cambridge,  to  force  the  British  evacua- 
tion of  Boston,  1775-1776" — another  historical  paper  by  Hon.  William  S. 
Youngman,  Treasurer  of  the  Commonwealth,  and  Chairman  of  the 
General  Knox  Commission,  appointed  to  mark  the  route  over  which  Gen. 
Knox  brought  the  guns  and  ammunition,  captured  at  Ticonderoga,  to 
General  Washington  at  the  camp  of  the  Colonial  Army.  Members  of  the 
Daughters  of  the  Revolution,  Daughters  of  the  American  Revolution,  and 
Sons  of  the  American  Revolution,  were  guests. 

Mr.  Youngman  described  the  services  of  General  Knox  and 
his  small  force  ;  also  the  unselfish  and  inspiring  services  ren- 
dered by  that  little  group  of  men  and  women  in  all  the  frontier 
places  from  Fort  Ticonderoga  down  through  the  State  of  New 
York  to  the  Massachusetts  border  and  across  the  State  to 
Cambridge.     Beginning  at  the    Ticonderoga  end,  he  said   the 


156  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

next  move  by  the  Colonials,  after  the  battles  of  Concord  and 
Lexint^ton,  was  made  by  the  Green  Mountain  boys  in  what  was 
then  New  Hampshire,  for  there  was  no  Vermont  at  the  time  of 
the  Re\olution. 

Ethan  Allen  knew  the  taking  of  Fort  Ticonderoga  depended 
on  surprise,  and  also  that  it  was  very  hard  to  get  his  men  across 
the  lake,  but  when  he  had  about  seventy-five  men,  he  proceeded 
to  capture  the  fort.  That  fort  was  the  greatest  piece  of  fortifi- 
cation below  Qiiebec,  yet  Allen  broke  through  the  sally-port 
and  the  barracks,  and  woke  up  the  British  commandant.  With 
the  fort,  he  also  took  the  artillery  pieces,  flint  locks  and  ammu- 
nition, which  were  the  best  and  j^ractically  all  the  British  had 
in  the  Colonies,  south  of  Quebec. 

There  was  plenty  of  youth  and  good  will  in  Washington's 
army  in  Catnbridge,  but  the  equipment  was  poor,  and  the  flint 
locks  had  no  bayonets.  He  undertook  to  besiege  the  British  in 
Boston  with  flint  locks  and  no  artillery.  There  were  no  can- 
non, for  none  were  allowed  to  be  cast  here. 

General  Knox,  it  seems,  had  kept  a  small  shop  in  Boston 
and  had  become  acquainted  with  many  British  officers.  He 
borrowed  their  books  on  artillery,  went  with  them  when  they 
practiced  firing,  and  learned  a  good  deal.  Soon  he  slipped  out 
of  Boston  and  asked  Washington  for  an  opportunity  to  serve. 
In  order  to  avoid  a  British  punitive  expedition,  he  conceived  the 
idea  of  capturing  the  artillery,  as  Allen  also  had  believed  wise. 
Knox  started  for  New  York  by  boat,  went  up  the  Hudson  to 
Albany  and  vSaratoga,  and  through  the  mountains  to  Lake 
George,  At  Ticonderoga,  he  realized  that  the  whole  thing 
depended  on  transportation.  He  procured  sledges.  He  took 
the  gun  carriages  apart;  tied  a  rope  to  each  cannon,  so  that  in 
crossing  the  lake,  if  the  sledge  went  through  the  ice,  the  cannon 
could  be  pulled  out.  They  went  to  Saratoga,  passed  the  ]:)attle- 
field  where  Gates  defeated  Burgoyne,  and  finally  struck  the 
Massachusetts  line,  at  the  old  Albany  trail,  in  North  Egremont. 

Mr.  Youngman  stated  that  his  commission  found  the  very 
place  where  the  trail  crossed.  They  followed  the  trail  through 
Egremont  and  Great  Barrington  to  Monterey.  From  Monterey, 
the  course  is  on  to  East  Otis,  Blandford  and  Westfield.  They 
passed  through  communities  of  abandoned  farms  and  aban- 
doned towns.  The  reason  they  were  able  to  trace  the  route  was 
because  General  Knox  kept  a  diary,  and  also  wrote  some  inter- 
esting letters  to  his  wife. 

The  route  continued  through  the  outskirts  of  Westfield  to 
West    Springfield    and  then  across  the  river.     The  expedition 


REPORT    OF    SECRETARY  l57 

passed  down  State  Street  in  Springfield,  and  it  was  then  that 
General  Knox  selected  Springfield  for  an  arsenal,  it  being  far 
enough  inland  for  them  to  make  munitions  of  war  unmolested. 

The  trail  went  also  through  Wilbraham,  Leicester  and 
Worcester,  and  there  it  took  the  route  that  is  very  familiar, 
through  Northlioro,  Marlboro,  Southboro,  Framingham,  Sud- 
bury, Waltham,  Watertown  and  Cambridge. 

The  first  monument  was  dedicated  in  Northboro  on  Friday, 
May  20,  1937.  The  markers  are  of  Massachusetts  granite  with 
an  inscription, and  a  bronze  tablet  is  set  in  the  upper  part,  depict- 
ing General  Knox  directing  an  ox  team  which  is  dragging  the 
cannon.  Oxen  were  finally  used  because  it  was  impossible  to 
procure  horses  enough.  The  cannon  and  wheels  were  carried 
on  separate  sledges.  Knox  himself  carried  an  old  fashioned 
sabre,  strapped  to  his  left  leg,  and  he  wore  the  well-known 
buckskin  clothes.  There  were  forty-three  pieces  of  cannon,  a 
considerable  number  for  those  days,  but  none  of  them  have 
since  been  traced.  They  were  a  boone  to  Washington.  He 
was  able  to  fortify  Dorchester  Heights ;  he  held  his  army 
together  and  proved  that  the  Colonial  army  was  a  real  army 
with  a  real  leader, 

A  vote  of  appreciation  was  extended  to  Mr.  Youngman, 
and  many  greeted  him  at  the  close  of  the  lecture. 

Nov.  10,  1927.  "Lynn, — Her  Parks  and  Playgrounds,"  by  Mr. 
Alfred  T.  Comstock,  Chairman  of  the  Park  Commissioners,  City  of  Lynn. 

The  beautiful  Park  system  that  Lynn  has  within  its  boundaries, 
began  through  the  pioneer  work  of  two  men, — Mr.  Cyrus  M.  Tracy,  who, 
in  1882,  formulated  the  plan  for  preserving  the  Lynn  Woods  by  securing 
the  title  in  them  through  the  medium  of  a  trust,  entered  into  between 
the  City  and  the  "Trustees  of  the  Public  Forest,"  and  Mr.  Philip  A. 
Chase,  first  chairman  of  the  Board  of  Park  Commissioners,  whose 
"energy,  enthusiasm  and  love  of  nature,  backed  by  the  confidence  of  our 
people  in  his  ability  as  a  financier,  secured  to  Lynn  the  first  notable 
reservation  of  wild  woodland  in  New  England." 

In  his  introductory  address.  President  Johnson  said  : — 
"I  am  tremendously  interested  in  the  Lynn  Woods,  and  the 
generosity  of  all  those  individuals  and  organizations  whose 
efforts  resulted  in  the  people  of  Lynn  again  possessing  that  won- 
derful area  of  woodland,  which  in  the  old  days  when  it  was 
held  in  common,  was  really  its  own,  and  in  a  Republic  I  some- 


158  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

times  think  it  is  a  most  lamentable  fact  that  we  have  to  do  over 
so  many  things.  We  give  up  valual^le  possessions  and  then  we 
have  to  buy  them  back ;  we  allow  spaces,  which  ought  to  be 
dedicated  to  the  people,  to  be  built  upon  and  then  years  after- 
wards we  have  to  pay  a  high  price  to  get  them  back.  These 
woods  originally  were  the  possession  of  the  community,  but 
with  no  real  sense  of  their  ultimate  value  as  recreational  centres, 
and  thinking  of  them  only  as  places  wdiere  the  settlers  could  get 
their  wood,  they  passed  into  private  ownership,  and  then 
through  the  interest  of  that  marvellous  and  fine  thinking  group 
of  men,  beginning  with  Cyrus  Tracy  and  his  associates,  The 
Exploring  Circle,  the  trustees  of  the  Public  Forest,  and  then 
afterwards  through  the  magnificent  organizing  and  financial 
ability  of  Philip  A.  Chase,  influenced  always  by  his  great  love 
for  the  woods,  we  won  them  back. 

One  of  the  numerous  things  I  have  been  able  to  congratu- 
late our  city  upon  in  the  last  few  years  has  been  that  the  develop- 
ing and  beautifying  of  our  woods  fell  under  the  leadership  of 
the  men  forming  our  Park  Commission.  Mr.  Comstock  and  his 
associates  have  handled  those  woods  w'ith  the  single  view  of  the 
welfare  of  the  community  and  their  natural  possibilities.  It  is 
with  pleasure,  therefore,  that  I  introduce  Mr.  Comstock,  Chair- 
man of  the  Board  of  Park  Commissioners." 

Commissioner  Comstock  opened  his  program  with  several 
reels  of  motion  pictures,  showing  the  various  playgrounds  and 
parks  of  the  city;  also  many  views  of  Lynn  Woods  reservation, 
taken  during  the  season  of  wonderful  foliage  and  when  the  hills, 
roads  and  paths  were  covered  with  snow.  These  views  gave 
his  audience  an  idea  of  the  vast  amount  of  work  that  the  Com- 
mission has  done  in  the  woods  and  parks  as  well  as  the  outdoor 
program  on  the  playgrounds  for  the  children. 

Mr.  Comstock  stated  that  the  park  and  playground  proper- 
ties consist  of  the  Lynn  Woods,  Lynn  Common,  High  Rock 
Park,  Gold  Fish  Pond  Park,  Meadow  Park  Playground,  Little 
River  Park  Playground,  Sanderson  Avenue  Playground,  Elm 
Street  Playground,  Ames  Playstead  and  a  number  of  city 
squares,  about  two  thousand  acres  of  land  in  all. 

The  control  of  this  property,  supervision  of  the  activities, 
the  care  and  supervision  of  the  shade  trees  along  our  streets,  is 
vested  in  the  Board  of  Park  Commissioners  under  the  appoint- 
ment   of    the    Mayor  and  the    approval  of  the    Council.     The 


REPORT    OF    SECRETARY  159 

authority  for  their  work  comes  through  the  General  Laws  of  the 
Commonweahh. 

The  speaker  explained  that  in  1S82,  the  General  Court 
passed  what  is  known  as  the  "Park  Act"  and  this  was  accepted 
by  the  voters  of  Lynn  on  Nov.  6,  1S8S.  The  first  Board  of 
Park  Commissioners  was  appointed  the  following  year  by 
Mayor  Asa  T.  Newhall  and  were  :  Charles  H.  Newhall,  Aaron 
F.  Smith,  Benjamin  F.  Spinney,  Alfred  Cross  and  E.  H.  John- 
son. Of  these,  Mr.  Newhall,  Mr.  Cross  and  Mr.  Johnson 
resigned  and  the  new  appointees  were  Philip  A.  Chase,  Charles 
H.  Pinkham  and  Frank  W.  Jones,  Mr.  Chase  becoming  chair- 
man and  Mr.  Jones  secretary. 

Mr.  Comstock  said  that  the  first  park  and  recreational  work 
in  Lynn  and  the  beginning  of  the  Lynn  Woods  really  started 
several  years  prior  to  1888,  for  in  1881  the  trust  of  the 
Lynn  Public  Forest  was  organized  by  Cyrus  M.  Tracy.  These 
trustees  were :  Cyrus  M.  Tracy,  George  E.  Emory,  Edward 
Johnson,  Jr.,  Benjamin  Proctor,  Samuel  A.  Guilford  and 
William  P.  Sargent. 

The  holdings  acquired  by  this  board  were  later  turned  over 
to  the  Board  of  Park  Commissioners  and  their  real  work  began 
about  the  year  1890.  Mr.  Comstock  described  by  ten  year 
periods  the  work  that  has  been  done  in  road  building  and  trails 
and  also  tree  planting  and  care  of  the  woods,  together  with 
many  improvements  in  the  other  parks  and  the  playgrounds. 

Lynn  Woods  really  form  a  watershed  for  the  ponds,  from 
which  Lynn  draws  its  water  supply  :  Breed's,  Birch  and  Wal- 
den  (Glen  Lewis  and  Walden),  and  Mr.  Comstock  stated  that 
the  water  was  purified  through  being  exposed  to  the  fresh  air 
and  sunlight.  He  explained  how  it  passes  from  one  pond  to 
another  and  finally  reaches  the  homes  in  the  city. 

The  speaker  described  the  topography  of  the  woods,  and  its 
great  diversity  of  beautiful  scenery ;  the  hills  sloping  off  to  the 
low  roUing  territory,  the  grassy  vales  and  swampy  lands. 
Travelling  through  the  woods,  one  comes  across  large  boulders, 
weighing  hundreds  of  tons,  "lone  monuments  of  time,"  and 
besides  these  natural  points  of  interest,  one  finds  the  middle 
pasture  wall.  Dungeon  rock  and  its  tradition  of  gold  treasure 
were  not  overlooked. 

Mr.  Comstock  referred  to  the  many  kinds  of  trees  in  the 
reservation,  to  the  plants  and  shrubs.  He  described  the  work 
that  has  been  done  in  the  removal  of  dead  trees,  especially  oak, 
and  the  planting  of  white  pine,  hemlock,  red  pine  and  Douglas 
fir.  He  also  spoke  of  the  nursery,  that  has  been  established, 
adding  that  a  beautiful  rock  garden  was  now  being  made. 


l6o  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

He  called  attention  to  a  topographical  map  of  the  Lynn 
Woods  area,  showing  the  holdings  at  the  time  the  reservation 
was  established,  covering  an  area  of  996  acres.  This  map  was 
reproduced  in  the  Lynn  Daily  Bee  of  Oct.  17,  1890  and  Mr. 
Comstock  presented  a  copy  to  the  society.  The  society  has  an 
enlarged  copy  of  this  map  on  the  wall  of  its  lecture  room,  pre- 
sented some  years  ago  by  Henry  F.  Tapley.  The  reproduction 
in  the  Lynn  Bee^  carries  with  it  an  article  on  the  early  history 
of  the  Lynn  Woods  and  for  this  paper  the  society  is  indebted  to 
our  guest. 

After  the  address,  Mr.  Comstock  answered  many  questions 
about  the  work  of  the  board,  particularly  with  regard  to 
widening  the  roads;  making  some  sections  one  way  roads, 
and  to  a  new  road  that  is  now^  vmder  construction. 

Others  taking  part  in  the  discussion,  were  George  S.  Bliss, 
member  of  the  Park  Commission,  Kendall  A,  Sanderson, 
Sanford  A.  Moss,  Benjamin  N.  Johnson,  James  D.  Stevens, 
Mrs.  Edward  B.  Clarke  and  Ellen  Mudge  Burrill. 

Dec.  15,  1927.  "Colonel  Isaac  Royall  of  Medford,  his  Mansion  and 
Slave  Quarters," — a  lecture  delightfully  informal,  presented  hy  Lieut. 
Col.  Charles  Montraville  Green,  ^LD.,  President  of  the  Royall  House 
Association. 

Dr.  Green  gave  a  sketch  of  Col.  Royall  and  his  family,  his  public 
service,  his  various  residences,  and  finally  an  outline  of  the  Royall 
House.  He  described  the  Association's  work  in  preserving  the  Royall 
House,  and  passed  through  the  audience  a  large  number  of  beautiful 
photographs,  of  the  exterior  and  interior  of  this  mansion. 

"There  were  two  Colonel  Royalls,  and  in  the  glory  of  the  son,  we 
must  not  forget  the  honor  of  the  father.  Isaac  Royall,  the  Englishman, 
was  a  cooper;  he  was  also  a  cleaver  of  timber.  In  1629,  a  tract  of  land 
was  granted  to  him  by  Governor  Endecott  of  Salem,  at  the  request  of 
Matthew  Cradock,  who  was  then  governor  of  the  New  England  Company, 
resident  in  London.  His  land  was  in  what  is  now  Beverly,  and  is 
known,  I  understand,  today  as  "Royal-side"  (Ryal-side).  He  did  not 
remain  there  very  long,  but  in  1635  went  to  Maine.  He  had  a  son 
William  born  in  1640,  who  settled  in  Yarmouth.  Col.  Isaac  Royall  was 
born  in  North  Yarmouth  in  1672,  but  he  finally  left  there  on  account  of 
Indian  troubles,  and  settled  in  Dorchester.  That  home  remained  in  the 
family  a  good  many  years.  He  went  in  early  life  to  Antigua  and  became 
a  planter,  then  returned  to  Massachusetts,  meanwhile  maintaining  a  home 
for  his  children  in  Dorchester  and  there  they  were  educated.  Later,  on 
again  returning  from  Antigua,  he  selected  what  has  since  become  the 
Royall  house  for  his  home,  and  the  Dorchester  house  was  sold.  Isaac 
Royall  is  buried  in  a  tomb  in  the  Dorchester  cemetery.  The  son,  Isaac, 
was  born  in  Antigua  in  1719. 


REPORT    OF    SECRETARY  l6l 

There  is  something  of  peculiar  interest  in  the  Royall  house  when 
we  realize  that  it  was  originally  the  house  of  Governor  Winthrop.  It  is 
a  house  that  covers  the  whole  span  of  our  life  in  this  country,  from 
Governor  Winthrop's  time  to  the  present  day.  Winthrop  did  not  live  in 
this  house,  but  he  owned  about  600  acres  of  land  and  on  his  death,  it 
descended  to  his  son.  He  built  this  house  about  1634  as  a  home  for  his 
man  of  afitairs,  whereas  we  first  had  supposed  that  John  Winthrop  had 
lived  there.  He  used  to  go  out  to  Medford,  and  it  is  said  that  he  would 
take  his  luncheon  of  bread  and  cheese  on  these  trips. 

After  it  passed  from  the  hands  of  Governor  Winthrop's  son,  it  was 
sold  to  a  family  by  the  name  of  Lidgett,  and  the  widow  married  (2)  John 
Usher,  who  became  Lieutenant  Governor  of  the  Province  of  New 
Hampshire;  then  it  finally  passed  into  the  hands  of  Isaac  Royall,  Sr. 

Prior  to  that,  Mr.  Usher  had  made  an  addition  to  the  house.  It  was 
brick,  of  two  stories,  with  a  very  small  attic.  Usher  had  a  lean-to  built 
on  the  rear.  From  the  photographs,  one  can  see  the  architectural 
changes  from  the  outside.  The  lean-to  was  put  on  about  1690.  Royall 
bought  the  house  in  1732;  he  added  to  it  and  it  is  said  to  have  been  made 
like  a  house  which  he  admired  in  Antigua.  He  came  to  reside  upon  his 
estate  in  1737,  and  died  there  in  1739,  about  two  years  after  the  house 
was  finished,  and  was  buried,  as  has  been  said,  in  a  table  tomb  in 
Dorchester. 

Coming  down  to  the  son,  he  had  married  and  soon  took  over  not 
only  the  property,  but  the  father's  slaves.  Isaac,  Sr.,  had  brought,  it  is 
said,  twenty-seven  slaves,  from  Antigua,  and  they  were  with  him  through- 
out. Some  lived  in  the  house;  most  of  them  were  quartered  in  the  slave 
quarters. 

Isaac  Royall,  Jr.,  was  very  much  maligned  for  his  conduct  just 
before  and  at  the  time  of  the  Revolution.  He  was  very  much  beloved  by 
the  people  who  lived  in  his  section  of  the  Colony  ;  he  did  a  great  many 
things  for  them.  If  any  body  built  a  church,  he  gave  the  pulpit,  table  or 
communion  plates.  He  was  very  religious.  He  owned  a  pew  in  Kings 
Chapel.  The  service  there  was  very  different  from  the  service  of  the 
First  Parish  in  Medford,  but  he  also  had  a  pew  in  that  church,  and  he 
gave  them  a  beautiful  communion  service.  It  is  so  precious  that  many 
buyers  have  sought  it,  but  fortunately  it  has  not  been  sold;  they  do  not 
use  it  but  keep  it  in  the  Museum  of  Fine  Arts. 

Isaac  Royall  served  on  a  committee  to  try  and  secure  a  fire  engine 
for  Medford, — the  Grasshopper.  He  owned  a  lot  of  land  in  Granby. 
He  gave  about  one  hundred  acres  to  the  President  and  Fellows  of  Harvard 
College,  by  his  will,  to  endow  a  professorship  in  'Physic'  (the  theory 
and  practice  of  Physic),  or  a  professorship  of  Law." 

"He  was  moderator  of  the  Town  Meeting,  and  served  in  the  House 
of  Representatives  and  the  Council."  Col.  Green  said  that  he  had  always 
understood  that  Mr.  Royall  gave  the  chandelier  that  now  hangs  in  the 
Council  Chamber  at  the  State  House,  and  that  it  was  first  hung  in  the 


l62  I.YNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

House  of  Representatives  of  the  Old  State  House  in  State  Street,  so  per- 
haps after  all  he  was  a  man  who  could  be  forgiven  a  good  deal. 

"While  he  disappeared  right  after  the  battle  of  Lexington,  still  he 
may  be  forgivable.  He  had  been  planning  to  go  to  his  old  home  in 
Antigua,  where  it  had  been  his  custom  to  go  from  time  to  time.  He 
went  to  Boston  to  call  on  friends,  to  go  to  Church,  in  Kings  Chapel,  to 
dine  with  his  daughter  and  her  husband,  and  then  to  sail  from  Salem  to 
Antigua.  Meanwhile,  he  got  into  Boston  but  could  not  get  out.  The 
town  was  shut  up  after  the  battle  of  Lexington,  and  so  he  had  to  remain 
there  for  a  time.  Then  he  thought  perhaps  he  could  ship  from  Halifax, 
and  finally  he  was  allowed  to  go  there  with  other  refugees,  but  he  found 
that  no  ship  sailed  from  Halifax  to  Antigua  so  he  had  to  take  ship  for 
England,  where  he  died  in  1781." 

Publications 

We  have  completed  the  printing  and  distribution  of  Volume 
34,  Part  I,  of  the  Register,  bringing  the  Necrologies  and 
Memoirs  down  to  January  i,  1926.  Miss  Susan  L.  Johnson, 
chairman  of  the  Necrology  committee,  has  the  papers  in  hand 
since  that  date,  and  she  is  doing  invaluable  work  in  the  collect- 
ing of  material  which,  by  its  nature,  is  very  sad,  but  yet  is  of  the 
greatest  importance  for  our  archives.  I  wish  to  express  to  her 
my  highest  appreciation  and  personal  regard.  Mrs.  Howard  K. 
Sanderson  is  also  a  very  valuable  member  of  this  committee. 
Although  she  has  not  been  able  to  take  an  active  part  the  past 
year,  her  advice  has  been  of  great  assistance. 

Membership 

The  present  membership  is  4S9,  eleven  less  than  one  year 
ago.  We  have  few  resignations,  but  the  great  part  of  the  loss 
is,  as  must  be  expected,  because  of  death.  Therefore,  it  is  our 
duty  to  be  constantly  looking  for  new  members.  To  call  this  to 
the  attention  of  the  membership,  I  have  from  time  to  time 
inserted  an  application  slip  in  the  monthly  notices.  The  results 
are  beginning  to  show,  atid  I  urge  on  you  all  this  method  of 
increasing  our  membership.  There  is  still  a  feeling  among 
some  that  our  Society  is  a  close  corporation.  Won't  you  try  to 
overcome  that  idea.  Because  we  are  a  Massachusetts  corpora- 
tion, we  are  a  public  corporation,  and  so  the  Secretary  adds  to 
the  notices  a  statement  that  the  meetings  are  open  to  the  public. 
This  is  done  l)y  otlier  societies. 


REPORT    OF 'secretary  163 

Library 

In  my  last  annual  report,  reference  was  made  to  our  fine 
Library  of  local  history,  newspapers,  school  books,  pamphlets 
and  documents.  We  also  receive  at  regular  intervals  the  publi- 
cations of  a  number  of  societies. 

The  Secretary  is  a  believer  in  the  modern  library  method 
of  the  open  shelf  and  freer  access  to  books,  and  hopes  the  time 
may  come  soon  when  we  can  offer  more  general  use  of  these 
books. 

Our  Museum  is  continually  growing.  Gifts  are  always 
solicited,  if  in  good  order.  As  with  the  books,  so  with  the 
Museum,  may  it  soon  be  more  accessible  to  the  public.  This 
can  be  encouraged  by  invitations  to  groups  or  organizations  to 
visit  our  building. 

Gifts 

Many  gifts  have  come  during  the  year.  May  I  refer  to  just 
two. 

A  group  of  early  Lynn  lantern  slides,  bequeathed  by  the 
late  Benjamin  W.  Rowell,  which  Mr.  Bliss  will  speak  of  more 
definitely. 

A  Warranty  Deed,  covering  the  interest  of  Mr.  Henry  F. 
Tapley  in  certain  Lynnhurst  property,  being  Lot  No.  50  on  a 
plan  of  land  in  Saugus,  formerly  belonging  to  Miss  Eliza  A. 
Aldsworth,  L.  G.  Hawkes,  vSurveyor,  recorded  with  the  deed, 
at  Salem,  July  5,  1906,  Book  1830,  p.  428.  The  transfer  of 
this  deed  will  be  recorded  in  behalf  of  the  Society. 

ELLEN   MUDGE    BURRILL, 

Secretary. 


164  LYJInJ  HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

Minutes  of  tiik  Annual  Meeting 

The  thirty  second  annual  meeting  of  the  Lynn  Historical 
Society  was  held  at  the  house  Thursday,  January  12,  1928,  at 
8  P.  M.,  President  Johnson  in  the  chair.  There  was  a  full 
attendance  of  members.  In  the  absence  of  the  Secretary,  Miss 
Burrill,  John  Albree  was  elected  Secretary  pro  tern. 

The  annual  reports  of  the  Secretary,  Treasurer  and  Com- 
mittee on  Necrology  were  submitted  in  writing  and  were  read 
and  accepted.  The  Custodians  of  Documents  and  of  Photo- 
graphs and  the  Committee  on  Hospitality  through  Miss  Hacker, 
chairman,  reported  verbally. 

Mr.  Ira  J.  Haskell  reported  that  he  had  received  a  letter 
which  he  read,  from  A.  F.  Burdett  of  Springfield,  accompany- 
ing a  gift  of  two  silver  plated  spoons  which  had  been  used  in 
the  Old  Sagamore  Hotel  in  Lynn,  in  1 800-1,  at  which  time 
Jerome  S.  Burdett  was  the  proprietor.  The  spoons  are  marked 
with  the  name  of  the  hotel. 

The  Nominating  Committee,  Messrs.  Ira  J.  Haskell,  Ralph 
H.  Nutter  and  Mrs.  Edward  B.  Clarke  submitted  a  list  of 
nominations  for  officers.  The  report  was  accepted  and  by  vote 
of  the  Society,  no  one  objecting,  the  Secretary  was  authorized 
to  cast  a  ballot  for  the  list  as  submitted. 

On  the  completion  of  the  formal  action  incident  to  the 
annual  meeting,  President  Johnson  spoke  on  "King's  Lynn, 
England,"  making  use  of  many  slides  to  illustrate  his  theme. 

He  called  attention  to  a  guide  book  that  was  sent  last  year 
to  Mayor  Bauer  by  the  Mayor  of  King's  Lynn,  Mrs.  Florence 
E.  Coxon,  for  as  in  many  English  towns  a  woman  has  been 
chosen  Mayor.  The  book  was  accompanied  with  a  letter  of 
cordial  tone  which,  with  the  book,  is  a  present  to  the  Historical 
Society  by  Mayor  Bauer. 

The  name,  "King's  Lynn"  in  itself  has  suggestions  of 
interesting  history.  The  old  town  of  Lynn  was  disposed  to 
favor  King  John  as  against  the  barons,  and  he  gave  it  a  cup  and 
a  sword  which  have  been  carefully  treasured  all  the  centuries 
since.  Tlic  Bishops  of  Norwich  claimed  to  have  precedence 
and  insisted  that  the  crozier  should  ha\e  the  place  in  proces- 
sions in  advance  of  the  sword.      To  support  this  claim  tlie  town 


REPORT    OF    SECRETARY  l6$ 

took  the  name  of  Lenna  Episcopi,  Bishop's  Lynn.  Later 
Bishops,  however,  were  not  discreet  in  commenting  upon  acts 
matrimonial  of  King  Henry  VIII  and  he  terminated  the  diffi- 
culty by  giving  the  town  the  name  of  Lenna  Regis,  King's 
Lynn. 

King's  Lynn,  Mr.  Johnson  described  as  medieval  in  its 
appearance.  It  has  also  some  aspects  of  a  Dutch  town.  This 
came  about  through  the  connection  with  Holland,  as  King's 
Lynn  is  the  jDort  of  the  great  Fen  Country  and  through  it  has 
passed  for  centuries  the  commerce  with  the  Continent,  Holland 
being  the  nearest  country  by  sea. 

There  are  two  Gothic  churches,  St.  Margaret's  and  St. 
Nicholas,  of  each  of  which  slides  were  shown  that  fully 
supported  the  enthusiasm  of  the  speaker  as  to  their  beauty. 
St.  Margaret's  has  a  history  and  records  that  run  back  to  the 
twelfth  century.  Castle  Rising,  still  standing,  has  a  history 
almost  as  ancient.  The  old  gates,  relics  of  the  time  when  the 
town  had  walls  surrounding  it,  are  preserved  and  kept  in  repair. 
Of  these  and  of  the  harbor  with  its  shipping,  views  were  shown. 

The  Guild  Hall  with  its  facade  of  black  and  white  stones 
is  one  of  the  treasured  monuments  of  the  town  and  is  still  used 
for  municipal  purposes. 

(Signed)    JOHN   ALBREE, 

Secretary  Pro  Tern. 


l66  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 


REPORT   OF   THE    COMMITTEE   ON    NECROLOGY 
FOR  THE  YEAR  1927 


To  the  Lytift  Historical  Society: — 

Our  Committee  reports  the  loss  by  death  during  the  year 
1927,  of  twenty-two  honored  members. 

Name 
Clifton  Colbiirn 

Ltlla  Mabel  Breed  (Mrs.  Charles  Otis) 
Sophia  Maud  Somers 
Rev.  Samuel  Barrett  Stewart 
Charles  Henry  Stephenson 
Clarke  Earle 
John  M.  Thomson  (Life) 
Elmer  Ellsworth  Sanborn 
Alfred  Landon  Baker  (Life) 
Henry  Newhall  Berry  (Life) 
Isabelle  Bradford  Stimpson 

(Mrs.  Henry) 
George  Addison  Willard 
Addie  Gertrude  Fuller 

(Mrs.  Charles  S.) 
Hon.  Thomas  F'reeman  Porter 
William  Briggs  Kelley 
William  Blaney  Bessom 
Adelaide  Breed  Bayrd  (Mrs.  Arthur) 
Grace  Mix  Holder 

(Mrs.  Jesse  Morgan) 
Hiram  Emery  Miller 
Helen  Hastings  Hovey 
Edith  Marion  Treadwell 

(Mrs.  Chester  C.) 
Anna  Elizabeth  Emerson 

(Mrs.  Henry  P.) 

Respectfully  submitted, 

SUSAN    L.  JOHNSON,  Chairman, 

Necrology  Committee, 


Joinc 

d 

D 

icd 

Mar. 

8, 

I90I 

Jan. 

5. 

1927 

Mar. 

26, 

1 90 1 

Jan. 

26, 

1927 

Sept. 

18, 

191  I 

Jan. 

28, 

1927 

Apr. 

27. 

1897 

Feb. 

13. 

1927 

Oct. 

16, 

1910 

Mar. 

19. 

1927 

Nov. 

15. 

1926 

Apr. 

4- 

1927 

Dec. 

15. 

1921 

Apr. 

iii 

1927 

Oct. 

18, 

1909 

Apr. 

16, 

1927 

Sept. 

9. 

1898 

May. 

, 

1927 

Feb. 

21, 

I91O 

June 

4' 

1927 

May 

30, 

1898 

June 

17. 

1927 

Dec. 

20, 

1909 

June 

18, 

1927 

Apr. 

27. 

1S97 

June 

20, 

1927 

Apr. 

27. 

1897 

July 

12, 

1927 

May 

19. 

1913 

Aug. 

2, 

1927 

Mar. 

27. 

1900 

Aug. 

3. 

1927 

July 

5. 

1927 

Aug. 

18, 

1927 

Nov. 

17. 

I913 

Aug. 

25. 

1927 

Oct. 

iS, 

1909 

Aug. 

27. 

1927 

Apr. 

21, 

I913 

Sept. 

II. 

1927 

Oct. 

7. 

1913 

Dec. 

2, 

1927 

Oct.  28, 

19OI 

July 

6, 

1927 

MOUNT    CHOCORUA  167 


MOUNT    CHOCORUA 

By  Thomas  Edward  Parker 
A  paper  read  before  the  Lynn  Historical  Society,  February  10,  1927 


To  US  who  love  the  mountains, — and  who  does  not, — we 
know  of  none  so  beautiful  and  inspiring  as  "Chocorua."  It  is 
the  first  of  the  higher  mountains  to  greet  us,  when  on  our 
excursions  to  the  hills  of  northern  New  Hampshire.  It  stands 
in  all  its  alpine  glory, — a  grim  sentinel  at  the  gateway  of  the 
beautiful  White  Hills. 

Before  telling  you  the  stories  of  Chocorua,  let  us  look,  for 
a  moment,  at  the  movmtain  itself. 

Rev.  Starr  King  says  : — 

"Chocorua!  How  rich  and  sonorous  the  word  is!  Does 
not  its  rhythm  suggest  the  wildness  and  lonesomeness  of  the 
great  hills?  To  our  ears  it  always  brings  the  sigh  of  the  wind 
through  mountain  pines.  It  is  everything  a  New  Hampshire 
mountain  should  be.  It  bears  the  name  of  an  Indian  Chief.  It 
is  invested  with  traditions  of  public  interest.  Its  form  is 
massive  and  symmetrical.  The  forests  of  its  lower  slopes  are 
crowned  with  rock  that  is  sculptured  into  a  peak  with  lines  full 
of  haughty  energy,  in  whose  gorges  huge  shadows  are  entrapped 
and  whose  cliffs  blaze  with  morning  gold." 

Starr  King  possessed  a  wonderful  power  of  description  and 
could  paint  a  word  picture  of  great  beauty.  He  knew  the 
mountains  thoroughly  and  ranked  the  view  from  the  summit  of 
Chocorua  as  one  of  the  six  finest  to  be  found  in  all  northern 
New  Hampshire.  We  who  know  Chocorua  best,  think  it  the 
most  interesting  of  all  the  mountains.  Others  may  be  larger, 
higher,  or  more  kingly,  but  none  offer  more  varied  beauties  of 
ascent,  or  grander  and  more  entrancing  views  from  their  cloud 
kissed  summits.  Mount  Washington  rises  to  nearly  double 
Chocorua's  height  and  by  its  very  elevation  seems  to  dwarf  all 
below  to  a  more  or  less  flattened  plain,  while  from  Chocorua's 
peak  we  look  out  through  a  maze  of  noble  mountains  of  nearly 
the  same  elevation,  giving  us  views  of  surpassing  grandeur  and 
alpine  beauty. 


l68  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

Here  came  our  beloved  Whittier  : — 

"To  breathe  the  wine  of  mountain  air 
Beside  the  bearcamp  waters." 

Here,  he  preferred  to  sojourn  rather  than  in  the  more  popuhir 
region  of  the  greater  mountains  to  the  north.  While  spending 
his  summers  at  Sandwich,  he  wrote  many  of  his  most  beautiful 
lines. 

"Through  Sandwich  Notch  the  west  wind  sang 
Good  morrow  to  the  cotter  ; 
And  once  again  Chocorua's  Horn 
Of  sliadow  pierced  the  water." 

"For  health  comes  sparkling  in  the  streams 
From  cool  Chocorua  stealing. 
There's  iron  in  our  mountain  winds  ; 
Our  pines  are  trees  of  healing." 

Views 

To  those  who  have  looked  from  the  summit  of  Chocorua, 
no  description  is  needed.  You  who  have  never  been  so  fortu- 
nate, listen  !  and  visualize  it,  if  you  can,  from  my  feeble  effort 
to  describe  a  thing  so  grand. 

To  the  east  and  south,  we  look  out  over  the  soft  expanse  of 
valley  country,  broken  here  and  there  by  isolated  peaks, — The 
silver  sheen  of  peaceful  lake  or  the  glint  of  swift  flowing  river, 
sparkling  in  the  sunlight. 

Further  to  the  south,  the  queenly  Winnepesaukee  lies, 
spread  out  before  us  in  a  "far  reaching  landscape."  To  the 
west,  the  eye  passes  over  a  region  of  alpine  grandeur. 

Here  rise  the  successive  peaks  of  the  Sandwich  Range, — 
Chocorua,  Paugus  (old  much  named  Paugus),  Passaconaway, 
Sandwich  Dome,  Whiteface,  Israel  and  "that  bright  cone  of 
perfect  emerald,  Wanalancet,"  all  blazing  with  sunlight  or 
sombre  with  the  shade  of  passing  cloud. 

Further  towards  the  northwest,  we  see  myriads  more  of 
majestic  hills,  so  interwoven  that  the  eye  fails  to  detect  a  spot 
where  the  world-maker  could  have  placed  another  hill,  while  at 
our  feet,  enclosed  in  its  setting  of   emerald  green   and  purple 


MOUNT    CHOCORUA  169 

haze,  rests  the  peaceful    sparkHng  gem  of    the    "Swift    River 
Intervale,"  while  almost  due  norlh  we  see 

"Range  after  range  sublimely  piled  on  high," 
and  above  all, 

"Imperial  Washington" 
crowning  with  glory  the  crystal  hills. 

The  effect  of  a  mountain  view  upon  different  people  is 
often  most  interesting  to  observe.  Some,  as  the  whole  glorious 
scene  bursts  upon  their  view,  behold  it  with  calm  indifference  ; 
as  they  would  say,  "Very  fine  !  It  was  a  good  climb  but  I  don't 
see  any  money  in  it."  Others  will  cry  out  in  the  exuberance  of 
their  souls, — "O  !   isn't  it  pretty."  Or, 

"Like  the  young  lady  quite  spry,  who  climed  up  a  mountain 
quite  high  ; 
When  she  got  to  the  top 
She  concluded  to  stop 
And  remarked  to  those  near  her,  'Oh  my!'  " 

Others,  who  really  see  the  glories  of  the  mountains,  stand 
silent  and  spellbound  before  the  majesty  of  the  scene.  Others 
still,  break  forth  unconsciously  into  exhortation  and  praise, 
shouting  passage  after  passage  from  the  Bible  : — 

"I  will  lift  up  mine  eyes  unto  the  hills,  from  whence  cometh  my  help. 
My  help  cometh  from  the  Lord,  which  made  heaven  and  earth. 
He  will  not  suffer  thy  foot  to  be  moved  :  he  that  keepeth  thee  will  not 

slumber. 
Behold,  he  that  keepeth  Israel  shall  neither  slumber  nor  sleep. 
The  Lord  is  thy  keeper;  the  Lord  is  thy  shade  upon  thy  right  hand. 
The  sun  shall  not  smite  thee  by  day,  nor  the  moon  by  night. 
The  Lord  shall  preserve  thee  from  all  evil :  he  shall  preserve  thy  soul. 
The  Lord  shall  preserve  thy  going  out  and  thy  coming  in  from  this 

time  forth,  and  even  for  evermore." 

Laconia 

The  territory  to  the  east  and  south  of  the  mountains,  to  the 
ocean,  was  early  all  known  as  Laconia,  which  name  has  been 
lost  to  this  territory,  to  be  preserved,  I  believe,  only  by  a  single 
town. 

In  this  territory  lived  numerous  tribes  of  Indians,  all  under 


lyO  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

the  leadership  of  the  noble  Passaconavvay,  chief  and  Bashaba 
of  all  tlie  tribes  known  as  the  Pennacooks. 

In  the  more  immediate  vicinity,  to  the  south  and  east  of  the 
mountains,  dwelt  the  tribe  known  as  the  "Pig-wack'-ets,"  from 
whom  all  the  territory,  now  embraced  in  the  numerous  sur- 
rounding towns,  came  to  be  known  as  "Pig-wack'-et,"  and  the 
name  has  gradually  been  softened  to  the  more  euphonious  and 
poetic  pronunciation, — "Pequaket."  Later,  the  country  was 
divided  into  townships  under  different  names, — this  beautiful 
Indian  name  being  preserved  only  by  a  very  small  hamlet, — 
which  is  much  to  be  regretted. 

This  section  around  Chocorua  became  the  town  of  Burton; 
later  still,  Albany,  Madison  and  Tamworth. 

This  brings  us  down  to  the  present  time,  and  back  to  our 
subject , — Chocoru  a . 

Trails  and  Paths 

A  path  is  something  of  which  we  become  very  fond. 

"Show  me  thy  ways,  O  Lord  ;  teach  me  thy  paths," — sang  the 

psalmist.     What  more  delightful  than 
"To  find  sweet  paths  through  fairy  realms  of  fern. 

Where  golden-rod  and  scarlet  lillies  burn." 

Chocorua  has  some  six  or  seven  trails,  leading  to  its  sum- 
mit. I  will  ask  you  to  follow  tliese  with  me,  picking  up  bits  of 
interest  here  and  there  along  the  way. 

These  trails  are  the  Hammond  Trail,  tlie  Liberty  Path,  and 
the  Clay  Bank  Brook  Path,  from  the  south  or  Tamworth  side; 
the  Shackford  Trail  from  the  Swift  River  Intervale;  an  old 
unnamed  trail  from  the  lona  and  Conway  side  ;  the  Piper  and 
Weetamoo  Trails  from  the  east  side, —  both  the  latter  starting 
from  the  old  Piper  homestead,  opposite  tlie  Clement  Inn  (the 
old  Piper  House) . 

The  oldest  trail  to  the  top  of  Chocorua  is  the  Hammond 
Trail.  It  is  very  old.  No  one  knows  how  old.  It  was  used 
by  tlie  Indians  long  before  the  white  inan  came  to  drive  them 
from  the  homes  of  their  fathers. 

Osgood's  guide  to  the  mountains  says: —  "The  most  popu- 
lar path  to  the  summit  of  Chocorua  is  from  the  Hammond  farm" 


MOUNT    CHOCORUA  I7I 

(now  the  Potter  place).  "The  path  is  generally  plain  and 
easy,"  says  Osgood,  "and  is  sometimes  ascended  by  ladies!" 
This  sentence  was  written  many  years  ago,  before  we  ever  heard 
of  the  new  woman.  The  Hammond  is  a  very  beautiful  trail 
and  affords  the  climber  many  entrancing  vievv^s. 

The  Liberty  Path  gets  its  name  from  a  man  named 
"Liberty,"  who  made  the  road  (for  it  is  more  a  road  than  a 
trail),  assisted  by  the  farmers  living  in  the  vicinity.  It  is  un- 
attractive and  dusty,  although  much  used,  because  of  its  shorter 
distance  to  the  ledges. 

It  was  formally  controlled  by  Mr.  David  Knowles,  a  queer 
genius,  who  kept  the  Peak  House,  or  did  keep  it  until  one  of  the 
gentle  mountain  zephyrs  took  it  and  landed  it  in  the  ravine 
below, —  a  pile  of  kindling  wood.  He  used  to  call  his  house 
the  "Peak  House,"  because,  perhaps,  it  was  not  on  the  peak, 
but  on  a  shoulder  of  the  mountain  at  the  foot  of  the  hardest 
climb. 

David  had  an  old  horse  that  was  an  unusual  horse.  He 
would  go  up  the  mountain  all  alone,  with  a  load  of  provisions  on 
his  back,  and  return  again  all  alone  after  being  fed.  I  do  not 
forget,  I  never  shall  forget  that  David  used  to  give  us  the  most 
wonderful  coffee,  doughnuts  and  blueberry  pie,  which  tasted  so 
awfully  good  after  a  hard  climb  on  a  hot  day. 

The  Clay  Bank  Brook  Path,  leading  along  the  banks  of  a 
dancing  brook,  coming  out  upon  the  ledges  just  below  the  last 
hard  climb,  was  made  by  the  farmers  in  the  vicinity,  who  were 
justly  incensed  because  they  were  charged  a  toll  to  go  over  the 
Liberty  Path,  after  gratuitously  helping  to  build  the  road, 
supposing  it  was  to  be  free  to  all. 

There  is  a  tradition  that  the  old  Chief  Chocorua  lies  buried 
by  the  side  of  this  brook,  near  the  foot  of  the  mountain,  but  the 
spot  is  now  unknown.  Be  this  true  or  not,  let  us  drop  a  tear  to 
his  memory,  and  say  "peace  to  his  ashes."  Now,  at  least,  he 
is  a  very  good  Indian,  having  been  a  long  time  dead.  His 
memory  is  honored  by  a  grand  and  noble  monument,  as  endur- 
ing as  the  universe.  Later  on,  I  will  give  you  an  outline  sketch 
of  his  sad  story. 

The  Shackford,  or  Sturges  Pray-Trail  is  another  interesting 
trail,  from  the  Swift  River  Intervale.     Shackford's  was  a  note 


172  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

house  of  entertainment  for  trampers  and  ilshermcn,  situated  in 
the  Intervale.  The  trail  crosses  the  Champney  Brook  just 
above  Champney  Falls, — so  named  from  the  artist.  It  also 
crosses  Saba-day  Brook  and  others.  Formerly,  this  trail  passed 
through  jrreat  groves  of  noble  old  monarchs  of  the  forest,  now, 
alas  !  laid  low  by  the  woodman's  axe. 

There  is  another  very  old  trail  from  lona  hamlet,  probably 
made  by  the  early  settlers  of  Conway.  It  is  very  hard  to  follow, 
only  here  and  there  a  cairn  left  to  mark  the  trail.  This  trail 
may  be  older  than  the  Hammond  trail. 

It  is  told  by  descendants  of  these  early  settlers  of  Conway, 
that  the  forest  was  so  dense,  they  were  obliged  to  fell  many  a 
giant  tree  to  make  way  for  tlieir  ox  teams  to  pass  through. 

The  Piper  Trail 

When  Mr.  Joshua  Piper  came  to  settle  here  seventy-five 
or  eighty  years  ago,  there  were  no  trails  on  the  easterly  side  of 
the  mountain,  so  he  proceeded  to  blaze  one  for  his  own  use,  in 
guiding  parties  and  hunting  bears, — of  the  latter,  he  told  the 
writer  he  had  killed  more  than  one  hundred.  He  could  and 
once  did  attack  and  kill  a  bear  with  a  club.  The  trail  follows 
the  northern  ridge  along  Chocorua  Brook,  nearly  to  its  source, 
thence  on  over  the  ridges  to  the  top.  It  is  a  wonderfully  pictur- 
esque trail  and  affords  many  entrancing  views. 

The  Weetamoo  Trail 

The  Weetamoo,  or  newest.  Trail  was  Idazed  in  1903.  It 
starts  with  the  Piper  Trail  at  the  old  Piper  Homestead,  soon 
leaving  it  and  crossing  to  the  westerly  side  of  Chocorua  Brook, 
following  the  brook  for  a  half  mile  or  so,  then  straight  up  to 
the  ledges,  where  it  joins  tlie  Hammond  Trail,  and  so  on  to  the 
summit. 

It  passes,  on  its  way,  the  great  Weetamoo  rocks,  which, 
with  the  great  Cow  boulder,  made  famous  by  Frank  Bowles, 
form  some  of  the  most  beautiful  examples  of  geological  pluck- 
ing,—  (so  says  the  geologist  of  the  family). 

The  advantage  of  the  Weetamoo  Trail  over  the  others  is, 


MOUNT    CHOCORUA  173 

that  it  enables  one  to  climb  the  mountain,  pass  up  the  chimney 
and  over  the  summit  and  return  by  the  Piper  Trail,  thus  viewing 
all  sides  of  the  mountain  in  one  trip. 

Wketamoo 

I  am  often  asked  from  whence  cometh  this  name 
"Weetamoo"  !  Many  Indian  chiefs  have  been  honored  and 
their  memories  perpetuated  by  having  their  names  given  to 
mountains  and  picturesque  places,  and  it  was  borne  in  upon 
the  writer  that  it  was  high  time  some  one  should  take  up  the 
cudgels  for  the  squaws,  especially  when  we  find  one  who  con- 
nects so  poetically  these  mountains  with  our  own  Saugus  Hills. 

The  writer,  therefore,  named  the  new  trail  the  Weetamoo 
Trail,  in  honor  of  "dark  eyed  Weetamoo"  of  Whittier's  poem 
"The  Bridal  of  Pennacook,  in  which  Whittier  tells  us  how 

"The  Saugus  Sachem  had  come  to  woo 
The  Bashaba's  daughter  Weetamoo, 
And  laid  at  her  father's  feet  that  night 
His  softest  furs  and  wampum  white." 

And  how  the  wedding  closed  with  a  great  feast,  and  how  a 
select  number  of  warriors  accompanied  the  happy  pair  to  their 
home  on  Sagamore  Hill  in  Lynn,  the  home  of  Win-ne-pur-ket, 
the  happy  Saugus  Sachem.  The  incidents  of  Whittier's  poem 
were  probably  taken  from  the  legends  of  the  Pennacooks. 

These  tell  of  the  wedding,  the  departure,  and  the  journey 
to  Saugus  and  Lynn,  and  how  after  a  time  Weetamoo  became 
homesick  with  longing  for  her  old  home  and  people. 

In  the  Lynn  Woods,  there  is  an  outlook  called  "Weetamoo 
Ledge,"  where  tradition  says  Weetamoo  used  to  stand  and  look 
longingly  toward  the  home  of  her  childhood.  Finally,  she 
asked  her  august  Lord  and  Master,  and  was  permitted  to  pay  a 
visit  to  her  father  and  his  people.  She  was  escorted  to  the 
Bashaba's  wigwam,  by  a  band  of  braves,  and  left  there  to  enjoy 
again  for  a  time  the  scenes  of  her  childhood. 

When  she  wished  to  return,  however,  her  father  Passacon- 
away  sent  word  to  Win-ne-pur-ket  to  come  and  get  her.  This 
provoked  the  proud  chieftain  of  Saugus,  who  returned  for 
answer   that    he    had  escorted  his  squaw  back  to  her  father's 


174  LYNNIHISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

wigwam  in  a  style  befitting  the  daughter  of  a  chief,  and  that 
now  her  father  must  send  her  back  in  the  same  way. 

This,  in  turn,  angered  the  Bashaba,  and  he  refused,  send- 
ing back  word  instead  that  his  respected  son-in-law  "might 
stick   to    his    clams    and    succatash"    for    he    never,  no   never, 

etc "May   his    scalp    dry   black    in    Mohawk    smoke, 

before  I  send  her,"  said  he,  and  shook  his  clenched  hand  toward 
the  ocean  wave. 

It  is  interesting  in  this  connection  to  turn  to  the  traditions 
of  the  Savigus  Indians,  and  see  how  their  stories  agree  with 
Whittier's  legend.  According  to  these  traditions,  Whittier  got 
names  mixed,  as  you  will  see.  In  Lewis'  History  of  Lynn,  we 
find  it  stated  that  the  great  Chief  Nan-a-pash'-e-met  had  three 
sons,  two  of  whom  were  named  Mon-to-wam'-pate  and  Win-ne- 
pur'-ket.  The  fir^t  lived  on  Sagamore  Hill,  near  the  northern 
end  of  Long  Beach  in  Lynn, — near  where  the  writer  has  pitched 
his  wigwam. 

Mon-to-wam'-pate,  not  Win-ne-pur'-ket,  as  told  by  Whit- 
tier, married  We-nu-chus  (not  Weetamoo),  another  daughter 
of  the  great  Passaconaway.  Other  than  this,  the  legends  agree. 
Mr.  Lewis  adds  this,  however  : — 

"My  lady  readers  will  undoubtedly  be  anxious  to  know  if 
the  separation  was  final.  I  am  happy  to  inform  them  that  it 
was  not,  as  we  find  the  Princess  of  Pennacook  enjoying  the  luxu- 
ries of  the  shore  and  the  sea  breezes  at  Lynn  and  Nahant  the  next 
summer.  How  they  met  without  compromising  the  dignity  of 
the  proud  Sagamore,  history  does  not  inform  us,  but  probably, 
as  ladies  are  fertile  in  expedients,  she  met  him  half  way." 

I  am  inclined  to  take  the  account  given  by  Mr.  Lewis  as  the 
correct  one,  for  this  reason  : — Win-ne-pur'-ket  was  called  by 
the  whites  "Sagamore  George  No-Nose,"  and  no  self-respecting 
maiden,  not  even  the  duskiest  of  the  dusky  maidens  of  the 
forest,  would  marry  a  chief  with  so  undignified  a  name,  to  say 
nothing  of  the  personal  appearance  such  a  name  would  seem  to 
indicate. 

We  have  rambled  a  long  wa)-  from  our  subject  "Chocorua," 
but  I  will  tell  you  one  more  fact  about  the  name  "Weetamoo," 
before  continuing. 

There  was,  in  the    early  days,  an  Indian    Princess,  held 


MOUNT    CHOCORUA  I7S 

prisoner,  living  with  a  family  in  or  near  Worcester,  whose 
name  was  Whitamore,  and  some  historians  claim  that  the  name 
"Weetamoo"  was  simply  an  Indian's  attempt  to  speak  the  Eng- 
lish word  "Whitamore."  Be  that  as  it  may,  here  is  a  singular 
fact : —  A  man  living  about  here,  who  never  had  the  advantages 
of  education,  in  trying  to  speak  the  word  "Weetamoo,"  turned 
it  back  to  the  English  and  called  the  trail  the  "Whitamore 
Trail." 

The  Lost  Trail 

Besides  the  trails  leading  to  the  summit  of  Chocorua,  there 
is  also  a  very  interesting  trail  through  the  forest  and  over  a 
shoulder  of  Mt.  Paugus,  leading  from  Tamworth  to  the  Swift 
River  Intervale,  known  as  the  "Lost  Trail." 

It  got  this  name  on  account  of  a  severe  "blow-down"  that 
almost  obliterated  the  old  trail.  For  many  years,  thereafter,  it 
was  unused,  or  until  Mr.  Frank  Bowles  searched  it  out  and 
re-blazed  it. 

Mr.  Bowles  wrote  some  beautiful  sketches  about  the  moun- 
tain and  the  trail,  but  I  think  he  never  told  us  about  the  old 
original  trail.  I  learned  this  legend  from  an  aged  resident  of 
the  vicinity. 

There  lived  in  Tamworth,  in  the  days  of  the  early  settlers, 
a  good  old  soul, — one  of  the  salt  of  the  earth, — known  as 
Mother  Head.  One  cold  winter  day,  she  learned  that  a  woman 
over  in  the  Swift  River  Intervale  was  sick  and  in  distress.  She 
quickly  tied  on  her  Indian  snow  shoes  and  in  the  night  time, 
and  all  alone,  facing  the  bitter  cold  and  biting  wind,  and  all  the 
dangers  of  the  unbroken  forest,  tramped  through  to  the  Inter- 
vale to  render  what  help  she  could  to  the  sick  woman.  Those 
who  went  after  her,  followed  her  tracks,  blazing  the  trees  as 
they  went  along,  and  so  marked  the  trail  which  afterward 
became  a  tote  road,  and  later  the  "Lost  Trail." 

History  and  Legends 
Perhaps    before    telling  you  the  story  of   the  daughter,  I 
should  have  told  you  something  of  the  father  of  Weetamoo, — 
the  great  chief  "Passaconaway,"  and  how  the  other  mountains 
of  the  range  received  their  names. 


176  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

It  is  fitting  and  appropriate  that  the  loftiest  and  largest 
mountain  of  the  Sandwich  Range  should  bear  the  name  of  the 
greatest  chief.  So,  the  name  of  Passaconaway,  the  most 
powerful  Indian  prince  in  northern  New  England,  was  given  to 
the  grand  old  mountain,  standing  in  the  center  of  the  range  and 
lifting  its  symetrical  forest-clad  dome  to  a  height  nearly  700  feet 
above  Chocorua's  tooth. 

Passaconaway  was  the  greatest  chief,  and  head  of  the  great 
Indian  federation  of  New  England. 

So,  he  continued  until  about  1660  when,  overburdened  with 
years  and  w'eary  of  honors,  he  abdicated  his  authority  in  favor 
of  his  son,  Wanalancet. 

Passaconaway's  farewell  address  to  his  people  was  heard 
by  a  few  English  guests,  who  reported  it  to  have  been  a  splendid 
piece  of  oratory.  "Harken  to  the  words  of  your  father,"  said 
he,  "I  am  an  old  oak  that  has  withstood  the  storms  of  more 
than  a  hundred  winters.  The  oak  will  soon  break  before  the 
whirlwind.  Think  then,  my  children,  of  what  I  say.  I  com- 
mune with  the  Great  Spirit.  He  whispers  to  me  now.  Tell 
your  people  peace,  peace  with  the  white  man  is  the  only  hope 
of  your  race.  It  is  the  command  of  the  Great  Spirit,  and  the 
last  wish  of  Passaconaway."  He  died  in  1673,  at  the  great  age 
of  120  years. 

Wanalancet  was  Passaconaway's  son,  and  was  chief  after 
his  father's  abdication.  His  name  was  selected  by  Lucy 
Larcom  for  the  mountain,  of  which  she  was  so  fond.  Wana- 
lancet married  the  beautiful  Min-ne-o-la,  eldest  daughter  of 
Chocorua. 

Sandwich  Dome 

Sandwich  Dome,  whose  summit  commands  one  of  the 
grandest  and  most  fascinating  panoramas  in  New  England,  was 
named  by  Professor  Guiot,  and  the  name,  as  well  as  the  names 
of  many  other  mountains,  has  been  ofiicially  accepted  by  the 
United  States  Geographic  Survey. 

"Whiteface"  was  entirely  stripped  of  its  forests  and  foliage, 
its  mosses  and  lichens,  and  its  soil  on  the  south  side,  by  a  great 
landslide  in  1820.     This  naturally  suggested  its  name. 


MOUNT   CHOCORUA  I 77 

Previous  to  about  1820,  few  of  the  mountains  had  names. 
They  were  known  by  the  native  people  as  the  "Maountings," 
and  one  of  them  allowed  that  "if  he'd  had  the  makin'  on  um, 
he'd  a  made  um  a  little  peakeder  like  Chocorua." 

Paugus 

"Paugus"  was  so  named  for  the  terrible  chief  of  the 
"Pequakets."  Whether  this  mountain  had  a  name  before  1S20 
or  not,  it  has  been  sufficiently  blessed  since  that  time.  Deer 
Mountain,  Middle  Mountain,  Hunchback,  Frog,  Bald,  Old 
Shag,  are  a  few  of  its  names. 

The  story  of  Lovewell's  fight  and  the  killing  of  the  chief 
Paugus,  you  may  be  familiar  with ;  you  can  find  it  in  the  histo- 
ries. You  remember  how  the  expedition  against  the  "Pe'quats" 
was  fitted  out  at  Dunstable ;  how  John  Lovewell  was  chosen 
captain  and  leader ;  how  they  marched  up  through  Wolfboro, 
Ossipee  and  other  towns,  and  met  the  Indians  on  the  shores  of 
the  lake,  now  known  as  Lovewell's  Pond,  in  Fryeburg,  Maine. 
Many  descriptions  of  this  important  battle  have  been  written, 
both  in  prose  and  rhyme.     The  best  known  verses  commence  :-— 

"What  time  the  noble  Lovewell  came 

With  fifty  men  from  Dunstable; 
The  cruel  e'quat  tribe  to  tame 

With  arms  and  bloodshed  terrible." 

You  remember,  perhaps,  how  they  met  the  Indians  at  the 
Pond  in  Fryburg,  Maine  (which  can  be  seen  from  the  summit 
of  Chocorua)  ;  how  Lovewell  fell  at  the  first  encounter  and  how 
the  old  chief  Paugus  and  John  Chamberlain  came  face  to  face 
as  they  went  to  the  water's  edge,  to  clean  their  muskets, — both 
old  flintlocks.  Tradition  says  they  both  instinctively  and 
mutually  declared  a  truce  until  their  guns  should  be  cleansed, — 
which  they  proceeded  to  do,  each  making  the  same  motions  at 
the  same  time.  "Me  kill  you,"  said  Paugus,  turning  up  his 
powder  horn.  "It  is  me  or  you,"  ungrammatically  i-eplied 
Chamberlain.  The  Indian  seems  to  have  gained  a  little  on 
Chamberlain,  and  was  first  to  prime  his  weapon.  "Huh! 
white  man  no  prime;  me  kill  white  man!"  said  he,  with  a 
horrible  grin,  at  the  same  moment  tilting  his  powder  horn,  but 


178  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

Chamberlain,  who  had  just  finished  ramming  home  his  bullet, 
struck  the  butt  of  his  gun  violently  on  the  ground,  which  caused 
it  to  prime  itself.  The  next  instant,  Paugus  fell,  shot  through 
the  heart,  while  the  bullet  from  the  Indian's  gun  grazed 
Chamberlain's  temple. 

Thus  perished  Paugus,  a  great  chief  and  terrible  warrior, 
but  inferior  to  both  Passaconaway  and  Chocorua.  It  is  fitting, 
therefore,  that  his  name  should  be  given  to  a  mountain  of  less 
grandeur  and  beauty,  which  stands  between  the  two. 

This  battle  of  less  than  one  hundred  men  all  told  is  con- 
sidered one  of  very  great  importance,  and  is  said  to  have 
brought  about  the  end  of  the  Indian  wars.  The  remnants  of 
the  tribes  living  in  this  vicinity  soon  after  left  their  settlements, 
and  went  to  Canada,  never  to  return. 

Before  closing,  I  will  give  you  a  brief  sketch  of  the  sad 
legend  of  Chocorua's  life. 

Legend  of  Chocorua's  Life 

One  version,  probably  the  most  authentic,  says  that  Cho- 
corua was  a  peaceful  Indian,  who  favored  the  white  settlers 
and  refused  to  leave  the  land  of  his  fathers,  when  most  of  his 
tribe  fled  to  Canada,  after  Lovewell's  fight.  He  was  especially 
friendly  with  a  pioneer  named  Campbell,  who,  tradition  says, 
lived  in  a  hut  near  the  present  Pequaket  Post  Office.  The  chief 
had  a  son,  in  whom,  says  the  story,  "all  his  love  and  hopes 
were  centered."  On  one  occasion,  it  became  necessary  for 
Chocorua  to  visit  the  people  of  his  tribe,  then  living  in  the  St. 
Lawrence  Valley.  Not  wishing  to  take  his  son  with  him,  he 
left  him  with  his  friend  Campbell  until  his  return.  The  story 
goes  that  the  Indian  boy  was  welcomed  to  the  hut  of  the  pioneer, 
and  shared  equally  with  the  family  what  comforts  his  pioneer 
home  afforded.  One  unfortunate  day,  however,  the  boy  found 
a  bottle  of  poison,  prepared  to  kill  foxes,  and  his  intense  curi- 
osity (an  inborn  trait  of  all  Indians)  would  not  be  satisfied 
until  he  had  drunk  a  portion  of  it,  which  resulted  in  his  death. 

Chocorua's  spirit  demanded  revenge,  which  he  sought  from 
that  day.  Campbell  went  home  one  day  soon  after,  to  find 
upon  the  floor  of  his  hut,  the  dead  and  mangled  forms  of  his 
wife  and  children,  over  the  horrors  of  which,  let  us  draw  the 


MOUNT    CHOCORUA  I79 

veil.  Campbell  aroused  the  nearby  settlers  and  they  started  to 
hunt  Chocorua  and  avenge  this  awful  act  of  cruelty.  They 
soon  struck  his  trail,  followed  and  overtook  him,  driving  him  to 
the  crest  of  the  mountain,  where  they  shot  him  down. 

It  is  said  the  dying  Indian,  as  he  fell  from  the  ledge  where 
he  was  shot,  evoked  a  curse  upon  all  that  belonged  to  the  white 
man.  This  is  still  spoken  of  as  "Chocorua 's  Curse,"  and  is 
dreaded  by  the  common  people  of  this  vicinity  to  this  day.  It 
is  a  strange  coincidence  that  for  many  years  there  has  been  a 
disease  of  the  cattle  of  the  settlers,  known  as  the  Borton  Ail, 
which  caused  the  cattle  to  be  stricken  and  to  die  soon  after 
being  brought  here.  The  uneducated  people,  given  to  super- 
stitious beliefs,  connect  this  disease  with  Chocorua's  curse,  and 
it  was  firmly  believed  for  many  years,  in  fact,  almost  to  this 
day,  or  until  a  certain  chemist  learned  that  the  water  in  this 
region  contained  some  chemical  which  caused  the  sickness. 
The  farmers  around  Chocorua  place  clay  in  their  watering 
troughs  to  counteract  the  effect  of  the  poison. 

Other  Legends 

Besides  these  Indian  stories,  this  territory  was  once  rich  in 
stories  of  the  early  settlers,  but  most  of  them  have  been  lost  for 
want  of  an  historian,  although  many  might  still  be  collected. 

There  is  a  book  called  "New  England  Rarities,"  by  one 
Joslyne,  published  more  than  two  hundred  years  ago,  which 
tells  many  wonderful  things  about  this  territory.  He  says  "The 
bears  about  here  are  never  fierce.  They  walk  the  country, 
twenty  or  thirty  or  forty  in  a  company,  making  a  hideous  noise 
with  roaring  which  you  may  hear  a  mile  or  two  before  they 
come  so  near  as  to  endanger  the  traveler," 

Again, — ''The  porcupine  is  a  very  angrv  creature  and  very 
dangerous,  shooting  a  whole  shower  of  quills  with  a  rouse  at 
their  enemies."  This  is  one  of  the  superstiiions  that  die  hard. 
Thousands  of  people  still  believe  that  a  hedge-hog  or  porcupine 
can  throw  its  quills, — without  the  slightest  e\  idence  of  its  truth. 

Joslyne  also  tells  us  that  in  this  country  there  are  "Frogs" 
as  large  as  a  year  old  baby.  How  strenuously  such  a  frog 
would  call  for  his  "jug-u-rum"  and  how  emphatically  he  would 
tell  us  of  the  inebriation  of  Patrick. 


l8o  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

The  valleys  and  intervales  among  these  hills  and  moun- 
tains, fifty  to  a  hundred  years  ago,  down  to  the  time  of  our 
Civil  War,  were  much  more  thickly  settled  than  now.  Farms, 
ruined  and  desolate,  are  found  on  many  a  hillside,  the  sites  of 
former  happy  homes,  now  entirely  overgrown  and  almost 
obliterated  by  the  return  of  the  forest, — each  with  its  own  little 
story,  often  pathetic  enough. 

"There  is  ruin  and  decay 
In  the  house  on  the  hill; 
They  are  all  gone  away, 

There  is  nothing  more  to  say!" 

"They  are  all  gone  away  ; 

The  house  is  shut  and  still; 
There  is  nothing  more  to  say !" 

"Through  broken  walls  and  gray 
The  winds  blow  bleak  and  shrill ; 
They  are  all  gone  away  !" 

"Nor  is  there  one  to-day 

To  speak  them  good  or  ill. 
There  is  nothing  more  to  say  !" 

(From  The  Oittloo/;,  A.\ni\  12,  1905.) 

During  our  Civil  war,  the  young  men  went  to  the  defense 
of  the  Union.  After  the  war  was  over,  having  learned  to  like 
the  city  and  town  Ijetter  than  the  country  and  forest,  they  went 
away  to  work  in  the  shops  and  factories,  which  seemed  to  afford 
them  an  easier  living.  As  for  the  girls,— they  followed  the 
boys,  of  course.  What  else  could  they  do  ?  The  aged  fathers 
and  mothers  were  left  on  the  old  farms,  from  which  they  were 
gradually  removed  by  death,  or  other  causes,  leaving  their  homes 
to  return  to  the  jungle. 

One  more,  and  I  am  done.  In  the  wild  and  lonely  ravines 
to  the  north  of  Chocorua,  there  is  a  cave  called  "Skedadlers 
Cave,"  where  it  is  said  deserters  and  "bounty  jumpers"  from 
the  army  used  to  hide  and  bid  defiance  to  the  officers  sent  to 
arrest  them.  But  this  paper  must  be  l)rought  to  a  close.  As  I 
do  so,  I  cannot  help  expressing  my  delight  that  now,  as  we 
climb  the  rugged  sides  of  Grand  old  Chocorua,  and  rise  above 
the  mists  and  clouds,  out  upon  its  sun  kissed  summit,  we  can 


MOUNT    CHOCORUA  lol 

behold,  spread  out  before  us  in  one  grand,  majestic  panorama, 
as  far  as  the  eye  can  reach  to  the  north  and  west,  one  great  and 
splendid  National  Mountain  Reservation,  freed  forever  from  the 
depredations  of  the  lumber  barons,  and  the  wood  pulp  fiend. 

Now,  may  these  hills  and  valleys,  "where  every  prospect 
pleases  and  only  man  is  vile,"  be  again  allowed  to  deck  them- 
selves in  the  luxurious  verdure  of  the  wide  spreading  forest, 
nevermore  to  be  destroyed ;  through  whose  sombre  recesses  our 
four-footed  brothers  may  again  roam  without  fear  of  the  cruel 
gun.  Here  again  may  the  deer  and  the  bear  wander  at  their 
own  sweet  will;  here  may  the  beaver  build  his  dam,  the  fox 
drag  his  brush  over  the  ledges,  the  hedge-hog  throw  his  quills 
(if  he  can),  and  the  catamount  —  No!  we  will  not  have  the 
catamount, —  but 

"The  eagle  may  soar  to  the  sky; 
The  raven  may  utter  his  cry  ; 
And  the  ring-tailed  raccoon 
By  the  light  of  the  moon 
May  perch  on  the  branches  high." 

Here  again  the  partridge  may  drum  for  his  mate,  and  the  loon 
laugh  and  scream  as  he  skims  over  the  placid  bosom  of  the 
lake,  or  dives  beneath  its  limpid  and  transpicuous  waters,  while 
myriads  of  warblers  may  make  the  air  vocal  with  their  melodies. 
And  the  Indian,  if  he  choose  to  come  again,  may  go,  as  of  old,' 
and  stand  in  front  of  some  tobacco  shop,  and  be  a  good  and 
peaceful  Indian. 


CHOCORUA 

Pequaket's  glorious  hills, 

Deep  glens  and  sparkling  rills, 
Thy  praise  we  sing. 
In  this  old  tune  sublime 

With  rhythmic  praise  and  rhyme 
And  stately  measured  time 
We  homage  bring. 


l82  LYNN    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 

From  city's  rout  and  moil, 

From  weary  care  and  toil, 
Our  footsteps  stray. 
To  thy  melodious  glades, 

Thy  cool  embowered  arcades. 
Thy  sweet  and  fragrant  shades. 
Where  sunbeams  play. 

Chocorua!  Noble!  Grand! 
Enrapt  we  silent  stand 
And  reverent  bow. 
We  love  thy  form  serene, 

Thy  cliffs  and  robes  of  green ; 
Oft  may  we  here  convene 
Beneath  thy  brow. 


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